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Elizabeth Brainerd - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • reassessing the standard of living in the soviet union an analysis using archival and anthropometric data
    The Journal of Economic History, 2010
    Co-Authors: Elizabeth Brainerd
    Abstract:

    Both Western and Soviet estimates of GNP growth in the USSR indicate that GNP per capita grew in every decade - sometimes rapidly - from 1928 to 1985. While this measure suggests that the standard of living improved in the USSR throughout this period, it is unclear whether this economic growth translated into improved well-being for the population as a whole. This paper uses previously unpublished archival data on infant mortality and anthropometric studies of children conducted across the Soviet Union to reassess the standard of living in the USSR using these alternative measures of well-being. In the prewar period these data indicate a population extremely small in stature and sensitive to the political and economic upheavals visited upon the country by Soviet leaders and outside forces. Remarkably large and rapid improvements in infant mortality, birth weight, child height and adult stature were recorded from approximately 1940 to the late 1960s. While this period of physical growth was followed by stagnation in heights and an increase in adult male mortality, it appears that the Soviet Union avoided the sustained declines in stature that occurred in the United States and United Kingdom during industrialization in those countries.

  • reassessing the standard of living in the soviet union an analysis using archival and anthropometric data
    The Journal of Economic History, 2010
    Co-Authors: Elizabeth Brainerd
    Abstract:

    Both Western and Soviet estimates of GNP growth in the USSR indicate that GNP per capita grew in every decade, sometimes rapidly, from 1928 to 1985. While this measure suggests that the standard of living improved in the USSR throughout this period, it is unclear whether this economic growth translated into improved well-being for the population as a whole. This paper uses previously unpublished archival data on infant mortality and anthropometric studies of children conducted across the Soviet Union to reassess the standard of living in the USSR using these alternative measures of well-being. In the prewar period these data indicate a population extremely small in stature and sensitive to the political and economic upheavals visited upon the country by Soviet leaders and outside forces. Remarkably large and rapid improvements in child height, adult stature and infant mortality were recorded from approximately 1945 to 1970. While this period of physical growth was followed by stagnation in heights and an increase in adult male mortality, the physical growth record of the Soviet population compares favorably with that of other European countries at a similar level of development in this period.

Vera Kliueva - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

Nadezhda Beliakova - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

Danuta Wasserman - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • suicide preventive effects of perestroika in the former USSR the role of alcohol restriction
    Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 1998
    Co-Authors: Danuta Wasserman, Airi Värnik
    Abstract:

    This special supplement contains six articles on the relationships among suicide perestroika and restrictions on alcohol in the former USSR. They examine the effect of alcohol restrictions on suicide mortality regional differences in suicide the decline in suicide during the perestroika period comparisons of age-specific suicide rates between the Slavic and Baltic regions of the former USSR and 22 European countries female suicides and the reliability of statistics on violent death and suicide in the former USSR. An appendix presents selected demographic data for regions and republics of the former USSR for 1990.

  • marked decrease in suicide among men and women in the former USSR during perestroika
    Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 1998
    Co-Authors: Airi Värnik, Danuta Wasserman, M Dankowicz, G Eklund
    Abstract:

    At the same time as substantial and rapid socio-political and socio-economic changes took place during the period of perestroika, suicide rates in the former USSR decreased by approximately 32% for men and 19% for women. The decreases in the suicide rates of men in the former USSR were unlike the suicide rate decreases taking place in 22 other European countries, where rates decreased by approximately 8% for men and 17% for women during this time period. Declines in suicide rates from 1984 to 1986-1988 occurred in all republics, with the largest decreases in Russia and Belarus, at 42% for men and 20% for women. The decrease in suicide rates of men in the former USSR was most pronounced until 1986-1988, after which time an increasing trend was observed. Suicide rates for men in the former USSR decreased 3.8-fold more than they did for men in other parts of Europe, while decreases in the suicide rates for women in the former USSR were on the same level as in Europe.

  • regional differences in the distribution of suicide in the former soviet union during perestroika 1984 1990
    Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 1998
    Co-Authors: Danuta Wasserman, Airi Värnik, M Dankowicz
    Abstract:

    The former USSR covered 22.4 million square kilometres and had a population of 288,362,296 in 1990. During 1984-1990 the former USSR consisted of 15 republics, which formed culturally, geographically and historically different regions. Yearly, approximately 45,000-50,000 males and 14,000-15,000 females committed suicide. Suicide rates in the former USSR during 1984-1990 varied greatly between different regions, from 3.5 cases per 100,000 inhabitants in the Caucasus (Georgia, Azerbaijan and Armenia) to 11.8 in Central Asia (Kazakhstan, Kirgizia, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan and Tajikistan), 18.1 in Moldova, 25.6 in the Slavic region (Russia, the Ukraine and Belarus) and 28.0 in the Baltic region (Latvia, Lithuania and Estonia). The same pattern of great variation between different regions was observed for both men and women in the former USSR, with suicide rates for men ranging from 4.9 in the Caucasian region to 45.9 in the Baltics, and suicide rates for women ranging from 2.1 in the Caucasus to 12.3 in the Baltics.

Airi Värnik - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • suicide preventive effects of perestroika in the former USSR the role of alcohol restriction
    Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 1998
    Co-Authors: Danuta Wasserman, Airi Värnik
    Abstract:

    This special supplement contains six articles on the relationships among suicide perestroika and restrictions on alcohol in the former USSR. They examine the effect of alcohol restrictions on suicide mortality regional differences in suicide the decline in suicide during the perestroika period comparisons of age-specific suicide rates between the Slavic and Baltic regions of the former USSR and 22 European countries female suicides and the reliability of statistics on violent death and suicide in the former USSR. An appendix presents selected demographic data for regions and republics of the former USSR for 1990.

  • marked decrease in suicide among men and women in the former USSR during perestroika
    Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 1998
    Co-Authors: Airi Värnik, Danuta Wasserman, M Dankowicz, G Eklund
    Abstract:

    At the same time as substantial and rapid socio-political and socio-economic changes took place during the period of perestroika, suicide rates in the former USSR decreased by approximately 32% for men and 19% for women. The decreases in the suicide rates of men in the former USSR were unlike the suicide rate decreases taking place in 22 other European countries, where rates decreased by approximately 8% for men and 17% for women during this time period. Declines in suicide rates from 1984 to 1986-1988 occurred in all republics, with the largest decreases in Russia and Belarus, at 42% for men and 20% for women. The decrease in suicide rates of men in the former USSR was most pronounced until 1986-1988, after which time an increasing trend was observed. Suicide rates for men in the former USSR decreased 3.8-fold more than they did for men in other parts of Europe, while decreases in the suicide rates for women in the former USSR were on the same level as in Europe.

  • regional differences in the distribution of suicide in the former soviet union during perestroika 1984 1990
    Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 1998
    Co-Authors: Danuta Wasserman, Airi Värnik, M Dankowicz
    Abstract:

    The former USSR covered 22.4 million square kilometres and had a population of 288,362,296 in 1990. During 1984-1990 the former USSR consisted of 15 republics, which formed culturally, geographically and historically different regions. Yearly, approximately 45,000-50,000 males and 14,000-15,000 females committed suicide. Suicide rates in the former USSR during 1984-1990 varied greatly between different regions, from 3.5 cases per 100,000 inhabitants in the Caucasus (Georgia, Azerbaijan and Armenia) to 11.8 in Central Asia (Kazakhstan, Kirgizia, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan and Tajikistan), 18.1 in Moldova, 25.6 in the Slavic region (Russia, the Ukraine and Belarus) and 28.0 in the Baltic region (Latvia, Lithuania and Estonia). The same pattern of great variation between different regions was observed for both men and women in the former USSR, with suicide rates for men ranging from 4.9 in the Caucasian region to 45.9 in the Baltics, and suicide rates for women ranging from 2.1 in the Caucasus to 12.3 in the Baltics.

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