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Leonardo De La Fuente - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • natural competence of xylella fastidiosa occurs at a high frequency inside microfluidic chambers mimicking the bacterium s natural habitats
    Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 2016
    Co-Authors: Prem P Kandel, Samantha M Lopez, Rodrigo P P Almeida, Leonardo De La Fuente
    Abstract:

    Xylella fastidiosa is a xylem-limited bacterium that is the causal agent of emerging diseases in a number of economically important crops. Genetic diversity studies have demonstrated homologous recombination occurring among X. fastidiosa strains, which has been proposed to contribute to host plant shifts. Moreover, experimental evidence confirmed that X. fastidiosa is naturally competent for recombination in vitro Here, as an approximation of natural habitats (plant xylem vessels and Insect Mouthparts), recombination was studied in microfluidic chambers (MCs) filled with media amended with grapevine xylem sap. First, different media were screened for recombination in solid agar plates using a pair of X. fastidiosa strains that were previously reported to recombine in coculture. The highest frequency of recombination was obtained with PD3 medium, compared to those with the other two media (X. fastidiosa medium [XFM] and periwinkle wilt [PW] medium) used in previous studies. Dissection of the media components led to the identification of bovine serum albumin as an inhibitor of recombination that was correlated to its previously known effect on inhibition of twitching motility. When recombination was performed in liquid culture, the frequencies were significantly higher under flow conditions (MCs) than under batch conditions (test tubes). The recombination frequencies in MCs and agar plates were not significantly different from each other. Grapevine xylem sap from both susceptible and tolerant varieties allowed high recombination frequency in MCs when mixed with PD3. These results suggest that X. fastidiosa has the ability to be naturally competent in the natural growth environment of liquid flow, and this phenomenon could have implications in X. fastidiosa environmental adaptation.Xylella fastidiosa is a plant pathogen that lives inside xylem vessels (where water and nutrients are transported inside the plant) and the Mouthparts of Insect vectors. This bacterium causes emerging diseases in various crops worldwide, including recent outbreaks in Europe. The mechanisms by which this bacterium adapts to new hosts is not understood, but it was previously shown that it is naturally competent, meaning that it can take up DNA from the environment and incorporate it into its genome (recombination). In this study, we show that the frequency of recombination is highest when the bacterium is grown under flow conditions in microfluidic chambers modeled after its natural habitats, and recombination was still high when the medium was amended with grapevine sap. Our results suggest that this bacterium is able to recombine when growing inside plants or Insects, and this can be a mechanism of adaptation of this pathogen that causes incurable diseases.

Conrad C. Labandeira - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • The Fossil Record of Insect Mouthparts: Innovation, Functional Convergence, and Associations with Other Organisms
    Insect Mouthparts, 2019
    Co-Authors: Conrad C. Labandeira
    Abstract:

    The Mouthparts of Insects are a phenomenal example of a multi-element, modular, feeding apparatus that repeatedly has been modified structurally to perform every feeding function imaginable in the terrestrial and freshwater realms, a process that began in the Early Devonian. Insect Mouthparts have been structured to chew, pierce and suck, siphon, lap, sponge, bore, and mine on and within a wide variety of tissues, as well as filter, sieve, and collect particulate food such as plankton and pollen. Thirty-seven fundamental mouthpart classes perform these roles in the modern and fossil record, a result that has been expanded somewhat from earlier, phenetic cluster analyses of modern Insect Mouthparts. A broad survey of fossil Insect Mouthparts, in conjunction with the phenetic mouthpart analysis, revealed patterns of mouthpart innovation occurring in bursts of cladogenesis separated from intervals of rather static mouthpart morphology. For the Paleozoic Era, based on direct (body fossil) and indirect (trace fossil) evidence, and commencing during the Devonian Period, the four earliest mouthpart classes were present, accounting for 11.4% of all mouthpart classes in the fossil record. In the succeeding Mississippian Subperiod, no Mouthparts are documented; the four Mouthparts from the Devonian continue into the succeeding Pennsylvanian Subperiod. During Pennsylvanian time, there was a spectacular burst of new mouthpart classes, coincident with the appearance of approximately 15 major Insect lineages. By the end of the period, 29.7% of all Insect classes had appeared. The following Permian Period added another seven mouthpart classes, particularly those from early hemimetabolous and holometabolous lineages, resulting in 48.6% of all mouthpart classes present. The profound ecological crisis at the end of the Permian notably saw the near extirpation of only one mouthpart class, the Robust Beak of piercing-and-sucking paleodictyopteroid Insects, which eventually was extinguished sometime during the ensuing Triassic Period. For the Mesozoic Era, the Triassic Period added another seven mouthpart classes, particularly involving aquatic naiads and larvae, and early dipteran Mouthparts, resulting in 67.6% of all mouthpart classes at the end of the period. During the Jurassic, the Mesozoic Lacustrine Revolution had begun, reaching a peak in the invasion of freshwater ecosystems that commenced during the Late Triassic, but undergoing a major diversification of Mouthparts in terrestrial lineages, resulting in 83.3% of all mouthpart classes present, notably before the ecological expansion of angiosperms in the subsequent Early Cretaceous. The Jurassic also was a time for the origin and initial innovation of mouthpart design in early Siphonaptera, and a largely parallel diversification event among hematophagous Diptera; both processes continued into the Early Cretaceous. The Cretaceous Period exhibits a considerable diversity in compression deposits and especially amber deposits, preserving relict lineages that bore Mouthparts at a Permian and Triassic stage of evolution as well as new lineages with bizarre mouthpart structures that are difficult to place among existing mouthpart classes. During the Cretaceous, three new Mouthparts classes are added, yielding 97.1% of all Mouthparts at the end of the period. For the Cenozoic Era, no mouthpart classes are added during the Paleogene Period, and only one mouthpart class, lacking a fossil record, is added during the Neogene Period. During this time, there is modification and expansion of mouthpart classes established during the mid Mesozoic and the development of special mouthpart elements involved in leaf mining, blood feeding, and pollination.

  • the case of darwinylus marcosi Insecta coleoptera oedemeridae a cretaceous shift from a gymnosperm to an angiosperm pollinator mutualism
    Communicative & Integrative Biology, 2017
    Co-Authors: David Peris, Conrad C. Labandeira, Enrique Penalver, Xavier Delclos, Eduardo Barron, Ricardo Perezde La Fuente
    Abstract:

    ABSTRACTAbundant gymnosperm pollen grains associated with the oedemerid beetle Darwinylus marcosi Peris, 2016 were found in Early Cretaceous amber from Spain. This discovery provides confirmatory evidence for a pollination mutualism during the mid Mesozoic for the family Oedemeridae (Coleoptera), which today is known to pollinate only angiosperms. As a result, this new record documents a lateral host-plant transfer from an earlier gymnosperm to a later angiosperm, indicating that pollination of the latter is a derived condition within Oedemeridae. This new fossil record exemplifies one of the 4 ecological-evolutionary pollinator cohorts now known to have existed during the global shift from a gymnosperm to an angiosperm dominated global flora. Currently, all direct evidence for pollination during the 35 million-year interval of the mid Cretaceous gymnosperm-to-angiosperm transition entails recognition of gymnosperm pollen grains on Insect Mouthparts and other body contact surfaces, while analogous records...

  • The case of Darwinylus marcosi (Insecta: Coleoptera: Oedemeridae): A Cretaceous shift from a gymnosperm to an angiosperm pollinator mutualism
    'Informa UK Limited', 2017
    Co-Authors: Peris D, Conrad C. Labandeira, Peñalver E, Delclòs X, Barrón E, Pérez-de La Fuente, R
    Abstract:

    Abundant gymnosperm pollen grains associated with the oedemerid beetle Darwinylus marcosi Peris, 2016 were found in Early Cretaceous amber from Spain. This discovery provides confirmatory evidence for a pollination mutualism during the mid Mesozoic for the family Oedemeridae (Coleoptera), which today is known to pollinate only angiosperms. As a result, this new record documents a lateral host-plant transfer from an earlier gymnosperm to a later angiosperm, indicating that pollination of the latter is a derived condition within Oedemeridae. This new fossil record exemplifies one of the 4 ecological-evolutionary pollinator cohorts now known to have existed during the global shift from a gymnosperm to an angiosperm dominated global flora. Currently, all direct evidence for pollination during the 35 million-year interval of the mid Cretaceous gymnosperm-to-angiosperm transition entails recognition of gymnosperm pollen grains on Insect Mouthparts and other body contact surfaces, while analogous records involving angiosperms are lacking. The gathering evidence indicates that angiosperm pollination was preceded by at least 4 gymnosperm pollination modes that served as a functional and ecological prelude to the rise and expansion of angiosperms

  • Insect Mouthparts: Ascertaining the Paleobiology of Insect Feeding Strategies
    Annual Review of Ecology Evolution and Systematics, 1997
    Co-Authors: Conrad C. Labandeira
    Abstract:

    ▪ Abstract One of the most intensively examined and abundantly documented structures in the animal world is Insect Mouthparts. Major structural types of extant Insect Mouthparts are extensive, consisting of diverse variations in element structure within each of the five mouthpart regions—labrum, hypopharynx, mandibles, maxillae, and labium. Numerous instances of multielement fusion both within and among mouthpart regions result in feeding organs capable of ingesting in diverse ways foods that are solid, particulate, and liquid in form. Mouthpart types have a retrievable and interpretable fossil history in well-preserved Insect deposits. In addition, the trace-fossil record of Insect-mediated plant damage, gut contents, coprolites, and Insect-relevant floral features provides complementary data documenting the evolution of feeding strategies during the past 400 million years. From a cluster analysis of Insect Mouthparts, I recognize 34 fundamental mouthpart classes among extant Insects and their geochronol...

Prem P Kandel - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • natural competence of xylella fastidiosa occurs at a high frequency inside microfluidic chambers mimicking the bacterium s natural habitats
    Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 2016
    Co-Authors: Prem P Kandel, Samantha M Lopez, Rodrigo P P Almeida, Leonardo De La Fuente
    Abstract:

    Xylella fastidiosa is a xylem-limited bacterium that is the causal agent of emerging diseases in a number of economically important crops. Genetic diversity studies have demonstrated homologous recombination occurring among X. fastidiosa strains, which has been proposed to contribute to host plant shifts. Moreover, experimental evidence confirmed that X. fastidiosa is naturally competent for recombination in vitro Here, as an approximation of natural habitats (plant xylem vessels and Insect Mouthparts), recombination was studied in microfluidic chambers (MCs) filled with media amended with grapevine xylem sap. First, different media were screened for recombination in solid agar plates using a pair of X. fastidiosa strains that were previously reported to recombine in coculture. The highest frequency of recombination was obtained with PD3 medium, compared to those with the other two media (X. fastidiosa medium [XFM] and periwinkle wilt [PW] medium) used in previous studies. Dissection of the media components led to the identification of bovine serum albumin as an inhibitor of recombination that was correlated to its previously known effect on inhibition of twitching motility. When recombination was performed in liquid culture, the frequencies were significantly higher under flow conditions (MCs) than under batch conditions (test tubes). The recombination frequencies in MCs and agar plates were not significantly different from each other. Grapevine xylem sap from both susceptible and tolerant varieties allowed high recombination frequency in MCs when mixed with PD3. These results suggest that X. fastidiosa has the ability to be naturally competent in the natural growth environment of liquid flow, and this phenomenon could have implications in X. fastidiosa environmental adaptation.Xylella fastidiosa is a plant pathogen that lives inside xylem vessels (where water and nutrients are transported inside the plant) and the Mouthparts of Insect vectors. This bacterium causes emerging diseases in various crops worldwide, including recent outbreaks in Europe. The mechanisms by which this bacterium adapts to new hosts is not understood, but it was previously shown that it is naturally competent, meaning that it can take up DNA from the environment and incorporate it into its genome (recombination). In this study, we show that the frequency of recombination is highest when the bacterium is grown under flow conditions in microfluidic chambers modeled after its natural habitats, and recombination was still high when the medium was amended with grapevine sap. Our results suggest that this bacterium is able to recombine when growing inside plants or Insects, and this can be a mechanism of adaptation of this pathogen that causes incurable diseases.

Ricardo Perezde La Fuente - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • the case of darwinylus marcosi Insecta coleoptera oedemeridae a cretaceous shift from a gymnosperm to an angiosperm pollinator mutualism
    Communicative & Integrative Biology, 2017
    Co-Authors: David Peris, Conrad C. Labandeira, Enrique Penalver, Xavier Delclos, Eduardo Barron, Ricardo Perezde La Fuente
    Abstract:

    ABSTRACTAbundant gymnosperm pollen grains associated with the oedemerid beetle Darwinylus marcosi Peris, 2016 were found in Early Cretaceous amber from Spain. This discovery provides confirmatory evidence for a pollination mutualism during the mid Mesozoic for the family Oedemeridae (Coleoptera), which today is known to pollinate only angiosperms. As a result, this new record documents a lateral host-plant transfer from an earlier gymnosperm to a later angiosperm, indicating that pollination of the latter is a derived condition within Oedemeridae. This new fossil record exemplifies one of the 4 ecological-evolutionary pollinator cohorts now known to have existed during the global shift from a gymnosperm to an angiosperm dominated global flora. Currently, all direct evidence for pollination during the 35 million-year interval of the mid Cretaceous gymnosperm-to-angiosperm transition entails recognition of gymnosperm pollen grains on Insect Mouthparts and other body contact surfaces, while analogous records...

Rodrigo P P Almeida - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • natural competence of xylella fastidiosa occurs at a high frequency inside microfluidic chambers mimicking the bacterium s natural habitats
    Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 2016
    Co-Authors: Prem P Kandel, Samantha M Lopez, Rodrigo P P Almeida, Leonardo De La Fuente
    Abstract:

    Xylella fastidiosa is a xylem-limited bacterium that is the causal agent of emerging diseases in a number of economically important crops. Genetic diversity studies have demonstrated homologous recombination occurring among X. fastidiosa strains, which has been proposed to contribute to host plant shifts. Moreover, experimental evidence confirmed that X. fastidiosa is naturally competent for recombination in vitro Here, as an approximation of natural habitats (plant xylem vessels and Insect Mouthparts), recombination was studied in microfluidic chambers (MCs) filled with media amended with grapevine xylem sap. First, different media were screened for recombination in solid agar plates using a pair of X. fastidiosa strains that were previously reported to recombine in coculture. The highest frequency of recombination was obtained with PD3 medium, compared to those with the other two media (X. fastidiosa medium [XFM] and periwinkle wilt [PW] medium) used in previous studies. Dissection of the media components led to the identification of bovine serum albumin as an inhibitor of recombination that was correlated to its previously known effect on inhibition of twitching motility. When recombination was performed in liquid culture, the frequencies were significantly higher under flow conditions (MCs) than under batch conditions (test tubes). The recombination frequencies in MCs and agar plates were not significantly different from each other. Grapevine xylem sap from both susceptible and tolerant varieties allowed high recombination frequency in MCs when mixed with PD3. These results suggest that X. fastidiosa has the ability to be naturally competent in the natural growth environment of liquid flow, and this phenomenon could have implications in X. fastidiosa environmental adaptation.Xylella fastidiosa is a plant pathogen that lives inside xylem vessels (where water and nutrients are transported inside the plant) and the Mouthparts of Insect vectors. This bacterium causes emerging diseases in various crops worldwide, including recent outbreaks in Europe. The mechanisms by which this bacterium adapts to new hosts is not understood, but it was previously shown that it is naturally competent, meaning that it can take up DNA from the environment and incorporate it into its genome (recombination). In this study, we show that the frequency of recombination is highest when the bacterium is grown under flow conditions in microfluidic chambers modeled after its natural habitats, and recombination was still high when the medium was amended with grapevine sap. Our results suggest that this bacterium is able to recombine when growing inside plants or Insects, and this can be a mechanism of adaptation of this pathogen that causes incurable diseases.

  • Natural Competence of Xylella fastidiosa Occurs at a High Frequency Inside Microfluidic Chambers Mimicking the Bacterium's Natural Habitats.
    eScholarship University of California, 2016
    Co-Authors: Kandel, Prem P, Rodrigo P P Almeida, Lopez, Samantha M, De La Fuente, Leonardo
    Abstract:

    UnlabelledXylella fastidiosa is a xylem-limited bacterium that is the causal agent of emerging diseases in a number of economically important crops. Genetic diversity studies have demonstrated homologous recombination occurring among X. fastidiosa strains, which has been proposed to contribute to host plant shifts. Moreover, experimental evidence confirmed that X. fastidiosa is naturally competent for recombination in vitro Here, as an approximation of natural habitats (plant xylem vessels and Insect Mouthparts), recombination was studied in microfluidic chambers (MCs) filled with media amended with grapevine xylem sap. First, different media were screened for recombination in solid agar plates using a pair of X. fastidiosa strains that were previously reported to recombine in coculture. The highest frequency of recombination was obtained with PD3 medium, compared to those with the other two media (X. fastidiosa medium [XFM] and periwinkle wilt [PW] medium) used in previous studies. Dissection of the media components led to the identification of bovine serum albumin as an inhibitor of recombination that was correlated to its previously known effect on inhibition of twitching motility. When recombination was performed in liquid culture, the frequencies were significantly higher under flow conditions (MCs) than under batch conditions (test tubes). The recombination frequencies in MCs and agar plates were not significantly different from each other. Grapevine xylem sap from both susceptible and tolerant varieties allowed high recombination frequency in MCs when mixed with PD3. These results suggest that X. fastidiosa has the ability to be naturally competent in the natural growth environment of liquid flow, and this phenomenon could have implications in X. fastidiosa environmental adaptation.ImportanceXylella fastidiosa is a plant pathogen that lives inside xylem vessels (where water and nutrients are transported inside the plant) and the Mouthparts of Insect vectors. This bacterium causes emerging diseases in various crops worldwide, including recent outbreaks in Europe. The mechanisms by which this bacterium adapts to new hosts is not understood, but it was previously shown that it is naturally competent, meaning that it can take up DNA from the environment and incorporate it into its genome (recombination). In this study, we show that the frequency of recombination is highest when the bacterium is grown under flow conditions in microfluidic chambers modeled after its natural habitats, and recombination was still high when the medium was amended with grapevine sap. Our results suggest that this bacterium is able to recombine when growing inside plants or Insects, and this can be a mechanism of adaptation of this pathogen that causes incurable diseases