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Hossein Hosseinzadeh - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Safranal protects against ischemia induced pc12 cell injury through inhibiting oxidative stress and apoptosis
Naunyn-schmiedebergs Archives of Pharmacology, 2021Co-Authors: Fatemeh Forouzanfar, Hossein Hosseinzadeh, Elham Asadpour, Mohammad Taher Boroushaki, Afrouz Adab, Seyedeh Hoda Dastpeiman, Hamid Reza SadeghniaAbstract:Safranal, isolated from saffron (Crocus sativus L.), is known to possesses neuroprotective effects. In this study, the neuroprotective potential of Safranal against PC12 cell injury triggered by ischemia/reperfusion was investigated. PC12 cells were pretreated with Safranal at concentration ranges of 10–160 μM for 2 h and then deprived from oxygen-glucose-serum for 6 h, followed by reoxygenation for 24 h (OGD condition). 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT), 2,7-dichlorofluorescin diacetate (DCF-DA), and comet assays were used to measure the extent of cellular viability, reactive oxygen substances (ROS), and DNA damage, respectively. Also, propidium iodide (PI) flow cytometry assay and western blotting of bax, bcl-2, and cleaved caspase-3 were performed for assessment of apoptosis. OGD exposure reduced the cell viability and increased intracellular ROS production, oxidative DNA damage, and apoptosis, in comparison with untreated control cells. Pretreatment with Safranal (40 and 160 μM) significantly attenuated OGD-induced PC12 cell death, oxidative damage, and apoptosis. Furthermore, Safranal markedly reduced the overexpression of bax/bcl-2 ratio and active caspase-3 following OGD (p < 0.05). The present findings indicated that Safranal protects against OGD-induced neurotoxicity via modulating of oxidative and apoptotic responses. Graphical abstract
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Effect of Safranal, a constituent of saffron, on olanzapine (an atypical antipsychotic) induced metabolic disorders in rat
Iranian journal of basic medical sciences, 2019Co-Authors: Sara Malekzadeh, Mahmood Reza Heidari, Bibi Marjan Razavi, Maryam Rameshrad, Hossein HosseinzadehAbstract:Objectives: Olanzapine, an atypical antipsychotic, causes weight gain and metabolic disorders in humans. Safranal, one of the active components of Crocus sativus (saffron), has been shown to have anti-obesity, lipid and blood pressure lowering and anti-diabetes effects. In this investigation, the effect of Safranal on metabolic disorders induced by olanzapine was studied. Materials and Methods: Fourty-two female Wistar rats were divided into 7 groups of 6 animals. The two groups were selected as controls, which received olanzapine and Safranal solvents, respectively. The third group treated by olanzapine 5 mg/kg. Groups 4, 5 and 6 treated by olanzapine 5 mg/kg plus Safranal (2.5, 5 and 10 mg/kg) and the last group received Safranal 10 mg/kg. The injections were performed intraperitoneally for 14 days and on the 15th day the rats were killed and their serum were collected to measure metabolic factors including glucose, insulin, triglyceride, total cholesterol and HDL cholesterol. Leptin level in plasma was also measured. Mean systolic blood pressure was measured using tail cuff method at the end of study. The rats were weighed every other day and amount of food consumed was measured daily. Results: Olanzapine significantly elevated body weight, food intake, fasting blood glucose, TG, leptin, and mean systolic blood pressure (MSBP). It also significantly decreased HDL cholesterol blood level. Safranal significantly improved all these complications at three doses. Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, Safranal is thought to be used as an effective combination in controlling metabolic complications caused by olanzapine.
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neuroprotective effect of Safranal an active ingredient of crocus sativus in a rat model of transient cerebral ischemia
Folia Neuropathologica, 2017Co-Authors: Hamid Reza Sadeghnia, Hamideh Shaterzadeh, Fatemeh Forouzanfar, Hossein HosseinzadehAbstract:Safranal is a monoterpene aldehyde found in saffron (Crocus sativus L.) petals. It has been previously reported that Safranal has a wide range of activities such as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. In this study, we examined the effect of Safranal on brain injuries in a transient model of focal cerebral ischemia. Transient focal cerebral ischemia was induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion for 30 min, followed by 24 h of reperfusion. Safranal in the doses of 72.5 and 145 mg/kg was administered intraperitoneally at 0, 3, and 6 h after reperfusion. Neurobehavioral deficit, infarct volume, hippocampal cell loss and markers of oxidative stress including thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), total sulfhydryl (SH) content, and antioxidant capacity (using FRAP assay) were also assessed. The focal cerebral ischemia induced a significant increase in the neurological score, infarct volume and neuronal cell loss in the ipsilateral hippocampal CA1 and CA3 subfields (p < 0.001) and also oxidative stress markers (p < 0.01). Following Safranal administration, the total SH content and antioxidant capacity significantly increased, while marked decreases were observed in the neurological score, infarct volume and hippocampal cell loss, as well as TBARS level. This study concluded that Safranal had protective effects on ischemic reperfusion injury in the rat model of stroke. Such effects of Safranal may have been exerted mainly by suppressing the production of free radicals and increasing antioxidant activity.
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evaluation of teratogenic effects of crocin and Safranal active ingredients of saffron in mice
Toxicology and Industrial Health, 2016Co-Authors: Seyed Adel Moallem, Bibi Marjan Razavi, Mohammad Afshar, Leila Etemad, Hossein HosseinzadehAbstract:Saffron (Crocus sativus) is a widely used food additive for its color and taste. Crocin and Safranal are two main components of this plant. Numerous studies are underway to introduce saffron and its active ingredients as pharmacological agents. Safety assessments of these compounds are important parts of this endeavor. In this study, the effects of crocin and Safranal administrations during embryogenesis have been investigated in mice. A total of 75 BALB/c pregnant mice were divided into six experimental and control groups. Four experimental groups received intraperitoneal injection of crocin (200 mg/kg or 600 mg/kg) daily or Safranal (0.075 ml/kg or 0.225 ml/kg) on gestational days (GDs) 6 to 15. Control groups received normal saline or paraffin as solvents of crocin and Safranal. Dams were dissected on GD18 and embryos were collected. Routine maternal and fetal parameters were recorded. Macroscopic observation of external malformations was also performed. Fetuses were then selected for double skeletal s...
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the effect of chronic administration of Safranal on systolic blood pressure in rats
Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 2015Co-Authors: Mohsen Imenshahidi, Bibi Marjan Razavi, Ayyoob Faal, Ali Gholampoor, Seyed Mehran Mousavi, Hossein HosseinzadehAbstract:Safranal, the main component of Crocus sativus essential oil, exhibits different pharmacological activities. In this study, the effects of Safranal, on blood pressure of normotensive and desoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA) - salt induced hypertensive rats in chronic administration were investigated. Three doses of Safranal (1, 2 and 4 mg/Kg/day) and spironolactone (50 mg/Kg/day) were administrated to the different groups of normotensive and hypertensive rats (at the end of 4 weeks treatment by DOCA-salt) for Five weeks. Then the effects of Safranal on mean systolic blood pressure (MSBP) and heart rate (HR) were evaluated using tail cuff method. The duration of effect of Safranal on SBP, was also evaluated. Our results indicated that chronic administration of Safranal could reduce the MSBP in DOCA salt treated rats in a dose dependent manner. Safranal did not decrease the MSBP in normotensive rats. The data also showed that antihypertensive effects of Safranal did not persist. In summary, our results showed that Safranal exhibits antihypertensive and normalizing effect on BP in chronic administration.
Hamid Reza Sadeghnia - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Safranal protects against ischemia induced pc12 cell injury through inhibiting oxidative stress and apoptosis
Naunyn-schmiedebergs Archives of Pharmacology, 2021Co-Authors: Fatemeh Forouzanfar, Hossein Hosseinzadeh, Elham Asadpour, Mohammad Taher Boroushaki, Afrouz Adab, Seyedeh Hoda Dastpeiman, Hamid Reza SadeghniaAbstract:Safranal, isolated from saffron (Crocus sativus L.), is known to possesses neuroprotective effects. In this study, the neuroprotective potential of Safranal against PC12 cell injury triggered by ischemia/reperfusion was investigated. PC12 cells were pretreated with Safranal at concentration ranges of 10–160 μM for 2 h and then deprived from oxygen-glucose-serum for 6 h, followed by reoxygenation for 24 h (OGD condition). 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT), 2,7-dichlorofluorescin diacetate (DCF-DA), and comet assays were used to measure the extent of cellular viability, reactive oxygen substances (ROS), and DNA damage, respectively. Also, propidium iodide (PI) flow cytometry assay and western blotting of bax, bcl-2, and cleaved caspase-3 were performed for assessment of apoptosis. OGD exposure reduced the cell viability and increased intracellular ROS production, oxidative DNA damage, and apoptosis, in comparison with untreated control cells. Pretreatment with Safranal (40 and 160 μM) significantly attenuated OGD-induced PC12 cell death, oxidative damage, and apoptosis. Furthermore, Safranal markedly reduced the overexpression of bax/bcl-2 ratio and active caspase-3 following OGD (p < 0.05). The present findings indicated that Safranal protects against OGD-induced neurotoxicity via modulating of oxidative and apoptotic responses. Graphical abstract
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Safranal attenuates excitotoxin induced oxidative oln 93 cells injury
Drug Research, 2019Co-Authors: Mohaddeseh Sada Alavi, Saha Fanoudi, Ameneh Veisi Fard, Mohammad Soukhtanloo, Mahmoud Hosseini, Hanif Arzega, Hamid Reza SadeghniaAbstract:Objectives Researches have been shown that glutamic acid (GA) or quinolinic acid (QA) can play role in neuroinflammatory and demyelinating diseases including multiple sclerosis (MS), mainly via oligodendrocytes activation and extreme free radicals generation. Recent studies have demonstrated that Safranal, an active constituent of Crocus sativus, has several pharmacological effects such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties. Since there is no data about the impact of Safranal on MS, this study was designed to investigate the protective effect of Safranal on OLN-93 oligodendrocytes injury induced by GA or QA. Materials and Methods At first, the potential toxic effect of Safranal on OLN-93 viability was evaluated. Also, the cells were pretreated with Safranal (0.1, 1, 10, 50, 100 and 200 μM) for 2 h and then subjected to GA (16 mM) or QA (8 mM) toxicity for 24 h, in which the same treatments were applied. The cell viability and parameters of redox status such as the levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid peroxidation were measured. Results Safranal at concentration ranges of 1–800 μM had no toxic effect on cell viability (p>0.05). Treatment with Safranal significantly increased cell viability following GA or QA insults at concentrations higher than 1 μM (p Conclusion The data suggests that Safranal exhibits oligoprotection potential by means of inhibiting oxidative stress parameters.
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neuroprotective effect of Safranal an active ingredient of crocus sativus in a rat model of transient cerebral ischemia
Folia Neuropathologica, 2017Co-Authors: Hamid Reza Sadeghnia, Hamideh Shaterzadeh, Fatemeh Forouzanfar, Hossein HosseinzadehAbstract:Safranal is a monoterpene aldehyde found in saffron (Crocus sativus L.) petals. It has been previously reported that Safranal has a wide range of activities such as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. In this study, we examined the effect of Safranal on brain injuries in a transient model of focal cerebral ischemia. Transient focal cerebral ischemia was induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion for 30 min, followed by 24 h of reperfusion. Safranal in the doses of 72.5 and 145 mg/kg was administered intraperitoneally at 0, 3, and 6 h after reperfusion. Neurobehavioral deficit, infarct volume, hippocampal cell loss and markers of oxidative stress including thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), total sulfhydryl (SH) content, and antioxidant capacity (using FRAP assay) were also assessed. The focal cerebral ischemia induced a significant increase in the neurological score, infarct volume and neuronal cell loss in the ipsilateral hippocampal CA1 and CA3 subfields (p < 0.001) and also oxidative stress markers (p < 0.01). Following Safranal administration, the total SH content and antioxidant capacity significantly increased, while marked decreases were observed in the neurological score, infarct volume and hippocampal cell loss, as well as TBARS level. This study concluded that Safranal had protective effects on ischemic reperfusion injury in the rat model of stroke. Such effects of Safranal may have been exerted mainly by suppressing the production of free radicals and increasing antioxidant activity.
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effects of combinations of curcumin linalool rutin Safranal and thymoquinone on glucose serum deprivation induced cell death
avicenna journal of phytomedicine, 2013Co-Authors: Bagher Alinejad, Ahmad Ghorbani, Hamid Reza SadeghniaAbstract:Objective: Several phytochemical agents have been known to exhibit a neuroprotective effect. Among them, curcumin, linalool, rutin, Safranal, and thymoquinone were widely investigated and neuroprotective activity of each of them was shown by several studies. This work was planned to investigate whether different combinations of them could induce better neuroprotective effect against glucose/serum deprivation (GSD)-induced cytotoxicity. Materials and Methods: PC12 cells were cultivated for 8 h in GSD condition in both the absence and presence of curcumin, linalool, rutin, Safranal, thymoquinone, or combinations of them. At the end of the experiment, the cell viability was determined using MTT assay. Results: The cells cultured in GSD condition showed a significant decrease in viability (28±1%) as compared with those cultured in standard condition (100±2%). In the presence of curcumin (10 µg/ml), linalool (16 µg/ml), rutin (200 µg/ml), Safranal (50 µg/ml), and thymoquinone (1 µg/ml), the cell viability increased to 69±3.4% (p<0.001), 44±1.4% (p<0.01), 64±0.5% (p<0.001), 49±2% (p<0.001), and 70±3.2% (p<0.001), respectively. When different combinations of the agents were tested, the best cytoprotective activity was obtained from Safranal + curcumin + thymoquinone (97±5%, p<0.01 vs. untreated cells). Conclusions: The present study demonstrated that a combination of Safranal + curcumin + thymoquinone can block GSD-induced cell death and has the potential to be considered for management of cerebral ischemia and neurodegenerative diseases.
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protective effect of Safranal a constituent of crocus sativus on quinolinic acid induced oxidative damage in rat hippocampus
Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences, 2013Co-Authors: Hamid Reza Sadeghnia, Mohammad Taher Boroushaki, Mina Kamkar, Elham Assadpour, Ahmad GhorbaniAbstract:Article type: Original Article Objective(s): Quinolinic acid (QA)-mediated excitotoxicity has been widely used as a model for studying neurodegenerative disorders. Recent studies suggested that saffron (Crocus sativus) or its active metabolite, i.e. Safranal, exerts pharmacological actions on central nervous system including anxiolytic, anticonvulsant, and neuroprotective properties. The present study aimed to investigate the effect Safranal pretreatment on QA-induced oxidative damage in rat hippocampus. Materials and Methods: Under anesthesia, a guide cannula was stereotaxically inserted into left ventral hippocampus of rats. The rats were then given either saline or Safranal (72.75, 145.5, and 291 mg/kg, IP) 30 min before administration of QA (300 nmol, intrahippocampal injection). The markers of oxidative stress including thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS, as an index of lipid preoxidation), total sulfhydryl groups, antioxidant capacity of hippocampus (using FRAP assay), and oxidative DNA damage (%tail DNA, using comet assay) were measured in hippocampus. Results: The QA induced a significant increase in TBARS levels and %tail DNA and remarkable decrease in antioxidant power (FRAP value) and total sulfhydryl content of hippocampus, in comparison with control animals. Systemic administration of Safranal (291 mg/kg, IP), effectively and dosedependently decreased the QA-induced lipid peroxidation (P<0.001) and oxidative DNA damage (P<0.001). Safranal also prevented the decrease of hippocampal thiol redox and antioxidant status (P<0.001) produced by QA. Conclusion: Safranal have protective effects on different markers of oxidative damage in hippocampal tissue following QA administration. Our findings might raise a possibility of potential therapeutic application of Safranal for preventing and treating neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease.
Mohammad Hossein Boskabady - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the effect of Safranal on th1 th2 cytokine balance
Iranian Journal of Immunology, 2016Co-Authors: Reza Feyzi, Mohammad Hossein Boskabady, Seyedeh Masoumeh Seyedhosseini Tamijani, Houshang Rafatpanah, Seyed Abdolrahim RezaeiAbstract:Background: Several biological and medical benefits of Saffron, Crocus sativus (Iridaceae), have been demonstrated. However, mechanisms of actions for purified constituents are greatly unknown. Objective: To examine the effects of Safranal, a main constituent of Saffron stigma, on cell viability and cytokine profile of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were examined. Methods: Effects of Safranal at 0.1, 0.5 and 1 mM concentrations were evaluated on cell viability and production of interleukin 4 (IL-4), IL-10 and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) from non-stimulated and phytohemagglutinin (PHA) stimulated PBMCs, compared to 0.1 mM dexamethasone and saline. Results: In stimulated cells, different concentrations of Safranal caused significant decrease of lymphocytes viability (p<0.001 for all concentrations). All concentrations of Safranal inhibited IFN-γ and IL-10 secretion in stimulated cells (p<0.01). In addition, high concentration of Safranal significantly decreased cell viability of non-stimulated PBMCs (p<0.001). The effect of 1 mM Safranal on IL-4 secretion was less than dexamethasone (p<0.05). Safranal showed a stimulatory effect on IFN-γ secretion in non-stimulated cells. The IFN-γ/IL-4 ratio at the presence of two higher Safranal concentrations both in non-stimulated and stimulated cells were significantly higher than those of control and PHA stimulated groups, respectively (p<0.05). Conclusion: The IFN-γ/IL-4 ratio increases in the presence of Safranal which indicates an effect on Th1/Th2 balance. Therefore, Safranal may have therapeutic effects in inflammatory diseases associated with Th1/Th2 imbalance.
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the extract of crocus sativus and its constituent Safranal affect serum levels of endothelin and total protein in sensitized guinea pigs
Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences, 2013Co-Authors: Zahra Gholamnezhad, Hamed Koushyar, Goltaj Byrami, Mohammad Hossein BoskabadyAbstract:Objective(s): The effect of the extract of Crocus sativus and its constituent, Safranal on inflammatory markers in sensitized guinea pigs was examined. Materials and Methods: Ovalbumin (OA) sensitized guinea pigs were given drinking water alone (group S), or drinking water containing three concentrations of Safranal, three concentrations of extract and one concentration of dexamethasone, (n=6, for all groups) and serum levels of endotheline-1 (ET-1) and total protein (TP) were assessed. Results: Serum levels of ET-1 and TP in group S were significantly higher than control group (P Conclusion: A preventive effect of the extract of C. sativus and its constituent Safranal on serum inflammatory markers in sensitized guinea pigs was shown.
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the effect of the extract of crocus sativus and its constituent Safranal on lung pathology and lung inflammation of ovalbumin sensitized guinea pigs
Phytomedicine, 2012Co-Authors: Mohammad Hossein Boskabady, Abbas Tabatabaee, Goltaj ByramiAbstract:Abstract Different pharmacological effects of Crocus sativus have been demonstrated on guinea pig tracheal chains in previous studies. In the present study, the prophylactic effect of the extract of C. sativus and its constituent, Safranal on lung pathology and total and differential white blood cells (WBC) of sensitized guinea pigs was examined. Guinea pigs were sensitized with injection and inhalation of ovalbumin (OA). One group of sensitized guinea pigs were given drinking water alone (group S) and three groups were given drinking water containing three concentrations of Safranal (S + SA1, S + SA2 and S + SA3 groups), three groups, drinking water containing three concentrations of extract (S + CS1, S + CS2 and S + CS3 groups) and one group drinking water containing one concentration of dexamethasone (S + D group) (n = 6, for all groups). The lung pathology was evaluated in control, non treated and treated sensitized groups. Total and differential WBC counts of lung lavage were also examined. All pathological indices in group S showed significant increased compared to control group (p These results showed a preventive effect of the extract of C. sativus and its constituent Safranal on lung inflammation of sensitized guinea pigs. The results also showed that the effect of the plant is perhaps due to its constituent Safranal.
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the potential effect of the extract of crocus sativus and Safranal on the total and differential white blood cells of ovalbumin sensitized guinea pigs
Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2012Co-Authors: Goltaj Bayrami, Mohammad Hossein BoskabadyAbstract:Previous studies have indicated relaxant, inhibitory effect on histamine (H1) and muscarinic receptors, and stimulatory effect on β-drenoceptor of Crocus sativus on guinea pig tracheal chains. In the present study, the effect of the extract of C. sativus and one of its constituents, Safranal, on the inflammatory changes of sensitized guinea pigs was examined. Eight groups of sensitized guinea pigs to ovalbumin were studied. One group was given drinking water alone (group S), while other 7 groups were received drinking water containing; three concentrations of Safranal (4, 8 and 16 μg/ml), three concentrations of extract (0.1, 0.2 and 0.4 mg/ml) and one concentration of dexamethasone (S+D group), (six animal in each group). Total and differential white blood cell (WBC) counts in blood were evaluated. Total blood WBC number, eosinophyl and lymphocyte percentage in blood were increased, but neutrophil decreased in sensitized animals compared to those of control groups (P<0.05 to P<0.001). Treatment of animals with dexamethasone, all concentrations of the extract and Safranal significantly improved most types of WBCs but total WBC number was only decreased in treated groups with dexamethasone and high concentration of the extract compared to group S (P<0.05 to P<0.001). Safranal was more effective in the improvement of eosinophil and lymphocyte compared to the extracts (P<0.001 for both cases). However, the preventive effect of the extract of C. sativus on total WBC count was more prominent than that of the Safranal (P<0.01). These results showed a preventive effect of the extract of C. sativus and its constituent Safranal on total and differential count of WBC in blood of sensitized guinea pigs. The results also suggest that the effect of the plant is perhaps due to its constituent of Safranal.
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the effect of Safranal on histamine h 1 receptors of guinea pig tracheal chains
Fitoterapia, 2011Co-Authors: Mohammad Hossein Boskabady, Mahbobaeh Ghasemzadeh Rahbardar, Zahra JafariAbstract:The effect of three concentrations of Safranal on histamine (H(1)) receptors was tested on two groups of tracheal chains incubated with: 1) indomethacin, and 2) indomethacin, propranolol and atropine (n = 6). The EC(50) (effective concentration of histamine causing 50% of maximum response) obtained in the presence of chlorpheniramine and all concentrations of Safranal in both groups were significantly greater than those of saline (p < 0.05 to p < 0.001). The EC(50) obtained in the presence of all concentrations of Safranal and maximum response of its two higher concentrations (1.25 and 2.5 μg/mL) in group 2 were greater than in group 1 (p < 0.05 to p < 0.001).
Yaser Javadpour - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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hypotensive effect of aqueous saffron extract crocus sativus l and its constituents Safranal and crocin in normotensive and hypertensive rats
Phytotherapy Research, 2010Co-Authors: Mohsen Imenshahidi, Hossein Hosseinzadeh, Yaser JavadpourAbstract:In this study, the effects of saffron (Crocus sativus) stigma aqueous extract and two active constituents, crocin and Safranal, were investigated on blood pressure of normotensive and desoxycorticosterone acetate-induced hypertensive rats. Three doses of crocin (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg), Safranal (0.25, 0.5 and 1 mg/kg) and the aqueous extract (2.5, 5 and 10 mg/kg) were administered intravenously in different groups of normotensive and hypertensive animals and their effects on mean arterial blood pressure (MABP) and heart rate (HR) were evaluated. The aqueous extract of saffron stigma, Safranal and crocin reduced the MABP in normotensive and hypertensive anaesthetized rats in a dose-dependent manner. For example, administrations of 10 mg/kg of aqueous extract, 1 mg/kg of Safranal and 200 mg/kg of crocin caused 60 +/- 8.7, 50 +/- 5.2 and 51 +/- 3.8 mmHg reductions in MABP, respectively. It can be concluded that the aqueous extract of saffron stigma has hypotensive properties which appear to be attributable, in part, to the actions of two major constitutes of this plant, crocin and Safranal. It seems that Safranal is more important than crocin for lowering down blood pressure of rats.
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hypotensive effect of aqueous saffron extract crocus sativus l and its constituents Safranal and crocin in normotensive and hypertensive rats
Phytotherapy Research, 2009Co-Authors: Mohsen Imenshahidi, Hossein Hosseinzadeh, Yaser JavadpourAbstract:In this study, the effects of saffron (Crocus sativus) stigma aqueous extract and two active constituents, crocin and Safranal, were investigated on blood pressure of normotensive and desoxycorticosterone acetate-induced hypertensive rats. Three doses of crocin (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg), Safranal (0.25, 0.5 and 1 mg/kg) and the aqueous extract (2.5, 5 and 10 mg/kg) were administered intravenously in different groups of normotensive and hypertensive animals and their effects on mean arterial blood pressure (MABP) and heart rate (HR) were evaluated. The aqueous extract of saffron stigma, Safranal and crocin reduced the MABP in normotensive and hypertensive anaesthetized rats in a dose-dependent manner. For example, administrations of 10 mg/kg of aqueous extract, 1 mg/kg of Safranal and 200 mg/kg of crocin caused 60 ± 8.7, 50 ± 5.2 and 51 ± 3.8 mmHg reductions in MABP, respectively. It can be concluded that the aqueous extract of saffron stigma has hypotensive properties which appear to be attributable, in part, to the actions of two major constitutes of this plant, crocin and Safranal. It seems that Safranal is more important than crocin for lowering down blood pressure of rats. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Saeed Samarghandian - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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anti oxidative effects of Safranal on immobilization induced oxidative damage in rat brain
Neuroscience Letters, 2017Co-Authors: Saeed Samarghandian, Fariborz Samini, Mohsen Aziminezhad, Tahereh FarkhondehAbstract:Safranal, a major constituent of saffron, possesses antioxidant and anti-apoptotic properties showing considerable neuroprotective effects. The present study was designed to investigate the effects of Safranal against restraint stress induced oxidative damage in the rat brain. For inducing the chronic restraint stress, rats were kept in the restrainers for 1h every day, for 21 consecutive days, then, the animals received systemic administrations of vehicle (0.1% DMSO) acted as the control group or Safranal daily for 21days. Results indicated that the rats submitted to restraint stress showed an increase in the immobility time versus the non-stress rats. In addition, stress decreased number of crossing in the rats submitted to restraint stress versus the non-stress animals. Treatment with Safranal (0.75mg/kg) showed a significant reduction in the immobility time compared to the non-treated stress group, while, the treatment improved the number of crossing in rats submitted to restraint stress versus the vehicle-treated stress rats. In the stressed animals that received vehicle, the MDA level was significantly higher and the levels of GSH and antioxidant enzymes were significantly lower than the non-stressed rats. Safranal ameliorated the changes in the stressed animals as compared with the control groups. The present findings indicate that Safranal might be effective against depressant-like effects induced by chronic stress via modulating brain oxidative response.
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preventive effect of Safranal against oxidative damage in aged male rat brain
Experimental Animals, 2015Co-Authors: Saeed Samarghandian, Mohsen Aziminezhad, Fariborz SaminiAbstract:An imbalance between production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and its elimination by antioxidant defense system in the body has been implicated for causes of aging and neurodegenerative diseases. This study was design to assess the changes in activities of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), catalase), lipid peroxidation and reduced glutathione (GSH) levels in the brain of 2, 10 and 20 month old rats, and to determine the effect of Safranal on the status of selected oxidative stress indices in the 10 and 20 month old rats. The aged rats (10 and 20 months) were given intraperitoneal injections of Safranal (0.5 mg/kg day) daily for one month. The results of this study demonstrated that aging caused significant increase in the level of lipid peroxidation as well decrease in the GSH level and activities of SOD and GST in the brain of aging rats. The results of this study showed that Safranal ameliorated the increased lipid peroxidation level as well as decreased GSH content of the brain of 10 and 20 month old rats. In addition, Safranal treatment to the 20 month old rats, which restored the SOD and GST activities. In conclusion, Safranal can be effective to protect susceptible aged brain from oxidative damage by increasing antioxidant defenses.
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anti tumor activity of Safranal against neuroblastoma cells
Pharmacognosy Magazine, 2014Co-Authors: Saeed Samarghandian, Mohammad Ebrahim Shoshtari, Javad Sargolzaei, Hosna Hossinimoghadam, Jabbari Azad FarahzadAbstract:Objective: Safranal (2,6,6-trimethyl-1,3-cyclohexadiene-1-carboxaldehyde, C10H14O) is an active ingredient in the saffron, which is used in traditional medicine, and also, the biological activity of saffron in anti-cancer is in development. It has been reported to have anti-oxidant effects, but its anti-tumor effects remain uncertain. The aim of this study was to evaluate effects of Safranal on anti-tumor on neuroblastoma cells. Materials and Methods: Neuroblastoma cells were cultured and exposed to Safranal (0, 10, 15, 20, 50 μg/ml). Cell proliferation was examined using the 3-(4, 5-dimethyl thiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Apoptotic cells, cell cycle distribution, and sub-G1 fraction were analyzed using flow cytometric analysis after propidium iodide staining. Results: Safranal inhibited the growth of malignant cells in a dose-and time-dependent manner. The IC (50) values against the neuroblastoma cell line were determined as 11.1 and 23.3 μg/ml after 24 and 48 h, respectively. Safranal induced a sub-G1 peak in the flow cytometry histogram of treated cells compared to control cells indicating that apoptotic cell death is involved in Safranal toxicity. Conclusions: Our pre-clinical study demonstrated a neuroblastoma cell line to be highly sensitive to Safranal-mediated growth inhibition and apoptotic cell death. Although the molecular mechanisms of Safranal action are not yet clearly understood, it appears to have potential as a therapeutic agent.
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evaluation of lung and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid oxidative stress indices for assessing the preventing effects of Safranal on respiratory distress in diabetic rats
The Scientific World Journal, 2014Co-Authors: Saeed Samarghandian, Reza Afshari, Aghdas SadatiAbstract:We investigated the effects of antioxidant activity of Safranal, a constituent of Crocus sativus L., against lung oxidative damage in diabetic rats. The rats were divided into the following groups of 8 animals each: control, diabetic, and three diabetic + Safranal-treated (0.25, 0.50, and 0.75 mg/kg/day) groups. Streptozotocin (STZ) was injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) at a single dose of 60 mg/kg for diabetes induction. Safranal was administered (i.p.) from 3 days after STZ administration to the end of the study. At the end of the 4-week period, malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO) and reduced glutathione (GSH) contents, activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) were measured in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and lung tissue. Safranal in the diabetic groups inhibited the level of MDA and NO in BALF supernatant and lung homogenate. The median effective dose (ED50) values were 0.42, 0.58, and 0.48, 0.71 mg/kg, respectively. Safranal in the diabetic groups increased the level of GSH and the activity of CAT and SOD in BALF supernatant and lung homogenate. The ED50 values were 0.25, 0.33, 0.26 in BALF and 0.33, 0.35, 0.46 mg/kg in lung, respectively. Thus, Safranal may be effective to prevent lung distress by amelioration oxidative damage in STZ diabetic rats.
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Safranal treatment improves hyperglycemia hyperlipidemia and oxidative stress in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats
Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2013Co-Authors: Saeed Samarghandian, Abasalt Borji, Mohammad Bagher Delkhosh, Fariborz SaminiAbstract:Purpose. Clinical research has confirmed the efficacy of several plant extracts in the modulation of oxidative stress associated with diabetes mellitus. Findings indicate that Safranal has antioxidant properties. The aim of the present study was the evaluation of possible protective effects of Safranal against oxidative damage in diabetic rats. Methods. In this study, the rats were divided into the following groups of 8 animals each: control, untreated diabetic, three Safranal (0.25, 0.50, 0.75 mg/kg/day)-treated diabetic groups. Diabetes was induced by streptozotocin (STZ) in rats. STZ was injected intraperitoneally at a single dose of 60 mg/kg for diabetes induction. Safranal (intraperitoneal injection) was administered 3 days after STZ administration; these injections were continued to the end of the study (4 weeks). At the end of the 4-week period, blood was drawn for biochemical assays. In order to determine the changes of cellular antioxidant defense systems, antioxidant enzymes including glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities were measured in serum. Moreover we also measured serum nitric oxide (NO) and serum malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, a marker of lipid peroxidation. Results. STZ-induced diabetes caused an elevation ( p < 0.001) of blood glucose, MDA, NO, total lipids, triglycerides and cholesterol, with reduction of GSH level and CAT and SOD activities. The results indicated that the significant elevation in the blood glucose, MDA, NO, total lipids, triglycerides, cholesterol and reduction of glutathione level and CAT and SOD activity were ameliorated in the Safranal–treated diabetic groups compared with the untreated groups, in a dose dependent manner ( p < 0.05, p <0.01, p < 0.001). Conclusion. These results suggest that Safranal has antioxidant properties and improves chemically-induced diabetes and its complications by modulation of oxidative stress . This article is open to POST-PUBLICATION REVIEW . Registered readers (see “For Readers”) may comment by clicking on ABSTRACT on the issue’s contents page.
