The Experts below are selected from a list of 75 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Steve Qualman - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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can the histologic changes of cystic fibrosis associated hepatobiliary disease be predicted by clinical criteria
Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, 1997Co-Authors: Carol Potter, Mark Fishbein, Sue Hammond, Karen Mccoy, Steve QualmanAbstract:Background: Correlation between clinical parameters and histology changes in cystic fibrosis liver disease has not been documented. The purpose of this study was to determine the histologic spectrum of cystic fibrosis liver disease and the degree to which a clinical scoring system can identify subjects with significant histologic abnormalities. Methods: We reviewed the predictive value of physical examination, biochemical parameters, and a clinical liver score, incorporating physical examination and biochemical parameters, in predicting significant abnormalities of liver histology in 43 cystic fibrosis patients who underwent hepatic biopsy. Biopsies were scored by two masked pathologists for fibrosis, inflammation, Inspissation, fatty infiltration, and congestion. Results: Significant histologic disease was present in 56% of patients despite little biochemical or physical examination evidence of disease. No single parameter used in the scoring system predicted the type or degree of the liver disease. The clinical liver score had a sensitivity of 85% and a specificity of 82% in predicting significant histologic changes, yet it was unable to predict the specific lesion. Conclusions: Significant histologic liver disease is common in cystic fibrosis, although the exact nature of the lesion cannot be predicted without liver biopsy. A clinical liver score that was developed for this may be useful in determining which patients require more definitive evaluation.
Georgios S. Amiridis - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Experimentally induced orchitis associated with Arcanobacterium pyogenes: clinical, ultrasonographic, seminological and pathological features.
Theriogenology, 2004Co-Authors: P.g. Gouletsou, Peter J. Cripps, T. Lainas, George C. Fthenakis, Nikolaos Papaioannou, Dimitra Psalla, Georgios S. AmiridisAbstract:Abstract The objectives of this study were to describe the features of experimentally induced orchitis associated with Arcanobacterium pyogenes and confirm the pathogenicity of the organism for the ovine testicle. One testicle of each of nine rams was inoculated with 1.3×104 colony-forming-units of an A. pyogenes isolate and regular clinical, ultrasonographic, bacteriological and seminological examinations were carried out up to 204 days after challenge. The rams were sequentially euthanatised 3, 6, 9, 18, 30, 50, 71, 113 and 204 days after challenge and a gross- and histopathological examination of their testicles was performed. All rams developed clinical orchitis and general signs. The initial ultrasonographic findings were changes of size and echogenicity of the genitalia, whilst in the long-standing phase they were wider appearance of the mediastinum testis, presence of hyperechogenic foci, changes of echogenicity of the genitalia and increased echogenicity of the scrotum and tunics. The following changes in semen evaluation parametres were recorded: the pH, the percentage of dead sperms, the percentage of abnormal sperms and the number of nonsperm round cells increased, whilst the mass motility, the individual motility and the sperm concentration decreased; the following sperm defects were observed: misshapen or piriform heads, sperms with coiled tails, sperms without tail and sperms with proximal cytoplasmic droplet; at the early stages neutrophils were the prevailing nonsperm round cell type, later the proportion of immature germ cells increased and in the long-standing phase there were enlogated spermatids and leucocytes; it is noteworthy that semen evaluation parametres were restored to normal at the late stages of the disease. A. pyogenes was consistently isolated from the semen samples after challenge, as well as from the dissected genitalia. The salient post-mortem findings were: initially, subcutaneous oedema, fluid into the vaginal cavity, congested and distended vessels, increased size of the genitalia and a hard dark area inside the testicles; subsequently, there were changes of size of the genitalia, thickening of scrotum and tunics and presence of fibrin on the testicular surface; in the long-standing phase of the disorder, there were induration of scrotum and tunics with adhesion between the tunics and discolouration of the surface of the genitalia. The prominent histopathological changes were observed in the inoculated testicles; milder changes were seen in the respective epididymides; interstitial oedema, diffuse neutrophilic infiltration and extravasation were observed in the early stages after challenge; lymphocytic infiltration with concurrent fibrosis, mineralization and Inspissation of the tubular elements of the seminiferous tubules and presence of vacuolated Sertoli cells were seen later; finally, regeneration of the epithelium and presence of Sertoli cells and spermatogonia with various degrees of spermatogenic activity were evident. These findings, allied to the isolation of A. pyogenes from field cases of ovine orchitis, provide clear evidence that A. pyogenes is pathogenic for the ovine genitalia; however, the mechanisms of transition of the organism from commensal to pathogenic state are not clear. It is also noteworthy that some degree of fertility was restored in the late stages of the disorder. Ultrasonography appeared to be useful for the diagnosis of intra-scrotal abnormalities, especially during investigation of the long-standing stage of the disease, after clinical findings have subsided.
Amiridis G. S. - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Experimentally induced orchitis associated with Arcanobacterium pyogenes: clinical, ultrasonographic, seminological and pathological features
'Elsevier BV', 2004Co-Authors: Gouletsou P. G., Fthenakis G. C., Cripps P. J., Papaioannou N., Lainas T., Psalla D., Amiridis G. S.Abstract:The objectives of this study were to describe the features of experimentally induced orchitis associated with Arcanobacterium pyogenes and confirm the pathogenicity of the organism for the ovine testicle. One testicle of each of nine rams was inoculated with 1.3 x 10(4) colony-forming-units of an A. pyogenes isolate and regular clinical, ultrasonographic, bacteriological and seminological examinations were carried out up to 204 days after challenge. The rams were sequentially euthanatised 3, 6, 9, 18, 30, 50, 71, 113 and 204 days after challenge and a gross- and histopathological examination of their testicles was performed. All rams developed clinical orchitis and general signs. The initial ultrasonographic findings were changes of size and echogenicity of the genitalia, whilst in the long-standing phase they were wider appearance of the mediastinum testis, presence of hyperechogenic foci, changes of echogenicity of the genitalia and increased echogenicity of the scrotum and tunics. The following changes in semen evaluation parametres were recorded: the pH, the percentage of dead sperms, the percentage of abnormal sperms and the number of nonsperm round cells increased, whilst the mass motility, the individual motility and the sperm concentration decreased; the following sperm defects were observed: misshapen or piriform heads, sperms with coiled tails, sperms without tail and sperms with proximal cytoplasmic droplet; at the early stages neutrophils were the prevailing nonsperm round cell type, later the proportion of immature germ cells increased and in the long-standing phase there were enlogated spermatids and leucocytes; it is noteworthy that semen evaluation parametres were restored to normal at the late stages of the disease. A. pyogenes was consistently isolated from the semen samples after challenge, as well as from the dissected genitalia. The salient post-mortem findings were: initially, subcutaneous oedema, fluid into the vaginal cavity, congested and distended vessels, increased size of the genitalia and a hard dark area inside the testicles; subsequently, there were changes of size of the genitalia, thickening of scrotum and tunics and presence of fibrin on the testicular surface; in the long-standing phase of the disorder, there were induration of scrotum and tunics with adhesion between the tunics and discolouration of the surface of the genitalia. The prominent histopathological changes were observed in the inoculated testicles; milder changes were seen in the respective epididymides; interstitial oedema, diffuse neutrophilic infiltration and extravasation were observed in the early stages after challenge; lymphocytic infiltration with concurrent fibrosis, mineralization and Inspissation of the tubular elements of the seminiferous tubules and presence of vacuolated Sertoli cells were seen later; finally, regeneration of the epithelium and presence of Sertoli cells and spermatogonia with various degrees of spermatogenic activity were evident. These findings, allied to the isolation of A. pyogenes from field cases of ovine orchitis, provide clear evidence that A. pyogenes is pathogenic for the ovine genitalia; however, the mechanisms of transition of the organism from commensal to pathogenic state are not clear. It is also noteworthy that some degree of fertility was restored in the late stages of the disorder. Ultrasonography appeared to be useful for the diagnosis of intra-scrotal abnormalities, especially during investigation of the long-standing stage of the disease, after clinical findings have subsided. (c) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved
Carol Potter - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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can the histologic changes of cystic fibrosis associated hepatobiliary disease be predicted by clinical criteria
Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, 1997Co-Authors: Carol Potter, Mark Fishbein, Sue Hammond, Karen Mccoy, Steve QualmanAbstract:Background: Correlation between clinical parameters and histology changes in cystic fibrosis liver disease has not been documented. The purpose of this study was to determine the histologic spectrum of cystic fibrosis liver disease and the degree to which a clinical scoring system can identify subjects with significant histologic abnormalities. Methods: We reviewed the predictive value of physical examination, biochemical parameters, and a clinical liver score, incorporating physical examination and biochemical parameters, in predicting significant abnormalities of liver histology in 43 cystic fibrosis patients who underwent hepatic biopsy. Biopsies were scored by two masked pathologists for fibrosis, inflammation, Inspissation, fatty infiltration, and congestion. Results: Significant histologic disease was present in 56% of patients despite little biochemical or physical examination evidence of disease. No single parameter used in the scoring system predicted the type or degree of the liver disease. The clinical liver score had a sensitivity of 85% and a specificity of 82% in predicting significant histologic changes, yet it was unable to predict the specific lesion. Conclusions: Significant histologic liver disease is common in cystic fibrosis, although the exact nature of the lesion cannot be predicted without liver biopsy. A clinical liver score that was developed for this may be useful in determining which patients require more definitive evaluation.
Chantal Housset - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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bile acid transport and regulating functions in the human biliary epithelium
Hepatology, 2001Co-Authors: Nicolas Chignard, Martine Mergey, D Veissiere, Rolland Parc, Jacqueline Capeau, Raoul Poupon, Annick Paul, Chantal HoussetAbstract:Whether bile acids regulate biliary epithelial cell (BEC) secretory functions in human is poorly known. The purpose of the study was to determine if human gallbladder-derived BEC exhibit bile acid transport activity that affect their secretory functions and to evaluate the influence of bile acid hydrophobicity in this response by comparing the effects of tauroursodeoxycholate (TUDC) and of taurochenodeoxycholate (TCDC). Expression of the apical sodium-dependent bile acid transporter (ASBT) and of the organic anion transporting polypeptide (OATP-A) was detected and associated with sodium-dependent and sodium-independent [3H]taurocholate uptake in BEC. Sodium-dependent uptake (Km, 66 ± 2.5 μmol/L; Vmax, 39.4 ± 4.6 pmol/mg protein/min) was significantly higher than sodium-independent uptake. TCDC stimulated Cl− efflux and mucin secretion in cultured cells, and both effects were sodium-dependent. Both TCDC and TUDC were efficiently transported in BEC, as assessed by competitive uptake experiments. However, as compared with TCDC, TUDC induced significantly lower mucin secretion whereas there was no significant difference between TCDC- and TUDC-induced chloride efflux. Protein kinase C down-regulation caused a 70% reduction in TUDC-induced mucin secretion, but did not affect TCDC-induced secretion, which was mediated predominantly by Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II activation. These results provide evidence that bile acids may be transported mainly via ASBT in human gallbladder BEC and stimulate hydroelectrolytic and mucin secretion in these cells. Individual bile acids activate different signaling pathways leading to a different balance between mucin and chloride secretion. The differential effect of TUDC may cause a reduction in bile Inspissation and provide a benefit in biliary disorders. (HEPATOLOGY 2001;33:496-503.)