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Juming Tang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Computer simulation analyses to improve radio frequency (RF) heating uniformity in dried fruits for Insect Control
    Innovative Food Science and Emerging Technologies, 2016
    Co-Authors: Bandar Alfaifi, Barbara Rasco, Shaojin Wang, Juming Tang, Shyam Sablani
    Abstract:

    In recent years, radio frequency (RF) heating has been explored as a new postharvest pest and pathogen Control procedure for agricultural commodities and dry food ingredients. Non-uniform heating and, sometimes runaway heating, have been the major challenges with implementation of this technology. In this study, an experimentally validated computer simulation model was developed to predict the effects of different package geometries, electrode configurations, and use of forced air (60 °C) on improving the heating uniformity of raisins treated with RF for Insect Control. Higher temperatures (60–76 °C) were observed in the areas between the edges and corners on the top and bottom layers of the RF treated raisins held in rectangular and cylinder shaped containers, with lower temperatures (40–52 °C) observed in the central areas of each layer. The heating uniformity was improved by rounding the corners of the containers and reducing sharp edges on the packages, modifying electrode configurations, and applying forced air after RF heating. These modifications reduced the maximum temperature difference throughout a container of heated raisins to about 5 °C. Approximately 356 min were needed to raise the raisin temperature in a rectangular container from 23 °C to 55–60 °C using only forced air at 60 °C. In contrast, only 6 min of RF heating followed by 10 min of forced air treatment at 60 °C was needed for a similar filled container to reach a temperature of 55–60 °C. Shortening the electrodes length to 4 cm shorter than the horizontal dimensions of the rectangular containers also improved heating uniformity. This technique can be easily implemented to improve the uniformity of RF heating in the food industry for the Control of Insects in packaged dried fruits. Industrial relevance The results in this study provide essential information about the non-uniform heating inside the RF heated materials packed in containers with sharp areas, edges and corners, such as rectangular and cylindrical shaped containers. Rounding the edges and corners in the containers or bending the top and bottom electrodes is key parameters to Control the electrical field inside the RF system. This technique can be easily implemented to improve the uniformity of RF heating in the food industry for the Control of Insects in packaged dried fruits.

  • industrial scale radio frequency treatments for Insect Control in walnuts i heating uniformity and energy efficiency
    Postharvest Biology and Technology, 2007
    Co-Authors: Shaojin Wang, M Monzon, J A Johnson, Elizabeth J Mitcham, Juming Tang
    Abstract:

    Conducting industrial-scale confirmatory treatments is the final step in developing commercially and environmentally sound Insect Control technologies for in-shell walnuts using radio frequency (RF) energy as an alternative to chemical fumigation. Improving heating uniformity of in-shell walnuts in the industrial process is essential to ensure Insect Control without quality degradation. An industrial-scale 27 MHz, 25 kW RF system was used to determine the heating uniformity of in-shell walnuts. Non-uniform vertical temperature distributions were measured in the RF unit, indicating that mixing and circulated hot air were needed to obtain the required treatment uniformity. Using a uniformity index derived experimentally for the RF unit, we showed that a single mixing of the walnuts was required to optimize heating uniformity. The predicted standard deviation of walnut surface temperatures was verified experimentally. The average energy efficiency of two RF units in series was estimated to be 79.5% when heating walnuts at 1561.7 kg/h. This study provided the basis for subsequent evaluations of treatment efficacy and product quality needed in developing an industrial-scale RF process to Control Insect pests in walnuts. © 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  • industrial scale radio frequency treatments for Insect Control in walnuts ii Insect mortality and product quality
    Postharvest Biology and Technology, 2007
    Co-Authors: Shaojin Wang, M Monzon, J A Johnson, Elizabeth J Mitcham, Juming Tang
    Abstract:

    This paper reports on the second part of a scaling-up study investigating the technical feasibility of using radio frequency (RF) energy in commercial postharvest Insect Control in in-shell walnuts as an alternative to chemical fumigation. A large-scale treatment for conveyorized walnuts was designed based on a 25 kW, 27 MHz RF system to achieve an average walnut surface temperature of 60 ◦ C, and minimum temperature of 52 ◦ C, for 5 min. The treatment caused 100% mortality of fifth-instar navel orangeworm larvae, the most heat tolerant target pest, in both unwashed and air-dried walnuts, and was effective over a relatively wide range of walnut moisture contents (3–7.5%). Walnut quality was not affected by the RF treatments; kernel color, peroxide values and fatty acid values of treated walnuts were similar to untreated Controls after 20 days at 35 ◦ C simulating 2 years of storage under commercial conditions at 4 ◦ C. The RF treatment slightly reduced the moisture content of the walnuts, especially the shells. The RF treatment developed in this study should also Control codling moth, Indianmeal moth and red flour beetle in in-shell walnuts. This treatment will provide an effective and environmentally friendly phytosanitary treatment technology for the walnut industry. © 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Shaojin Wang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Computer simulation analyses to improve radio frequency (RF) heating uniformity in dried fruits for Insect Control
    Innovative Food Science and Emerging Technologies, 2016
    Co-Authors: Bandar Alfaifi, Barbara Rasco, Shaojin Wang, Juming Tang, Shyam Sablani
    Abstract:

    In recent years, radio frequency (RF) heating has been explored as a new postharvest pest and pathogen Control procedure for agricultural commodities and dry food ingredients. Non-uniform heating and, sometimes runaway heating, have been the major challenges with implementation of this technology. In this study, an experimentally validated computer simulation model was developed to predict the effects of different package geometries, electrode configurations, and use of forced air (60 °C) on improving the heating uniformity of raisins treated with RF for Insect Control. Higher temperatures (60–76 °C) were observed in the areas between the edges and corners on the top and bottom layers of the RF treated raisins held in rectangular and cylinder shaped containers, with lower temperatures (40–52 °C) observed in the central areas of each layer. The heating uniformity was improved by rounding the corners of the containers and reducing sharp edges on the packages, modifying electrode configurations, and applying forced air after RF heating. These modifications reduced the maximum temperature difference throughout a container of heated raisins to about 5 °C. Approximately 356 min were needed to raise the raisin temperature in a rectangular container from 23 °C to 55–60 °C using only forced air at 60 °C. In contrast, only 6 min of RF heating followed by 10 min of forced air treatment at 60 °C was needed for a similar filled container to reach a temperature of 55–60 °C. Shortening the electrodes length to 4 cm shorter than the horizontal dimensions of the rectangular containers also improved heating uniformity. This technique can be easily implemented to improve the uniformity of RF heating in the food industry for the Control of Insects in packaged dried fruits. Industrial relevance The results in this study provide essential information about the non-uniform heating inside the RF heated materials packed in containers with sharp areas, edges and corners, such as rectangular and cylindrical shaped containers. Rounding the edges and corners in the containers or bending the top and bottom electrodes is key parameters to Control the electrical field inside the RF system. This technique can be easily implemented to improve the uniformity of RF heating in the food industry for the Control of Insects in packaged dried fruits.

  • industrial scale radio frequency treatments for Insect Control in walnuts i heating uniformity and energy efficiency
    Postharvest Biology and Technology, 2007
    Co-Authors: Shaojin Wang, M Monzon, J A Johnson, Elizabeth J Mitcham, Juming Tang
    Abstract:

    Conducting industrial-scale confirmatory treatments is the final step in developing commercially and environmentally sound Insect Control technologies for in-shell walnuts using radio frequency (RF) energy as an alternative to chemical fumigation. Improving heating uniformity of in-shell walnuts in the industrial process is essential to ensure Insect Control without quality degradation. An industrial-scale 27 MHz, 25 kW RF system was used to determine the heating uniformity of in-shell walnuts. Non-uniform vertical temperature distributions were measured in the RF unit, indicating that mixing and circulated hot air were needed to obtain the required treatment uniformity. Using a uniformity index derived experimentally for the RF unit, we showed that a single mixing of the walnuts was required to optimize heating uniformity. The predicted standard deviation of walnut surface temperatures was verified experimentally. The average energy efficiency of two RF units in series was estimated to be 79.5% when heating walnuts at 1561.7 kg/h. This study provided the basis for subsequent evaluations of treatment efficacy and product quality needed in developing an industrial-scale RF process to Control Insect pests in walnuts. © 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  • industrial scale radio frequency treatments for Insect Control in walnuts ii Insect mortality and product quality
    Postharvest Biology and Technology, 2007
    Co-Authors: Shaojin Wang, M Monzon, J A Johnson, Elizabeth J Mitcham, Juming Tang
    Abstract:

    This paper reports on the second part of a scaling-up study investigating the technical feasibility of using radio frequency (RF) energy in commercial postharvest Insect Control in in-shell walnuts as an alternative to chemical fumigation. A large-scale treatment for conveyorized walnuts was designed based on a 25 kW, 27 MHz RF system to achieve an average walnut surface temperature of 60 ◦ C, and minimum temperature of 52 ◦ C, for 5 min. The treatment caused 100% mortality of fifth-instar navel orangeworm larvae, the most heat tolerant target pest, in both unwashed and air-dried walnuts, and was effective over a relatively wide range of walnut moisture contents (3–7.5%). Walnut quality was not affected by the RF treatments; kernel color, peroxide values and fatty acid values of treated walnuts were similar to untreated Controls after 20 days at 35 ◦ C simulating 2 years of storage under commercial conditions at 4 ◦ C. The RF treatment slightly reduced the moisture content of the walnuts, especially the shells. The RF treatment developed in this study should also Control codling moth, Indianmeal moth and red flour beetle in in-shell walnuts. This treatment will provide an effective and environmentally friendly phytosanitary treatment technology for the walnut industry. © 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Elizabeth J Mitcham - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • industrial scale radio frequency treatments for Insect Control in walnuts i heating uniformity and energy efficiency
    Postharvest Biology and Technology, 2007
    Co-Authors: Shaojin Wang, M Monzon, J A Johnson, Elizabeth J Mitcham, Juming Tang
    Abstract:

    Conducting industrial-scale confirmatory treatments is the final step in developing commercially and environmentally sound Insect Control technologies for in-shell walnuts using radio frequency (RF) energy as an alternative to chemical fumigation. Improving heating uniformity of in-shell walnuts in the industrial process is essential to ensure Insect Control without quality degradation. An industrial-scale 27 MHz, 25 kW RF system was used to determine the heating uniformity of in-shell walnuts. Non-uniform vertical temperature distributions were measured in the RF unit, indicating that mixing and circulated hot air were needed to obtain the required treatment uniformity. Using a uniformity index derived experimentally for the RF unit, we showed that a single mixing of the walnuts was required to optimize heating uniformity. The predicted standard deviation of walnut surface temperatures was verified experimentally. The average energy efficiency of two RF units in series was estimated to be 79.5% when heating walnuts at 1561.7 kg/h. This study provided the basis for subsequent evaluations of treatment efficacy and product quality needed in developing an industrial-scale RF process to Control Insect pests in walnuts. © 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  • industrial scale radio frequency treatments for Insect Control in walnuts ii Insect mortality and product quality
    Postharvest Biology and Technology, 2007
    Co-Authors: Shaojin Wang, M Monzon, J A Johnson, Elizabeth J Mitcham, Juming Tang
    Abstract:

    This paper reports on the second part of a scaling-up study investigating the technical feasibility of using radio frequency (RF) energy in commercial postharvest Insect Control in in-shell walnuts as an alternative to chemical fumigation. A large-scale treatment for conveyorized walnuts was designed based on a 25 kW, 27 MHz RF system to achieve an average walnut surface temperature of 60 ◦ C, and minimum temperature of 52 ◦ C, for 5 min. The treatment caused 100% mortality of fifth-instar navel orangeworm larvae, the most heat tolerant target pest, in both unwashed and air-dried walnuts, and was effective over a relatively wide range of walnut moisture contents (3–7.5%). Walnut quality was not affected by the RF treatments; kernel color, peroxide values and fatty acid values of treated walnuts were similar to untreated Controls after 20 days at 35 ◦ C simulating 2 years of storage under commercial conditions at 4 ◦ C. The RF treatment slightly reduced the moisture content of the walnuts, especially the shells. The RF treatment developed in this study should also Control codling moth, Indianmeal moth and red flour beetle in in-shell walnuts. This treatment will provide an effective and environmentally friendly phytosanitary treatment technology for the walnut industry. © 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

J A Johnson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • industrial scale radio frequency treatments for Insect Control in walnuts i heating uniformity and energy efficiency
    Postharvest Biology and Technology, 2007
    Co-Authors: Shaojin Wang, M Monzon, J A Johnson, Elizabeth J Mitcham, Juming Tang
    Abstract:

    Conducting industrial-scale confirmatory treatments is the final step in developing commercially and environmentally sound Insect Control technologies for in-shell walnuts using radio frequency (RF) energy as an alternative to chemical fumigation. Improving heating uniformity of in-shell walnuts in the industrial process is essential to ensure Insect Control without quality degradation. An industrial-scale 27 MHz, 25 kW RF system was used to determine the heating uniformity of in-shell walnuts. Non-uniform vertical temperature distributions were measured in the RF unit, indicating that mixing and circulated hot air were needed to obtain the required treatment uniformity. Using a uniformity index derived experimentally for the RF unit, we showed that a single mixing of the walnuts was required to optimize heating uniformity. The predicted standard deviation of walnut surface temperatures was verified experimentally. The average energy efficiency of two RF units in series was estimated to be 79.5% when heating walnuts at 1561.7 kg/h. This study provided the basis for subsequent evaluations of treatment efficacy and product quality needed in developing an industrial-scale RF process to Control Insect pests in walnuts. © 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  • industrial scale radio frequency treatments for Insect Control in walnuts ii Insect mortality and product quality
    Postharvest Biology and Technology, 2007
    Co-Authors: Shaojin Wang, M Monzon, J A Johnson, Elizabeth J Mitcham, Juming Tang
    Abstract:

    This paper reports on the second part of a scaling-up study investigating the technical feasibility of using radio frequency (RF) energy in commercial postharvest Insect Control in in-shell walnuts as an alternative to chemical fumigation. A large-scale treatment for conveyorized walnuts was designed based on a 25 kW, 27 MHz RF system to achieve an average walnut surface temperature of 60 ◦ C, and minimum temperature of 52 ◦ C, for 5 min. The treatment caused 100% mortality of fifth-instar navel orangeworm larvae, the most heat tolerant target pest, in both unwashed and air-dried walnuts, and was effective over a relatively wide range of walnut moisture contents (3–7.5%). Walnut quality was not affected by the RF treatments; kernel color, peroxide values and fatty acid values of treated walnuts were similar to untreated Controls after 20 days at 35 ◦ C simulating 2 years of storage under commercial conditions at 4 ◦ C. The RF treatment slightly reduced the moisture content of the walnuts, especially the shells. The RF treatment developed in this study should also Control codling moth, Indianmeal moth and red flour beetle in in-shell walnuts. This treatment will provide an effective and environmentally friendly phytosanitary treatment technology for the walnut industry. © 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

M Monzon - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • industrial scale radio frequency treatments for Insect Control in walnuts i heating uniformity and energy efficiency
    Postharvest Biology and Technology, 2007
    Co-Authors: Shaojin Wang, M Monzon, J A Johnson, Elizabeth J Mitcham, Juming Tang
    Abstract:

    Conducting industrial-scale confirmatory treatments is the final step in developing commercially and environmentally sound Insect Control technologies for in-shell walnuts using radio frequency (RF) energy as an alternative to chemical fumigation. Improving heating uniformity of in-shell walnuts in the industrial process is essential to ensure Insect Control without quality degradation. An industrial-scale 27 MHz, 25 kW RF system was used to determine the heating uniformity of in-shell walnuts. Non-uniform vertical temperature distributions were measured in the RF unit, indicating that mixing and circulated hot air were needed to obtain the required treatment uniformity. Using a uniformity index derived experimentally for the RF unit, we showed that a single mixing of the walnuts was required to optimize heating uniformity. The predicted standard deviation of walnut surface temperatures was verified experimentally. The average energy efficiency of two RF units in series was estimated to be 79.5% when heating walnuts at 1561.7 kg/h. This study provided the basis for subsequent evaluations of treatment efficacy and product quality needed in developing an industrial-scale RF process to Control Insect pests in walnuts. © 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  • industrial scale radio frequency treatments for Insect Control in walnuts ii Insect mortality and product quality
    Postharvest Biology and Technology, 2007
    Co-Authors: Shaojin Wang, M Monzon, J A Johnson, Elizabeth J Mitcham, Juming Tang
    Abstract:

    This paper reports on the second part of a scaling-up study investigating the technical feasibility of using radio frequency (RF) energy in commercial postharvest Insect Control in in-shell walnuts as an alternative to chemical fumigation. A large-scale treatment for conveyorized walnuts was designed based on a 25 kW, 27 MHz RF system to achieve an average walnut surface temperature of 60 ◦ C, and minimum temperature of 52 ◦ C, for 5 min. The treatment caused 100% mortality of fifth-instar navel orangeworm larvae, the most heat tolerant target pest, in both unwashed and air-dried walnuts, and was effective over a relatively wide range of walnut moisture contents (3–7.5%). Walnut quality was not affected by the RF treatments; kernel color, peroxide values and fatty acid values of treated walnuts were similar to untreated Controls after 20 days at 35 ◦ C simulating 2 years of storage under commercial conditions at 4 ◦ C. The RF treatment slightly reduced the moisture content of the walnuts, especially the shells. The RF treatment developed in this study should also Control codling moth, Indianmeal moth and red flour beetle in in-shell walnuts. This treatment will provide an effective and environmentally friendly phytosanitary treatment technology for the walnut industry. © 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.