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Kaplan, Robert M - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • A history of Insulin Coma Therapy in Australia
    'Sociological Research Online', 2013
    Co-Authors: Kaplan, Robert M
    Abstract:

    Objective: To explore the history of Insulin Coma Therapy (ICT) in Australia. Conclusions: The negative period between the wars came to an end with the discovery of the biological therapies, including ICT, a development of great interest to Australian psychiatrists. Melbourne psychiatrist Reg Ellery documented his use of ICT in 1937, but the evidence shows that he was beaten to it by Farran-Ridge and Reynolds at Mont Park. ICT was soon used at various centres, but phased out by the late fifties. A review follows of its use in Australia and a discussion of the issues involved. Doing ICT played a part in enhancing the professional status of Australian psychiatrists and was one of the factors that led to the establishment of the AAP in 1946

Zajicek Benjamin - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Scientific psychiatry in Stalin's Soviet Union: The politics of modern medicine and the struggle to define ‘Pavlovian’ psychiatry, 1939–1953
    'University of Chicago Press', 2009
    Co-Authors: Zajicek Benjamin
    Abstract:

    Pavlov's "theory of higher nervous activity" provided a language that both Soviet psychiatrists and non-psychiatrists could use to discuss the nature of the mind. Even after his death in 1936, Ivan Pavlov's theory was revered by the Bolshevik regime as a profoundly materialist theory that could be used to explain the mind. Soviet psychiatrists, however, could not agree on just what "Pavlovian" should mean or, indeed, how psychiatry should be practiced. The period that lasted from late 1930s to the early 1950s was a time of particularly intense debate because new technologies coming from Europe were incorporated into Soviet psychiatric practice. Between 1933 and 1938, psychiatrists in Germany, Austria, Switzerland and Portugal reported on experimental new methods including sleep Therapy, Insulin Coma Therapy, "psychosurgery" (lobotomy), and artificially induced epilepsy-like seizures, the so-called "shock therapies" (including Metrozol, Insulin shock, and electroshock). These methods were brought to the Soviet Union between 1935 and 1938, and by 1939 Soviet psychiatric hospitals were beginning to adopt them as primary methods of treatment. Many Soviet psychiatrists hoped these methods would improve psychiatry's reputation by proving to the public that psychiatric hospitals were places of healing, not incarceration. Soviet psychiatrists found that methods like shock Therapy were quite difficult to use. These treatments required equipment and drugs that were in short supply. More disturbingly, the new methods of treatment were poorly understood and often dangerous to use; some Soviet psychiatrists questioned whether they should be used at all. This challenge pushed psychiatrists to articulate their scientific and ethical assumptions about how and why treatments should be used in psychiatric practice. Some used Pavlov's theories to argue for more fundamental study of the brain. Using Pavlov's methods to understand the physical laws of thought, they argued, was the key to a truly scientific psychiatry. They were encouraged particularly by new technologies that enabled them to study brain structures and by new discoveries about the role of chemical neurotransmitters in the brain. In the near future, they believed, psychiatric practice would be governed by knowledge generated in the physiological laboratory. Other psychiatrists argued that the proper object of psychiatry was society, not the brain. To understand mental illness, psychiatrists should study how individuals adjusted to the world around them. They pointed to the psychological trauma they saw in soldiers during World War Two as evidence that mental illness was a normal response to a pathological environment. According to these advocates of a bio-social approach, psychiatric experts should be working to make everyday Soviet institutions into places that promoted mental health. Government officials in the post-WWII period were enthusiastic about this idea, and it briefly looked as if "mental hygiene" might flourish. This failed to happen, I argue, at least in part because Communist Party officials were uncomfortable about psychiatrists' claims to scientific expertise. The Communist Party itself claimed to have special knowledge about how to create a better society, and its members did not want their authority challenged, especially by experts claiming to speak with the authority science. The most high profile conflict between psychiatrists during the post-WWII period was over the use of lobotomy. In 1950, psychiatrists who opposed lobotomy successfully convinced Soviet officials that lobotomy was "un-Pavlovian." It was banned in December 1950. Advocates of the ban were motivated in part by scientific and ethical concerns, but they were also using lobotomy as a way to discredit their rivals within the profession. To do so they had to convince non-psychiatrists in the government and the Communist Party to support them, and they therefore reframed their arguments using the charged rhetoric of patriotism, dialectical-materialism, and thinly veiled anti-Semitism. The opponents of lobotomy were rather too successful in convincing Communist Party officials that anti-Pavlovian ideas needed to be rooted out of Soviet psychiatry. Between 1950 and 1953, psychiatrists in the USSR found themselves caught up in a campaign to remake their discipline on the basis of Pavlov's theory. Old methods of classifying psychiatric illnesses were to be abandoned, psychiatric hospitals were to be redesigned, and university research in psychiatry was to be relocated to the physiology laboratory. The campaign for Pavlovian psychiatry made it possible for psychiatrists to finally push through long-desired plans to rationalize of psychiatric hospitals. Furthermore, these changes dramatically increased the amount of clinical information being generated. Ironically, then, a campaign that had sought to subordinate psychiatrists to the Pavlovian laboratory actually ended up strengthening traditional clinical methods of psychiatric research. (Abstract shortened by UMI.

Adams John - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • The nursing role in the use of Insulin Coma Therapy for schizophrenia in Britain, 1936 – 1965
    'Wiley', 2014
    Co-Authors: Adams John
    Abstract:

    Aim. To explore the nursing role in the use of Insulin Coma Therapy for schizophrenia in Britain, 1936–1965. Background. The only history of mental health nursing in Britain published to date gives a minor role to Insulin Coma Therapy and emphasizes nursing opposition to it. Design. An historical study using documentary and oral history sources obtained in 2003–2008 and supplemented by material drawn from interviews in 2010. Method. Historical method was used involving the collection and analysis of primary documentary and oral history material, together with relevant secondary sources. Findings. A range of contemporary sources suggest that nurses in Britain were generally supportive of this treatment regime. The scope for using physical nursing skills was particularly attractive, while the emphasis on close interaction with patients also laid the foundation for later developments in social Therapy. The debates surrounding its evidence base are also examined. Faced with a lack of rigorous research findings, clinicians preferred to rely on their clinical judgement. The issue of whether the treatment was abandoned as worthless or merely superseded by still more effective regimes is also explored. Conclusion. A nuanced account of the rise and fall of Insulin Coma Therapy provides a lens through which to examine the development of mental health nursing and a case study of the challenges involved in implementing care based on the best evidence

Dubois-arber Françoise - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Evaluation de la phase pilote du Dispositif cantonal d'indication et de suivi des personnes toxicodépendantes (DCIST)
    Lausanne : Institut universitaire de médecine sociale et préventive (IUMSP), 2011
    Co-Authors: Gumy Cédric, Gervasoni Jean-pierre, Dubois-arber Françoise
    Abstract:

    Le Dispositif Cantonal d'Indication et de Suivi des personnes Toxicodépendantes (DCIST) s'inscrit dans l'axe numéro 1 de la politique vaudoise concernant la prévention et la lutte contre la toxicodépendance qui vise l'amélioration de l'adéquation entre l'offre de prestations et les besoins des usagers ainsi que dans le Plan Stratégique Vaudois 2011 établi dans le cadre de la reprise par le canton de Vaud des tâches de la Confédération. Le DCIST est un processus organisationnel de travail en réseau appuyé sur des outils standardisés d'évaluation des conditions de vie et de consommation des personnes toxicodépendantes qui a pour objectifs :1. d'ajuster au mieux les prestations proposées au regard des besoins rencontrés par les personnes toxicodépendantes;2. de développer un réseau de soins coordonné : a. améliorer l'efficacité de la prise en charge des personnes toxicodépendantes;b. favoriser le suivi et le maintien de ces personnes dans le réseau social et médical;c. favoriser le continuum dans la prise en charge médicosociale (des structures généralistes, de première ligne, aux institutions résidentielles spécialisées).Le DCIST a donc pour but de renforcer le rôle du canton de Vaud dans le pilotage et la planification des prestations dans le domaine de l'aide aux personnes concernées par la toxicodépendance. Il est indiqué et nécessaire pour toute personne souhaitant entrer dans une structure résidentielle pour des problèmes de toxicodépendance, avec ou sans problématique d'alcool associée.La mise en place du dispositif a été pilotée par les instances suivantes qui se sont réunies à intervalles réguliers : la cellule de projet (les responsables des deux services concernés - SSP et SPASa) et le/la chef-fe de projetb), le groupe de travail (GT) et ses différents sous-groupes et finalement le comité de pilotage (CoPil). Ces deux derniers groupes rassemblaient des professionnels représentatifs des différents secteurs concernés par le DCIST.La phase pilote du DCIST a duré du 1er octobre 2010 au 31 mars 2011. L'objectif de cette phase était d'éprouver les outils, la structure ainsi que les procédures élaborées et d'effectuer les ajustements nécessaires.Durant cette phase pilote, des formations sur la façon d'utiliser les outils du DCIST ont été dispensées aux personnes chargées d'indication dans les structures ou à d'autres collaborateurs intéressés.Des plateformes d'échange ont réuni les personnes concernées des différentes structures (centres d'indication, établissements socio-éducatifs [ESE]) et les responsables du projet. Ces réunions ont permis de faire émerger et d'échanger les points de vue sur les problèmes rencontrés et de discuter de solutions communes. [Auteurs, p. 5]]]> Substance-Related Disorders/prevention & control ; Substance-Related Disorders/rehabilitation ; Substance Abuse Treatment Centers/utilization ; Evaluation studies ; Switzerland ; Vaud fre https://serval.unil.ch/resource/serval:BIB_B36780C00ECF.P001/REF.pdf http://nbn-resolving.org/urn/resolver.pl?urn=urn:nbn:ch:serval-BIB_B36780C00ECF8 info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/urn/urn:nbn:ch:serval-BIB_B36780C00ECF8 info:eu-repo/semantics/submittedVersion info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess Copying allowed only for non-profit organizations https://serval.unil.ch/disclaimer application/pdf oai:serval.unil.ch:BIB_B368242722F2 2022-01-08T02:25:33Z https://serval.unil.ch/notice/serval:BIB_B368242722F2 European guidelines for antifungal management in leukemia and hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients: summary of the ECIL 3-2009 Update info:doi:10.1038/bmt.2010.175. info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.1038/bmt.2010.175. Maertens J Marchetti O Herbrecht R Cornely OA Flückiger U Frêre P Gachot B Heinz WJ Lass-Flörl C Ribaud P Thiebaut A Cordonnier, C. info:eu-repo/semantics/article article 2010-07 Bone Marrow Transplant. 2010 Jul 26. eng oai:serval.unil.ch:BIB_B3686ADF6C26 2022-01-08T02:25:33Z https://serval.unil.ch/notice/serval:BIB_B3686ADF6C26 Insulin Coma Therapy: decrease of plasma tryptophan in man Baumann, Pierre Gaillard, Jean-Michel info:eu-repo/semantics/article article 1976 Journal of Neural Transmission - General Section, vol. 39, pp. 309-313 eng oai:serval.unil.ch:BIB_B368B3E8BE25 2022-01-08T02:25:33Z https://serval.unil.ch/notice/serval:BIB_B368B3E8BE25 Risk factors for post-dural puncture headache following injury of the dural membrane: a root-cause analysis and nested case-control study. info:doi:10.1016/j.ijoa.2018.05.007 info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.1016/j.ijoa.2018.05.007 info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/pmid/30392650 Haller, G. Cornet, J. Boldi, M.O. Myers, C. Savoldelli, G. Kern, C. info:eu-repo/semantics/article article 2018-11 International journal of obstetric anesthesia, vol. 36, pp. 17-27 info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/eissn/1532-3374 urn:issn:0959-289X

William F. Mclaughlin - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • politan State Hospital, Waltham, Mass.: Superin-
    2016
    Co-Authors: Karl T. Dussik, Donald B. Giddon, Peter D. Watson, Im Joel J. White, William F. Mclaughlin
    Abstract:

    Glucagon ( 1, 5), has been used extensively in our hospital(10) and elsewhere as an additional agent(2, 7, 8, 9) in Insulin Coma Therapy for rousing patients from deep Coma so that they can swallow a sugar solution. Glucagon is thought to act by pro-ducing a transitory hyperglycemia due to its glycogenolytic action on the liver glyco-gen. One of us (KTD) assumed that perhaps the administration of Glucagon before the Insulin might reduce both the amount of Insulin needed to produce Coma as well as the time of onset of the Coma itself. If this were found to be true, not only would it shorten the treatment time but it would also reduce some of the risks of ICT, as there is evidence that smaller doses of in-sulin are associated with fewer side and/or after-effects. A shorter phase 1 (during which time daily increasing doses of insuli