The Experts below are selected from a list of 78 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Maria F Gallo - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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role of temporal discounting in a conditional cash transfer cct intervention to improve engagement in the prevention of mother to child transmission pmtct cascade
BMC Public Health, 2021Co-Authors: Jessica Londeree Saleska, Abigail Norris Turner, Maria F Gallo, Abigail B Shoben, Bienvenu Kawende, Noro Ravelomanana, Harsha Thirumurthy, Marcel YotebiengAbstract:BACKGROUND Temporal discounting, the tendency of individuals to discount future costs and benefits relative to the present, is often associated with greater engagement in risky behaviors. Incentives such as conditional cash transfers (CCTs) have the potential to counter the effects of high discount rates on health behaviors. METHODS With data from a randomized trial of a CCT intervention among 434 HIV-positive pregnant women in the Democratic Republic of Congo, we used binomial models to assess Interactions between discount rates (measured using a delay-discounting task) and the intervention. The analysis focused on two outcomes: 1) retention in HIV care, and 2) uptake of prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) services. RESULTS The effect of high discount rates on retention was small, and we did not observe evidence of Interaction between high discount rates and CCT on retention. However, our findings suggest that CCT may mitigate the negative effect of high discount rates on uptake of PMTCT services (Interaction Contrast (IC): 0.18, 95% CI: - 0.09, 0.44). CONCLUSIONS Our findings provide evidence to support the continued use of small, frequent incentives, to motivate improved uptake of PMTCT services, especially among women exhibiting high rates of temporal discounting. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinicaltrials.gov number NCT01838005 , April 23, 2013.
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p313 the role of temporal discounting in a conditional cash transfer intervention to improve engagement in hiv care
Sexually Transmitted Infections, 2019Co-Authors: Jessica Londeree Saleska, Abigail Norris Turner, Abigail B Shoben, Marcel Yotebieng, Maria F GalloAbstract:Background Understanding the mechanisms underlying health behaviors is crucial to optimize interventions to improve HIV-related outcomes. Temporal discounting (TD), the tendency to discount the value of future rewards relative to rewards received closer to the present, may lead to risky health behaviors. Conditional cash transfer (CCT) interventions were developed in part to mitigate these effects. Despite this, few studies assess the direct role of TD on the effect of CCT interventions on HIV treatment and prevention. Methods Using data from a randomized controlled trial among 433 HIV-infected pregnant women in the Democratic Republic of Congo, we assessed three outcomes:1) retention to HIV care, 2) uptake of services for the prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT), and 3) viral suppression at 6 weeks postpartum. We used a delay discounting task to measure TD at baseline. We hypothesized that if CCT works by mitigating the harmful effects of TD, we would observe a positive interactive effect on the additive scale between high TD and CCT. We specified linear binomial regression models to calculate the individual and joint effects of CCT and TD, and we calculated the Interaction Contrast (IC) to illustrate possible Interaction between these effects. Results The effect of CCT on uptake of PMTCT services was greater among women exhibiting high TD. The IC suggested a positive interactive effect between TD and the CCT intervention on uptake of PMTCT services (IC: 0.17; 95% CI: -0.15, 0.48). We observed no evidence of additive Interaction between TD and the CCT intervention on retention or viral suppression. Conclusion This CCT intervention may help mitigate the harmful effects of TD on uptake of PMTCT services, though this mechanism did not appear to play a role for retention or viral suppression. Alternative approaches could be developed to address the effects of TD on HIV-related outcomes. Disclosure No significant relationships.
Marcel Yotebieng - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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role of temporal discounting in a conditional cash transfer cct intervention to improve engagement in the prevention of mother to child transmission pmtct cascade
BMC Public Health, 2021Co-Authors: Jessica Londeree Saleska, Abigail Norris Turner, Maria F Gallo, Abigail B Shoben, Bienvenu Kawende, Noro Ravelomanana, Harsha Thirumurthy, Marcel YotebiengAbstract:BACKGROUND Temporal discounting, the tendency of individuals to discount future costs and benefits relative to the present, is often associated with greater engagement in risky behaviors. Incentives such as conditional cash transfers (CCTs) have the potential to counter the effects of high discount rates on health behaviors. METHODS With data from a randomized trial of a CCT intervention among 434 HIV-positive pregnant women in the Democratic Republic of Congo, we used binomial models to assess Interactions between discount rates (measured using a delay-discounting task) and the intervention. The analysis focused on two outcomes: 1) retention in HIV care, and 2) uptake of prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) services. RESULTS The effect of high discount rates on retention was small, and we did not observe evidence of Interaction between high discount rates and CCT on retention. However, our findings suggest that CCT may mitigate the negative effect of high discount rates on uptake of PMTCT services (Interaction Contrast (IC): 0.18, 95% CI: - 0.09, 0.44). CONCLUSIONS Our findings provide evidence to support the continued use of small, frequent incentives, to motivate improved uptake of PMTCT services, especially among women exhibiting high rates of temporal discounting. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinicaltrials.gov number NCT01838005 , April 23, 2013.
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p313 the role of temporal discounting in a conditional cash transfer intervention to improve engagement in hiv care
Sexually Transmitted Infections, 2019Co-Authors: Jessica Londeree Saleska, Abigail Norris Turner, Abigail B Shoben, Marcel Yotebieng, Maria F GalloAbstract:Background Understanding the mechanisms underlying health behaviors is crucial to optimize interventions to improve HIV-related outcomes. Temporal discounting (TD), the tendency to discount the value of future rewards relative to rewards received closer to the present, may lead to risky health behaviors. Conditional cash transfer (CCT) interventions were developed in part to mitigate these effects. Despite this, few studies assess the direct role of TD on the effect of CCT interventions on HIV treatment and prevention. Methods Using data from a randomized controlled trial among 433 HIV-infected pregnant women in the Democratic Republic of Congo, we assessed three outcomes:1) retention to HIV care, 2) uptake of services for the prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT), and 3) viral suppression at 6 weeks postpartum. We used a delay discounting task to measure TD at baseline. We hypothesized that if CCT works by mitigating the harmful effects of TD, we would observe a positive interactive effect on the additive scale between high TD and CCT. We specified linear binomial regression models to calculate the individual and joint effects of CCT and TD, and we calculated the Interaction Contrast (IC) to illustrate possible Interaction between these effects. Results The effect of CCT on uptake of PMTCT services was greater among women exhibiting high TD. The IC suggested a positive interactive effect between TD and the CCT intervention on uptake of PMTCT services (IC: 0.17; 95% CI: -0.15, 0.48). We observed no evidence of additive Interaction between TD and the CCT intervention on retention or viral suppression. Conclusion This CCT intervention may help mitigate the harmful effects of TD on uptake of PMTCT services, though this mechanism did not appear to play a role for retention or viral suppression. Alternative approaches could be developed to address the effects of TD on HIV-related outcomes. Disclosure No significant relationships.
Jessica Londeree Saleska - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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role of temporal discounting in a conditional cash transfer cct intervention to improve engagement in the prevention of mother to child transmission pmtct cascade
BMC Public Health, 2021Co-Authors: Jessica Londeree Saleska, Abigail Norris Turner, Maria F Gallo, Abigail B Shoben, Bienvenu Kawende, Noro Ravelomanana, Harsha Thirumurthy, Marcel YotebiengAbstract:BACKGROUND Temporal discounting, the tendency of individuals to discount future costs and benefits relative to the present, is often associated with greater engagement in risky behaviors. Incentives such as conditional cash transfers (CCTs) have the potential to counter the effects of high discount rates on health behaviors. METHODS With data from a randomized trial of a CCT intervention among 434 HIV-positive pregnant women in the Democratic Republic of Congo, we used binomial models to assess Interactions between discount rates (measured using a delay-discounting task) and the intervention. The analysis focused on two outcomes: 1) retention in HIV care, and 2) uptake of prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) services. RESULTS The effect of high discount rates on retention was small, and we did not observe evidence of Interaction between high discount rates and CCT on retention. However, our findings suggest that CCT may mitigate the negative effect of high discount rates on uptake of PMTCT services (Interaction Contrast (IC): 0.18, 95% CI: - 0.09, 0.44). CONCLUSIONS Our findings provide evidence to support the continued use of small, frequent incentives, to motivate improved uptake of PMTCT services, especially among women exhibiting high rates of temporal discounting. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinicaltrials.gov number NCT01838005 , April 23, 2013.
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p313 the role of temporal discounting in a conditional cash transfer intervention to improve engagement in hiv care
Sexually Transmitted Infections, 2019Co-Authors: Jessica Londeree Saleska, Abigail Norris Turner, Abigail B Shoben, Marcel Yotebieng, Maria F GalloAbstract:Background Understanding the mechanisms underlying health behaviors is crucial to optimize interventions to improve HIV-related outcomes. Temporal discounting (TD), the tendency to discount the value of future rewards relative to rewards received closer to the present, may lead to risky health behaviors. Conditional cash transfer (CCT) interventions were developed in part to mitigate these effects. Despite this, few studies assess the direct role of TD on the effect of CCT interventions on HIV treatment and prevention. Methods Using data from a randomized controlled trial among 433 HIV-infected pregnant women in the Democratic Republic of Congo, we assessed three outcomes:1) retention to HIV care, 2) uptake of services for the prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT), and 3) viral suppression at 6 weeks postpartum. We used a delay discounting task to measure TD at baseline. We hypothesized that if CCT works by mitigating the harmful effects of TD, we would observe a positive interactive effect on the additive scale between high TD and CCT. We specified linear binomial regression models to calculate the individual and joint effects of CCT and TD, and we calculated the Interaction Contrast (IC) to illustrate possible Interaction between these effects. Results The effect of CCT on uptake of PMTCT services was greater among women exhibiting high TD. The IC suggested a positive interactive effect between TD and the CCT intervention on uptake of PMTCT services (IC: 0.17; 95% CI: -0.15, 0.48). We observed no evidence of additive Interaction between TD and the CCT intervention on retention or viral suppression. Conclusion This CCT intervention may help mitigate the harmful effects of TD on uptake of PMTCT services, though this mechanism did not appear to play a role for retention or viral suppression. Alternative approaches could be developed to address the effects of TD on HIV-related outcomes. Disclosure No significant relationships.
James T Townsend - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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survivor Interaction Contrast wiggle predictions of parallel and serial models for an arbitrary number of processes
Journal of Mathematical Psychology, 2014Co-Authors: Haiyuan Yang, Mario Fific, James T TownsendAbstract:a b s t r a c t The Survivor Interaction Contrast (SIC) is a distribution-free measure for assessing the fundamental prop- erties of human information processing such as architecture (i.e., serial or parallel) and stopping rule (i.e., minimum time or maximum time). Despite its demonstrated utility, there are some vital gaps in our knowledge: first, the shape of the serial maximum time SIC is theoretically unclear, although the one 0-crossing negative-to-positive signature has been found repeatedly in the simulations. Second, the the- ories of SIC have been restricted to two-process cases, which restrict the applications to a limited class of models and data sets. In this paper, we first prove that in the two-process case, a mild condition known as strictly log-concavity is sufficient as a guarantor of a single 0-crossing of the serial maximum time SIC. We then extend the definition of SIC to an arbitrary number of processes, and develop implicated methodol- ogy of SIC in its generalized form, again in a distribution-free manner, for both parallel and serial models in conjunction with both the minimum time and maximum time stopping rules. We conclude the paper by demonstrating application of the theorems to data from a short-term memory search task.
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the statistical properties of the survivor Interaction Contrast
Journal of Mathematical Psychology, 2010Co-Authors: Joseph W Houpt, James T TownsendAbstract:Abstract The Survivor Interaction Contrast (SIC) is a powerful tool for assessing the architecture and stopping rule of a model of mental processes ( Townsend & Nozawa, 1995 ). Despite its demonstrated utility, the methodology has lacked a method for statistical testing until now. In this paper we briefly describe the SIC then develop some basic statistical properties of the measure. These developments lead to a statistical test for rejecting certain classes of models based on the SIC. We verify these tests using simulated data, then demonstrate their use on data from a simple cognitive task.
Abigail B Shoben - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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role of temporal discounting in a conditional cash transfer cct intervention to improve engagement in the prevention of mother to child transmission pmtct cascade
BMC Public Health, 2021Co-Authors: Jessica Londeree Saleska, Abigail Norris Turner, Maria F Gallo, Abigail B Shoben, Bienvenu Kawende, Noro Ravelomanana, Harsha Thirumurthy, Marcel YotebiengAbstract:BACKGROUND Temporal discounting, the tendency of individuals to discount future costs and benefits relative to the present, is often associated with greater engagement in risky behaviors. Incentives such as conditional cash transfers (CCTs) have the potential to counter the effects of high discount rates on health behaviors. METHODS With data from a randomized trial of a CCT intervention among 434 HIV-positive pregnant women in the Democratic Republic of Congo, we used binomial models to assess Interactions between discount rates (measured using a delay-discounting task) and the intervention. The analysis focused on two outcomes: 1) retention in HIV care, and 2) uptake of prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) services. RESULTS The effect of high discount rates on retention was small, and we did not observe evidence of Interaction between high discount rates and CCT on retention. However, our findings suggest that CCT may mitigate the negative effect of high discount rates on uptake of PMTCT services (Interaction Contrast (IC): 0.18, 95% CI: - 0.09, 0.44). CONCLUSIONS Our findings provide evidence to support the continued use of small, frequent incentives, to motivate improved uptake of PMTCT services, especially among women exhibiting high rates of temporal discounting. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinicaltrials.gov number NCT01838005 , April 23, 2013.
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p313 the role of temporal discounting in a conditional cash transfer intervention to improve engagement in hiv care
Sexually Transmitted Infections, 2019Co-Authors: Jessica Londeree Saleska, Abigail Norris Turner, Abigail B Shoben, Marcel Yotebieng, Maria F GalloAbstract:Background Understanding the mechanisms underlying health behaviors is crucial to optimize interventions to improve HIV-related outcomes. Temporal discounting (TD), the tendency to discount the value of future rewards relative to rewards received closer to the present, may lead to risky health behaviors. Conditional cash transfer (CCT) interventions were developed in part to mitigate these effects. Despite this, few studies assess the direct role of TD on the effect of CCT interventions on HIV treatment and prevention. Methods Using data from a randomized controlled trial among 433 HIV-infected pregnant women in the Democratic Republic of Congo, we assessed three outcomes:1) retention to HIV care, 2) uptake of services for the prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT), and 3) viral suppression at 6 weeks postpartum. We used a delay discounting task to measure TD at baseline. We hypothesized that if CCT works by mitigating the harmful effects of TD, we would observe a positive interactive effect on the additive scale between high TD and CCT. We specified linear binomial regression models to calculate the individual and joint effects of CCT and TD, and we calculated the Interaction Contrast (IC) to illustrate possible Interaction between these effects. Results The effect of CCT on uptake of PMTCT services was greater among women exhibiting high TD. The IC suggested a positive interactive effect between TD and the CCT intervention on uptake of PMTCT services (IC: 0.17; 95% CI: -0.15, 0.48). We observed no evidence of additive Interaction between TD and the CCT intervention on retention or viral suppression. Conclusion This CCT intervention may help mitigate the harmful effects of TD on uptake of PMTCT services, though this mechanism did not appear to play a role for retention or viral suppression. Alternative approaches could be developed to address the effects of TD on HIV-related outcomes. Disclosure No significant relationships.