The Experts below are selected from a list of 147666 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Benjamin Cashore - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
the future of non State Authority on canadian staples industries assessing the emergence of forest certification
Policy and Society, 2007Co-Authors: Benjamin Cashore, Graeme Auld, James Lawson, Deanna NewsomAbstract:Abstract Virtually all of the literature on Canada as a “staples State” has focused on two related topics: the impact of a historically staples-based economy on the development of the Canadian State's structure, function and policy outcomes; and, given these historical influences, the ability and capacity State officials might have to veer Canada off this “hinterland” pathway by facilitating a more diversified Canadian economy less dependent on the US “metropole”. While these foci are important, the dramatic arrival in the 1990s of Non-State Market Driven (NSMD) governance systems that focus largely on regulating staples extracting sectors such as forestry, fisheries, and mining, has raised important new questions for students of the staples State.
-
governing through markets forest certification and the emergence of non State Authority
2004Co-Authors: Benjamin Cashore, Graeme Auld, Deanna NewsomAbstract:In recent years a startling policy innovation has emerged within global and domestic environmental governance: certification systems that promote socially responsible business practices by turning to the market, rather than the State, for rule-making Authority. This book documents five cases in which the Forest Stewardship Council, a forest certification programme backed by leading environmental groups, has competed with industry and landowner-sponsored certification systems for legitimacy. The authors compare the politics behind forest certification in five countries. They reflect on why there are differences regionally, discuss the impact the Forest Stewardship Council has had on other certification programmes, and assess the ability of private forest certification to address global forest deterioration.
-
forest certification eco labeling programs and their policy making Authority explaining divergence among north american and european case studies
Forest Policy and Economics, 2003Co-Authors: Benjamin Cashore, Graeme Auld, Deanna NewsomAbstract:In recent years, transnational and domestic non-governmental organizations have created private standard setting bodies whose purpose is to recognize officially companies and landowners practicing ‘sustainable forest management’. Eschewing traditional State processes and State Authority, these certification programs have turned to the market to create incentives and force compliance to their rules. This paper compares the emergence of this non-State market driven (NSMD) phenomenon in the forest sector in eight regions in North Am40erica and Europe. We specifically seek to understand the role of forest companies and landowners in granting competing forest certification programs ‘legitimacy’ to create the rules. We identify distinct legitimation dynamics in each of our cases, and then develop seven hypotheses to explain differences in support for forest certification. 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
-
legitimacy and the privatization of environmental governance how non State market driven nsmd governance systems gain rule making Authority
Governance, 2002Co-Authors: Benjamin CashoreAbstract:In recent years, transnational and domestic nongovernmental organizations have created non–State market–driven (NSMD) governance systems whose purpose is to develop and implement environmentally and socially responsible management practices. Eschewing traditional State Authority, these systems and their supporters have turned to the market’s supply chain to create incentives and force companies to comply. This paper develops an analytical framework designed to understand better the emergence of NSMD governance systems and the conditions under which they may gain Authority to create policy. Its theoretical roots draw on pragmatic, moral, and cognitive legitimacy granting distinctions made within organizational sociology, while its empirical focus is on the case of sustainable forestry certification, arguably the most advanced case of NSMD governance globally. The paper argues that such a framework is needed to assess whether these new private governance systems might ultimately challenge existing State–centered Authority and public policy–making processes, and in so doing reshape power relations within domestic and global environmental governance.
Tsegaye Moreda - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
large scale land acquisitions State Authority and indigenous local communities insights from ethiopia
Third World Quarterly, 2017Co-Authors: Tsegaye MoredaAbstract:AbstractThe convergence of diverse global factors – food price volatility, the increased demand for biofuels and feeds, climate change and the financialisation of commodity markets – has resulted in renewed interest in land resources, leading to a rapid expansion in the scope and scale of (trans)national acquisition of arable land across many developing countries. Much of this land is on peripheral indigenous peoples’ territories and considered a common property resource. Those most threatened are poor rural people with customary tenure systems – including indigenous ethnic minority groups, pastoralists and peasants – who need land most. In Ethiopia large areas have been leased to foreign and domestic capital for large-scale production of food and agrofuels, mainly in lowland regions where the State has historically had limited control. Much of the land offered is classified by the State and other elites as ‘unused’ or ‘underutilised’, overlooking the spatially extensive use of land in shifting cultivatio...
Catherine Boone - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
land tenure regimes and State structure in rural africa implications for the forms of resistance to large scale land acquisitions by outsiders
Journal of Contemporary African Studies, 2015Co-Authors: Catherine BooneAbstract:This paper argues for seeing African land tenure regimes as institutional configurations that have been defined and redefined as part of State-building projects. Land regimes have built State Authority in the rural areas, fixed populations in rural territories, and organised rural society into political collectivities subject to central control. Land tenure regimes can be understood as varying across subnational jurisdictions (rather than as invariant across space) in ways that can be grasped in terms of a conceptual distinction between neo-customary and statist forms (rather than as infinitely diverse). Differences between the two have implications for the character of political Authority in the rural areas, the nature of political identities and community structure, and the nature of property and land claims. These political effects are visible in differences in the forms of local protest and resistance to commercial land acquisitions in peri-urban Kumasi, Ghana, where a neo-customary land regime prevai...
-
property and political order in africa land rights and the structure of politics
2014Co-Authors: Catherine BooneAbstract:In sub-Saharan Africa, property relationships around land and access to natural resources vary across localities, districts and farming regions. These differences produce patterned variations in relationships between individuals, communities and the State. This book captures these patterns in an analysis of structure and variation in rural land tenure regimes. In most farming areas, State Authority is deeply embedded in land regimes, drawing farmers, ethnic insiders and outsiders, lineages, villages and communities into direct and indirect relationships with political authorities at different levels of the State apparatus. The analysis shows how property institutions - institutions that define political Authority and hierarchy around land - shape dynamics of great interest to scholars of politics, including the dynamics of land-related competition and conflict, territorial conflict, patron-client relations, electoral cleavage and mobilization, ethnic politics, rural rebellion, and the localization and 'nationalization' of political competition.
Deanna Newsom - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
the future of non State Authority on canadian staples industries assessing the emergence of forest certification
Policy and Society, 2007Co-Authors: Benjamin Cashore, Graeme Auld, James Lawson, Deanna NewsomAbstract:Abstract Virtually all of the literature on Canada as a “staples State” has focused on two related topics: the impact of a historically staples-based economy on the development of the Canadian State's structure, function and policy outcomes; and, given these historical influences, the ability and capacity State officials might have to veer Canada off this “hinterland” pathway by facilitating a more diversified Canadian economy less dependent on the US “metropole”. While these foci are important, the dramatic arrival in the 1990s of Non-State Market Driven (NSMD) governance systems that focus largely on regulating staples extracting sectors such as forestry, fisheries, and mining, has raised important new questions for students of the staples State.
-
governing through markets forest certification and the emergence of non State Authority
2004Co-Authors: Benjamin Cashore, Graeme Auld, Deanna NewsomAbstract:In recent years a startling policy innovation has emerged within global and domestic environmental governance: certification systems that promote socially responsible business practices by turning to the market, rather than the State, for rule-making Authority. This book documents five cases in which the Forest Stewardship Council, a forest certification programme backed by leading environmental groups, has competed with industry and landowner-sponsored certification systems for legitimacy. The authors compare the politics behind forest certification in five countries. They reflect on why there are differences regionally, discuss the impact the Forest Stewardship Council has had on other certification programmes, and assess the ability of private forest certification to address global forest deterioration.
-
forest certification eco labeling programs and their policy making Authority explaining divergence among north american and european case studies
Forest Policy and Economics, 2003Co-Authors: Benjamin Cashore, Graeme Auld, Deanna NewsomAbstract:In recent years, transnational and domestic non-governmental organizations have created private standard setting bodies whose purpose is to recognize officially companies and landowners practicing ‘sustainable forest management’. Eschewing traditional State processes and State Authority, these certification programs have turned to the market to create incentives and force compliance to their rules. This paper compares the emergence of this non-State market driven (NSMD) phenomenon in the forest sector in eight regions in North Am40erica and Europe. We specifically seek to understand the role of forest companies and landowners in granting competing forest certification programs ‘legitimacy’ to create the rules. We identify distinct legitimation dynamics in each of our cases, and then develop seven hypotheses to explain differences in support for forest certification. 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
Gautam Bhatia - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
freedom from community individual rights group life State Authority and religious freedom under the indian constitution
Global Constitutionalism, 2016Co-Authors: Gautam BhatiaAbstract:The religious freedom clauses of the Indian Constitution attempt to mediate between the competing claims of individuals, religious groups and the State, in a manner that is born out of specific historical circumstances. This article examines the controversial questions of whether, and to what extent, the Constitution grants individuals (specifically, dissenters) rights against the religious communities to which they belong. Taking as its point of departure a landmark Supreme Court judgment that struck down an anti-excommunication law, the article argues that the Indian Constitution is committed to an ‘anti-exclusion principle’: that is, group rights and group integrity are guaranteed to the extent – and only to the extent – that religious groups do not block individuals’ access to the basic public goods required to sustain a dignified life. Moreover – and unlike most other Constitutions – an individual may vindicate this right directly against her community in a court of law, by invoking the Constitution. This remedy is justified both philosophically, and in the specific context of Indian history. In this manner, Indian constitutionalism offers a novel and innovative solution to the perennial problem of balancing individual rights to religious freedom against the claims of community.
-
freedom from community individual rights group life State Authority and religious freedom under the indian constitution
2016Co-Authors: Gautam BhatiaAbstract:This paper examines the fraught relationships between individual rights, group rights, State intervention, and religious freedom under the Indian Constitution. Over the years, the Indian Supreme Court has developed the famous - and heavily criticised - "essential practices" test to navigate these questions. This paper acknowledges that the text of the Indian Constitution, and the role of religion in Indian public life, necessitates a departure from the traditional liberal approach to religious freedom. However, the "essential practices" test comes at too high a cost. Instead, an alternative approach may be drawn from Justice Sinha's dissenting opinion in the famous "Dawoodi Bohra excommunication" case: the Constitution is committed to protecting the integrity of religious groupings subject to the "anti-exclusion principle" - i.e., religious practices that results in the exclusion of individuals from economic, social and cultural life in a manner that hampers their access to the basic goods required for sustaining a dignified life, are not to be accorded constitutional protection. The paper argues that this approach is textually, structurally and historically more faithful to the constitutional scheme than the "essential practices" test.
