The Experts below are selected from a list of 12048 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Reinhold Tacke - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Milestones in the Biochemistry of Silicon: From Basic Research to Biotechnological Applications.
Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English), 1999Co-Authors: Reinhold TackeAbstract:6.7 Gigatonnes of silicon are processed each year by marine organisms. Since it was known that silicon is an essential Element for many biological systems, significant advances in the biochemistry of this Element have been achieved from the classical viewpoint of silicon being a purely Inorganic Element. This article describes the proteins, genes, and molecular mechanisms of silicon metabolism in diatoms and sponges. These studies may help to reveal the role of silicon for optimal development and growth in many plants and animals as well as initiate the development of new technological methods for the shape-controlled production of new patterned silicone-based materials.
Wolte Prins - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Inorganic Element transfer from biomass to fast pyrolysis oil review and experiments
Fuel Processing Technology, 2016Co-Authors: E J Leijenhors, W Wolters, L Van De Beld, Wolte PrinsAbstract:Abstract Fast pyrolysis bio oil is a liquid biofuel produced by fast pyrolysis of biomass materials. Even though pyrolysis oil consists primarily of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen, contaminations in the form of Inorganic Elements can be transferred from the original biomass feedstock to the pyrolysis oil during its production. These Inorganic Elements might limit the potential for utilization in high value applications, for example by poisoning the catalysts used in any subsequent processing steps. In this work, the transfer of Inorganic Elements from biomass to pyrolysis oil has been investigated. First a literature review was performed in order to determine the possible pathways Inorganic Elements can follow in the pyrolysis process. An important mechanism in the release of Inorganic Elements from the solid to the vapor phase was found in reactions between the organic volatiles produced and the Inorganic Elements present in the solid material. Organic volatiles form bonds with Inorganic Elements on the solid (pore) surface, after which the composed molecule can be released to the vapor phase. Experimental work on the transfer of Inorganic Elements during pyrolysis of 16 biomass materials has been carried out. Results show that alkali earth metals (Ca, Mg), transition metals (Fe, Cu, Ni, Cd, Cr, Co, Mn, Zn) and post transition metals (Al, Pb) remain largely on the solid char by-product. Incomplete solid separation from the gaseous stream prior to condensation is then the main route for their transfer to the pyrolysis oil. For the non-metals (S, P) sulfur is transferred primarily due to reactions with organic volatiles, while phosphorus is transferred primarily by physical entrainment of solid char particles. For the alkali metals (Na, K) the entrainment of solid char particles to pyrolysis oil is also the primary pathway, although Na and K are also transferred notably by reactions with volatiles. The influence of the pyrolysis temperature in the normal operating range (400–600 °C) appears to be small. > 95 wt.% of all Inorganic Elements present in the biomass are typically separated from the pyrolysis oil product. Options are available to increase the separation efficiency even further, showing that the presence of Inorganic Elements should not be a limiting factor for the application of pyrolysis oil.
Ell-sik Min - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Characteristics of the Inorganic Element Contents or the Korean Ginsengs from Various Soils of Keumsan
Journal of Ginseng Research, 2009Co-Authors: Suck-hwan Song, Ell-sik MinAbstract:Geochemical relationships between ginsengs and soils from three representative soil types, shale, phyllite and granite regions, from Keumsan were examined. High Elements were shown at the granite and shale areas of the weathered soils, the phyllite areas of the cultivated soils and the shale areas of the host rocks. Tl was enriched in ginsengs grown in the shale areas, Cs and B in the phyllite areas, and Be and Cd in the granite areas. Positive correlations were dominated by the shale areas. These relationships can be explained for mineral characteristics within the soils, and their behaviors related to the physio-chemical conditions. High Elements were shown in the 2 year ginsengs of the shale areas, and 4 year ginsengs of the phyllite and granite areas in comparisons with ginsengs of the different ages from the same areas. These differences can be explained with ages of the ginsengs, solubilities of the minerals and physio-chemical differences within soils. The content differences of high Elements such as Cs, Tl and Be were found between soils and ginsengs. Overall, these results suggest that components of ginsengs grown in the granite areas are chemically similar to the soils.
E J Leijenhors - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Inorganic Element transfer from biomass to fast pyrolysis oil review and experiments
Fuel Processing Technology, 2016Co-Authors: E J Leijenhors, W Wolters, L Van De Beld, Wolte PrinsAbstract:Abstract Fast pyrolysis bio oil is a liquid biofuel produced by fast pyrolysis of biomass materials. Even though pyrolysis oil consists primarily of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen, contaminations in the form of Inorganic Elements can be transferred from the original biomass feedstock to the pyrolysis oil during its production. These Inorganic Elements might limit the potential for utilization in high value applications, for example by poisoning the catalysts used in any subsequent processing steps. In this work, the transfer of Inorganic Elements from biomass to pyrolysis oil has been investigated. First a literature review was performed in order to determine the possible pathways Inorganic Elements can follow in the pyrolysis process. An important mechanism in the release of Inorganic Elements from the solid to the vapor phase was found in reactions between the organic volatiles produced and the Inorganic Elements present in the solid material. Organic volatiles form bonds with Inorganic Elements on the solid (pore) surface, after which the composed molecule can be released to the vapor phase. Experimental work on the transfer of Inorganic Elements during pyrolysis of 16 biomass materials has been carried out. Results show that alkali earth metals (Ca, Mg), transition metals (Fe, Cu, Ni, Cd, Cr, Co, Mn, Zn) and post transition metals (Al, Pb) remain largely on the solid char by-product. Incomplete solid separation from the gaseous stream prior to condensation is then the main route for their transfer to the pyrolysis oil. For the non-metals (S, P) sulfur is transferred primarily due to reactions with organic volatiles, while phosphorus is transferred primarily by physical entrainment of solid char particles. For the alkali metals (Na, K) the entrainment of solid char particles to pyrolysis oil is also the primary pathway, although Na and K are also transferred notably by reactions with volatiles. The influence of the pyrolysis temperature in the normal operating range (400–600 °C) appears to be small. > 95 wt.% of all Inorganic Elements present in the biomass are typically separated from the pyrolysis oil product. Options are available to increase the separation efficiency even further, showing that the presence of Inorganic Elements should not be a limiting factor for the application of pyrolysis oil.
Akashi Takahiro - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Analyzing the relationship between the Inorganic Element profile of sake dilution water and dimethyl trisulfide formation using multi-Element profiling.
Journal of bioscience and bioengineering, 2018Co-Authors: Yoshihiro Tamada, Misato Tokui, Nobuo Yamashita, Takafumi Kubodera, Akashi TakahiroAbstract:Dimethyl trisulfide (DMTS) is the main component of hineka, an off-flavor generated in sake during storage. Genshu, or undiluted sake, is usually diluted with water during warimizu, the process of adjusting the alcohol content of sake. In this study, we evaluated how the Inorganic Element composition of sake dilution water affects the DMTS-producing potential of the sake (DMTS-pp, determined as the DMTS concentration in sake stored at 70°C for 1 week after dilution) using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Partial least squares (PLS) regression analysis was conducted with the ICP-MS data as the explanatory variable and DMTS-pp as the response variable, and the selection of Inorganic Elements for the construction of the PLS model was performed using variable importance in projection scores. The findings confirmed that some of the compounds containing the Inorganic Elements extracted from the PLS regression analysis contribute to DMTS-pp.