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Lourdes Gomezgomez - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • cytosolic and plastoglobule targeted carotenoid dioxygenases from crocus sativus are both involved in β ionone release
    Journal of Biological Chemistry, 2008
    Co-Authors: Angela Rubio, Jose Luis Rambla, Marcella Santaella, Dolores M Gomez, Diego Orzaez, Antonio Granell, Lourdes Gomezgomez
    Abstract:

    Saffron, the processed stigma of Crocus sativus, is characterized by the presence of several apocarotenoids that contribute to the color, flavor, and aroma of the spice. However, little is known about the synthesis of aroma compounds during the development of the C. sativus stigma. The developing stigma is nearly odorless, but before and at anthesis, the aromatic compound β-ionone becomes the principal norisoprenoid volatile in the stigma. In this study, four carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase (CCD) genes, CsCCD1a, CsCCD1b, CsCCD4a, and CsCCD4b, were isolated from C. sativus. Expression analysis showed that CsCCD1a was constitutively expressed, CsCCD1b was unique to the stigma tissue, but only CsCCD4a and -b had expression patterns consistent with the highest levels of β-carotene and emission of β-ionone derived during the stigma development. The CsCCD4 enzymes were localized in plastids and more specifically were present in the plastoglobules. The enzymatic activities of CsCCD1a, CsCCD1b, and CsCCD4 enzymes were determined by Escherichia coli expression, and subsequent analysis of the volatile products was generated by GC/MS. The four CCDs fell in two phylogenetically divergent dioxygenase classes, but all could cleave β-carotene at the 9,10(9′,10′) positions to yield β-ionone. The data obtained suggest that all four C. sativus CCD enzymes may contribute in different ways to the production of β-ionone. In addition, the location and precise timing of β-ionone synthesis, together with its known activity as a fragrance and Insect Attractant, suggest that this volatile may have a role in Crocus pollination.

Angela Rubio - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • cytosolic and plastoglobule targeted carotenoid dioxygenases from crocus sativus are both involved in β ionone release
    Journal of Biological Chemistry, 2008
    Co-Authors: Angela Rubio, Jose Luis Rambla, Marcella Santaella, Dolores M Gomez, Diego Orzaez, Antonio Granell, Lourdes Gomezgomez
    Abstract:

    Saffron, the processed stigma of Crocus sativus, is characterized by the presence of several apocarotenoids that contribute to the color, flavor, and aroma of the spice. However, little is known about the synthesis of aroma compounds during the development of the C. sativus stigma. The developing stigma is nearly odorless, but before and at anthesis, the aromatic compound β-ionone becomes the principal norisoprenoid volatile in the stigma. In this study, four carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase (CCD) genes, CsCCD1a, CsCCD1b, CsCCD4a, and CsCCD4b, were isolated from C. sativus. Expression analysis showed that CsCCD1a was constitutively expressed, CsCCD1b was unique to the stigma tissue, but only CsCCD4a and -b had expression patterns consistent with the highest levels of β-carotene and emission of β-ionone derived during the stigma development. The CsCCD4 enzymes were localized in plastids and more specifically were present in the plastoglobules. The enzymatic activities of CsCCD1a, CsCCD1b, and CsCCD4 enzymes were determined by Escherichia coli expression, and subsequent analysis of the volatile products was generated by GC/MS. The four CCDs fell in two phylogenetically divergent dioxygenase classes, but all could cleave β-carotene at the 9,10(9′,10′) positions to yield β-ionone. The data obtained suggest that all four C. sativus CCD enzymes may contribute in different ways to the production of β-ionone. In addition, the location and precise timing of β-ionone synthesis, together with its known activity as a fragrance and Insect Attractant, suggest that this volatile may have a role in Crocus pollination.

  • Cytosolic and Plastoglobule-targeted Carotenoid Dioxygenases from Crocus sativus Are Both Involved in
    2008
    Co-Authors: Angela Rubio, Marcella Santaella, Diego Orzaez, Antonio Granell
    Abstract:

    Saffron, the processed stigma of Crocus sativus, is characterized by the presence of several apocarotenoids that contribute to the color, flavor, and aroma of the spice. However, little is known about the synthesis of aroma compounds during the development of the C. sativus stigma. The developing stigma is nearly odorless, but before and at anthesis, the aromatic compound -ionone becomes the principal norisoprenoid volatile in the stigma. In this study, four carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase (CCD) genes, CsCCD1a, CsCCD1b, CsCCD4a, and CsCCD4b, were isolated from C. sativus. Expression analysis showed that CsCCD1a was constitutively expressed, CsCCD1b was unique to the stigma tissue, but only CsCCD4a and -b had expression patterns consistent with the highest levels of -carotene and emission of -ionone derived during the stigma development. The CsCCD4 enzymes were localized in plastids and more specifically were present in the plastoglobules. The enzymatic activities of CsCCD1a, CsCCD1b, and CsCCD4 enzymes were determined by Escherichia coli expression, and subsequent analysis of the volatile products was generated by GC/MS. The four CCDs fell in two phylogenetically divergent dioxygenase classes, but all could cleave -carotene at the 9,10(9,10) positions to yield-ionone. The data obtained suggest that all four C. sativus CCD enzymes may contribute in different ways to the production of -ionone. In addition, the location and precise timing of -ionone synthesis, together with its known activity as a fragrance and Insect Attractant, suggest that this volatile may have a role in Crocus pollination. Crocus sativus is a triploid sterile plant characterized by its long red stigmas. These stigmas, when desiccated, constitute the spice known as saffron. Saffron is considered a complex mixture of volatile and non-volatile compounds that contribute to its overall aroma and flavor. The main components of saffron responsible for coloring strength are the derived carotenoids cis- and trans-crocins, picrocrocin, and its degradation product, the odor-active safranal that composes up to 70% of total volatiles (1). In addition to safranal, 150 volatile compounds are estimated to be present in the spice, and60 constituents have been identified (2). The structures of several of these reveal an isoprenoid-based origin like safranal, and are assumed to be the

Antonio Granell - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • cytosolic and plastoglobule targeted carotenoid dioxygenases from crocus sativus are both involved in β ionone release
    Journal of Biological Chemistry, 2008
    Co-Authors: Angela Rubio, Jose Luis Rambla, Marcella Santaella, Dolores M Gomez, Diego Orzaez, Antonio Granell, Lourdes Gomezgomez
    Abstract:

    Saffron, the processed stigma of Crocus sativus, is characterized by the presence of several apocarotenoids that contribute to the color, flavor, and aroma of the spice. However, little is known about the synthesis of aroma compounds during the development of the C. sativus stigma. The developing stigma is nearly odorless, but before and at anthesis, the aromatic compound β-ionone becomes the principal norisoprenoid volatile in the stigma. In this study, four carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase (CCD) genes, CsCCD1a, CsCCD1b, CsCCD4a, and CsCCD4b, were isolated from C. sativus. Expression analysis showed that CsCCD1a was constitutively expressed, CsCCD1b was unique to the stigma tissue, but only CsCCD4a and -b had expression patterns consistent with the highest levels of β-carotene and emission of β-ionone derived during the stigma development. The CsCCD4 enzymes were localized in plastids and more specifically were present in the plastoglobules. The enzymatic activities of CsCCD1a, CsCCD1b, and CsCCD4 enzymes were determined by Escherichia coli expression, and subsequent analysis of the volatile products was generated by GC/MS. The four CCDs fell in two phylogenetically divergent dioxygenase classes, but all could cleave β-carotene at the 9,10(9′,10′) positions to yield β-ionone. The data obtained suggest that all four C. sativus CCD enzymes may contribute in different ways to the production of β-ionone. In addition, the location and precise timing of β-ionone synthesis, together with its known activity as a fragrance and Insect Attractant, suggest that this volatile may have a role in Crocus pollination.

  • Cytosolic and Plastoglobule-targeted Carotenoid Dioxygenases from Crocus sativus Are Both Involved in
    2008
    Co-Authors: Angela Rubio, Marcella Santaella, Diego Orzaez, Antonio Granell
    Abstract:

    Saffron, the processed stigma of Crocus sativus, is characterized by the presence of several apocarotenoids that contribute to the color, flavor, and aroma of the spice. However, little is known about the synthesis of aroma compounds during the development of the C. sativus stigma. The developing stigma is nearly odorless, but before and at anthesis, the aromatic compound -ionone becomes the principal norisoprenoid volatile in the stigma. In this study, four carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase (CCD) genes, CsCCD1a, CsCCD1b, CsCCD4a, and CsCCD4b, were isolated from C. sativus. Expression analysis showed that CsCCD1a was constitutively expressed, CsCCD1b was unique to the stigma tissue, but only CsCCD4a and -b had expression patterns consistent with the highest levels of -carotene and emission of -ionone derived during the stigma development. The CsCCD4 enzymes were localized in plastids and more specifically were present in the plastoglobules. The enzymatic activities of CsCCD1a, CsCCD1b, and CsCCD4 enzymes were determined by Escherichia coli expression, and subsequent analysis of the volatile products was generated by GC/MS. The four CCDs fell in two phylogenetically divergent dioxygenase classes, but all could cleave -carotene at the 9,10(9,10) positions to yield-ionone. The data obtained suggest that all four C. sativus CCD enzymes may contribute in different ways to the production of -ionone. In addition, the location and precise timing of -ionone synthesis, together with its known activity as a fragrance and Insect Attractant, suggest that this volatile may have a role in Crocus pollination. Crocus sativus is a triploid sterile plant characterized by its long red stigmas. These stigmas, when desiccated, constitute the spice known as saffron. Saffron is considered a complex mixture of volatile and non-volatile compounds that contribute to its overall aroma and flavor. The main components of saffron responsible for coloring strength are the derived carotenoids cis- and trans-crocins, picrocrocin, and its degradation product, the odor-active safranal that composes up to 70% of total volatiles (1). In addition to safranal, 150 volatile compounds are estimated to be present in the spice, and60 constituents have been identified (2). The structures of several of these reveal an isoprenoid-based origin like safranal, and are assumed to be the

Carmenza Spadafora - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Volatile organic compounds associated with Plasmodium falciparum infection in vitro
    Parasites & Vectors, 2017
    Co-Authors: Ricardo Correa, Lorena M. Coronado, Anette C. Garrido, Armando A. Durant-archibold, Carmenza Spadafora
    Abstract:

    Background In order to identify new ways to prevent transmission of vector-borne diseases such as malaria, efforts have been made to understand how Insects are attracted to humans. Vector-host interaction studies have shown that several volatile compounds play an important role in attracting mosquitoes to human targets. A headspace solid-phase micro-extraction/gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HSPME GC-MS) analysis of the volatile organic composition of extracellular vesicles (EVs) and supernatants of ultracentrifugation (SNUs) was carried out in Plasmodium falciparum- infected cultures with high and low parasitemias. Results A list of 18 volatile organic compounds (VOCs) was obtained from the EVs of both infected and uninfected RBCs with 1,2,3-Propanetriol, diacetate (diacetin) increased in the infected EVs, regardless of the parasitemia of the culture. The supernatant analysis, however, gave off 56 VOCs, with pentane 2,2,4-trimethyl being present in all the SNUs of uninfected erythrocytes but absent from the parasite-infected ones. Standing out in this study was hexanal, a reported Insect Attractant, which was the only VOC present in all samples from SNUs from infected erythrocytes and absent from uninfected ones, suggesting that it originates during parasite infection. Conclusions The hexanal compound, reportedly a low-level component found in healthy human samples such as breath and plasma, had not been found in previous analyses of P. falciparum- infected patients or cultures. This compound has been reported as an Anopheles gambiae Attractant in plants. While the compound could be produced during infection by the malaria parasite in human erythrocytes, the A. gambiae attraction could be used by the parasite as a strategy for transmission.

  • Volatile organic compounds associated with Plasmodium falciparum infection in vitro
    Parasites & vectors, 2017
    Co-Authors: Ricardo Correa, Lorena M. Coronado, Armando A. Durant-archibold, Anette Garrido, Carmenza Spadafora
    Abstract:

    In order to identify new ways to prevent transmission of vector-borne diseases such as malaria, efforts have been made to understand how Insects are attracted to humans. Vector-host interaction studies have shown that several volatile compounds play an important role in attracting mosquitoes to human targets. A headspace solid-phase micro-extraction/gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HSPME GC-MS) analysis of the volatile organic composition of extracellular vesicles (EVs) and supernatants of ultracentrifugation (SNUs) was carried out in Plasmodium falciparum-infected cultures with high and low parasitemias. A list of 18 volatile organic compounds (VOCs) was obtained from the EVs of both infected and uninfected RBCs with 1,2,3-Propanetriol, diacetate (diacetin) increased in the infected EVs, regardless of the parasitemia of the culture. The supernatant analysis, however, gave off 56 VOCs, with pentane 2,2,4-trimethyl being present in all the SNUs of uninfected erythrocytes but absent from the parasite-infected ones. Standing out in this study was hexanal, a reported Insect Attractant, which was the only VOC present in all samples from SNUs from infected erythrocytes and absent from uninfected ones, suggesting that it originates during parasite infection. The hexanal compound, reportedly a low-level component found in healthy human samples such as breath and plasma, had not been found in previous analyses of P. falciparum-infected patients or cultures. This compound has been reported as an Anopheles gambiae Attractant in plants. While the compound could be produced during infection by the malaria parasite in human erythrocytes, the A. gambiae attraction could be used by the parasite as a strategy for transmission.

Marcella Santaella - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • cytosolic and plastoglobule targeted carotenoid dioxygenases from crocus sativus are both involved in β ionone release
    Journal of Biological Chemistry, 2008
    Co-Authors: Angela Rubio, Jose Luis Rambla, Marcella Santaella, Dolores M Gomez, Diego Orzaez, Antonio Granell, Lourdes Gomezgomez
    Abstract:

    Saffron, the processed stigma of Crocus sativus, is characterized by the presence of several apocarotenoids that contribute to the color, flavor, and aroma of the spice. However, little is known about the synthesis of aroma compounds during the development of the C. sativus stigma. The developing stigma is nearly odorless, but before and at anthesis, the aromatic compound β-ionone becomes the principal norisoprenoid volatile in the stigma. In this study, four carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase (CCD) genes, CsCCD1a, CsCCD1b, CsCCD4a, and CsCCD4b, were isolated from C. sativus. Expression analysis showed that CsCCD1a was constitutively expressed, CsCCD1b was unique to the stigma tissue, but only CsCCD4a and -b had expression patterns consistent with the highest levels of β-carotene and emission of β-ionone derived during the stigma development. The CsCCD4 enzymes were localized in plastids and more specifically were present in the plastoglobules. The enzymatic activities of CsCCD1a, CsCCD1b, and CsCCD4 enzymes were determined by Escherichia coli expression, and subsequent analysis of the volatile products was generated by GC/MS. The four CCDs fell in two phylogenetically divergent dioxygenase classes, but all could cleave β-carotene at the 9,10(9′,10′) positions to yield β-ionone. The data obtained suggest that all four C. sativus CCD enzymes may contribute in different ways to the production of β-ionone. In addition, the location and precise timing of β-ionone synthesis, together with its known activity as a fragrance and Insect Attractant, suggest that this volatile may have a role in Crocus pollination.

  • Cytosolic and Plastoglobule-targeted Carotenoid Dioxygenases from Crocus sativus Are Both Involved in
    2008
    Co-Authors: Angela Rubio, Marcella Santaella, Diego Orzaez, Antonio Granell
    Abstract:

    Saffron, the processed stigma of Crocus sativus, is characterized by the presence of several apocarotenoids that contribute to the color, flavor, and aroma of the spice. However, little is known about the synthesis of aroma compounds during the development of the C. sativus stigma. The developing stigma is nearly odorless, but before and at anthesis, the aromatic compound -ionone becomes the principal norisoprenoid volatile in the stigma. In this study, four carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase (CCD) genes, CsCCD1a, CsCCD1b, CsCCD4a, and CsCCD4b, were isolated from C. sativus. Expression analysis showed that CsCCD1a was constitutively expressed, CsCCD1b was unique to the stigma tissue, but only CsCCD4a and -b had expression patterns consistent with the highest levels of -carotene and emission of -ionone derived during the stigma development. The CsCCD4 enzymes were localized in plastids and more specifically were present in the plastoglobules. The enzymatic activities of CsCCD1a, CsCCD1b, and CsCCD4 enzymes were determined by Escherichia coli expression, and subsequent analysis of the volatile products was generated by GC/MS. The four CCDs fell in two phylogenetically divergent dioxygenase classes, but all could cleave -carotene at the 9,10(9,10) positions to yield-ionone. The data obtained suggest that all four C. sativus CCD enzymes may contribute in different ways to the production of -ionone. In addition, the location and precise timing of -ionone synthesis, together with its known activity as a fragrance and Insect Attractant, suggest that this volatile may have a role in Crocus pollination. Crocus sativus is a triploid sterile plant characterized by its long red stigmas. These stigmas, when desiccated, constitute the spice known as saffron. Saffron is considered a complex mixture of volatile and non-volatile compounds that contribute to its overall aroma and flavor. The main components of saffron responsible for coloring strength are the derived carotenoids cis- and trans-crocins, picrocrocin, and its degradation product, the odor-active safranal that composes up to 70% of total volatiles (1). In addition to safranal, 150 volatile compounds are estimated to be present in the spice, and60 constituents have been identified (2). The structures of several of these reveal an isoprenoid-based origin like safranal, and are assumed to be the