The Experts below are selected from a list of 321 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Cong Cao - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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china s innovation policies evolution Institutional Structure and trajectory
Research Policy, 2011Co-Authors: Feng Chao Liu, Denis Fred Simon, Yutao Sun, Cong CaoAbstract:Abstract China has transformed itself from a planning to a market-oriented economy over the past three decades and has sustained a fairly long period of rapid economic growth, to which the contributions from innovation in science and technology (S&T) have become increasingly important. Then, how have China's innovation policies evolved to reflect the changing and supposedly better understanding of innovation by China's policy makers? The paper tries to answer this question through a quantitative analysis of 287 policies issued by China's central government agencies between 1980 and 2005 and of 79 policies introduced between 2006 and 2008 to implement the Medium- and Long-Term Plan for the Development of Science and Technology (2006–2020) . China has shifted its S&T and industrial policy-centered innovation strategy and has pursued a series of better coordinated, innovation-oriented economic and technology initiatives that give greater attention to a portfolio of policies that include critical financial, tax, and fiscal measures. There has been a gradual departure from the pattern in which innovation policies are formulated by one single government agency, therefore steering China to a different and probably more promising innovation trajectory.
William P. Wan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Political Institutional Structure influences on innovative activity
Journal of Business Research, 2013Co-Authors: J. Christian Broberg, Alexander Mckelvie, Jeremy C. Short, David J. Ketchen, William P. WanAbstract:Abstract This study draws upon previous research on political institutions to examine country-level measures of innovative activity over a ten-year period within 24 developed nations. Investigating the relationship between political Institutional Structures and two types of innovative activity (i.e., basic and applied) reveals that political institutions have an important role in determining the number and nature of innovative opportunities for firms and entrepreneurs. Findings suggest that countries with political Institutional Structures characterized by weak state authority and corporatist societies generate greater levels of basic innovative activity. Further, national political institutions typified by strong state authority and corporatist societies were found to create higher levels of applied innovative activity.
Shimeles Ololo - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Healthcare Workers' Perceptions Towards Hospital Leadership and Institutional Structure in Chiro and Gelemso Hospitals, West Hararghe Zone, East Ethiopia
Science Journal of Public Health, 2015Co-Authors: Ayalew Aklilu, Shimels Hussien, Kumlachew Abate, Yonas Girma, Shimeles OloloAbstract:Background: Institutional Structure, also called Institutional formation is defined as the components and resources that an institution has to deliver its services and generate external support. Until recently, human resources have been overlooked during the course of health sector reforms. The perception of health worker towards Institutional Structure and leadership have an enormous impact for the successful implementation of health sector reform thus identifying factors that affect their perception have a significant importance for amending some of the organizational Structure and advancing strategies to achieve organizational goals. And identifying factors that affect perception of health workers have eminent roles for mangers in order to improve and create a motivated health care provider. Objective: The objective of this study was to assess and determine factors that affect the perception of healthcare Workers towards the Institutional Structure and Leadership. Methods: A cross sectional quantitative survey was undertaken on 204 health workers from April 15 – 30, 2012. Self administered Structured questionnaires were used to collect data. Data were entered and analyzed using SPSS Version 16. Multiple linear regressions were applied once after the assumptions checked. Result: This study showed that the overall perception of Institutional Structure and leadership is 37.2% and 31.6% respectively. About 59.3% of the respondents perceived that their Hospital did not give enough emphasis on the quality of service it provides and 69.6% of the health workers perceived that there were inadequate facilities. Educational status and place of work have shown association for the perception of health workers towards Institutional Structure while position was the only predictor for perception of health workers towards Institutional leadership. Conclusion and Recommendation: Seeing the overall perception of health workers towards Institutional Structure and leadership was very low, promoting health workers based on their performance and strengthening Facilities infraStructure is decisive
Stuart Landon - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Education costs and Institutional Structure
Economics of Education Review, 1999Co-Authors: Stuart LandonAbstract:Abstract An empirical comparison is made of the impact on disaggregated education costs of three types of education spending control regimes — state-level control of education spending; local school board control of spending with non-overlapping jurisdictions; and local school board control with overlapping jurisdictions. A model is specified which describes the determination of teacher wages, the teacher–student ratio, administrative costs, and other operating costs under each regime. The model is estimated using Canadian provincial-level data and the entire estimated Structure of behaviour is allowed to vary across the three regimes. The estimates imply that education costs are regime dependent and that a single proxy variable is unlikely to reflect the differences between regimes. Simulations indicate that centralized state or provincial control of spending leads to the lowest teacher costs. The local control regime with non-overlapping jurisdictions is the most successful at controlling administrative and other operating costs.
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Institutional Structure and Education Spending
Public Finance Review, 1998Co-Authors: Stuart LandonAbstract:This article provides an empirical comparison of the level of education spending under three different Institutional Structures of spending control. From least to most centralized, these are local control of spending with overlapping Jurisdictions, local control with nonoverlapping jurisdictions, and state (or provincial) control. A model of education expenditure determination under each regime is derived and estimated (using Canadian data), and spending levels under the three regimes are simulated and compared. The results indicate that spending behavior differs significantly across regimes and that the Institutional Structure ofspending control is an important determinant of the level of education expenditures. The local control regime with nonoverlapping jurisdictions yields the lowest level of total education spending, but the provincial control regime has the lowest operating expenditures. The local control regime with overlapping jurisdictions has the highest level of both total and operating expend...
Yong Wang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the Institutional Structure of a property market in inland china chongqing
Urban Studies, 2003Co-Authors: Sun Sheng Han, Yong WangAbstract:This paper contributes to the understanding of China's urban development by examining the Institutional Structure of a property market in an inland city: Chongqing. Data were collected from three recent projects through field reconnaissance and interviews. A framework of Institutional analysis was used in discussing and interpreting the data. Our analyses revealed an emerging property market with dynamic and evolving new institutions in inland China. In this new market, a variety of actors with different roles and interests in the property development process had come into play. Formal and informal rules governing the development process had been evolving. Although with a time-lag, the rapid formation of Chongqing's property market was similar to that in the coastal cities. Nevertheless, in contrast to the coastal cities, this time-lag led to a property market which was more dependent on state involvement. Chongqing's property market was dominated by government not only because the government formulated d...
