The Experts below are selected from a list of 18111 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Hervieu Nicolas - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Cour européenne des droits de l’homme : arrêts signalés
'OpenEdition', 2021Co-Authors: Hervieu NicolasAbstract:1°/- Stérilisation forcée (Art. 3, 8, 14 CEDH) :Stérilisation sans consentement éclairé et fluctuations conventionnelles sur l’identification des discriminations raciales La stérilisation d’une jeune femme slovaque d’origine Rom en août 2000 sans qu’elle n’y ait consenti de façon éclairée constitue une violation des articles 3 (Interdiction des traitements inhumains et dégradants) et 8 (droit au respect de la vie privée et familiale). L’intéressée avait en effet été invitée par l’équipe médic..
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Cour européenne des droits de l’homme : arrêt signalé
'OpenEdition', 2021Co-Authors: Hervieu NicolasAbstract:L’éloignement vers le Cameroun d’une jeune femme atteinte par le VIH n’emporte pas violation de l’article 3 (Interdiction de la torture et des traitements inhumains ou dégradants) imputable “par ricochet“ à la Belgique. Une telle issue contentieuse est acquise alors même qu’il est établi que l’accès aux traitements médicaux adéquats est très aléatoire au Cameroun et « que, comme toutes les personnes atteintes par le VIH dans sa situation, priver la requérante de ces médicaments aura pour cons..
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Cour européenne des droits de l’homme : arrêt et décision signalés
'OpenEdition', 2021Co-Authors: Hervieu NicolasAbstract:1°/- Droits des étrangers (Art. 3 CEDH) : conventionalité du renvoi d’un moudjahidin vers la Tunisie en raison du changement de régime politique Le renvoi vers la Tunisie d’un combattant moudjahidin – lui-même de nationalité tunisienne et arrivé en Bosnie-Herzégovine afin de participer à la guerre de 1992 à 1995 – ne serait pas de nature à exposer ce dernier à des traitements contraires à l’article 3 (Interdiction de la torture et des peines ou traitements inhumains ou dégradants – N.B. : su..
Peter Vanier - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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securing special nuclear material recent advances in neutron detection and their role in nonproliferation
Journal of Applied Physics, 2010Co-Authors: Robert C Runkle, A Bernstein, Peter VanierAbstract:Neutron detection is an integral part of the global effort to prevent the proliferation of special nuclear material (SNM). Applications relying on neutron-detection technology range from traditional nuclear nonproliferation objectives, such as safeguarding material and verifying stockpile reductions, to the Interdiction of SNM—a goal that has recently risen in priority to a level on par with traditional missions. Large multinational programs targeting Interdiction and safeguards have deployed radiation-detection assets across the globe. In parallel with these deployments of commercially available technology, significant research and development has been directed toward the creation of next-generation assets. Neutron-detection technology plays a prominent role because of the capability of neutrons to penetrate materials that readily absorb gamma rays and the unique fission signatures neutrons possess. One particularly acute technology-development challenge results from dwindling supplies of H3e, partially ...
Kevin Wood - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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worst case Interdiction analysis of large scale electric power grids
IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 2009Co-Authors: Javier Salmeron, Kevin Wood, Ross BaldickAbstract:This paper generalizes Benders decomposition to maximize a nonconcave objective function and uses that decomposition to solve an ldquoelectric power grid Interdiction problem.rdquo Under one empirically verified assumption, the solution to this bilevel optimization problem identifies a set of components, limited by cardinality or ldquoInterdiction resource,rdquo whose destruction maximizes economic losses to customers (and can thereby guide defensive measures). The decomposition subproblem typically incorporates a set of DC optimal power-flow models that cover various states of repair after an attack, along with a load-duration curve. Test problems describe a regional power grid in the United States with approximately 5000 buses, 6000 lines, and 500 generators. Solution time on a 2-GHz personal computer is approximately one hour.
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two person zero sum games for network Interdiction
Operations Research, 1995Co-Authors: Alan R Washburn, Kevin WoodAbstract:A single evader attempts to traverse a path between two nodes in a network while a single interdictor attempts to detect the evader by setting up an inspection point along one of the network arcs. For each arc there is a known probability of detection if the evader traverses the arc that the interdictor is inspecting. The evader must determine a probabilistic "path-selection" strategy which minimizes the probability of detection while the interdictor must determine a probabilistic "arc-inspection" strategy which maximizes the probability of detection. The interdictor represents, in a simplified form, U.S. and allied forces attempting to interdict drugs and precursor chemicals as they are moved through river, road, and air routes in Latin America and the Caribbean. We show that the basic scenario is a two-person zero-sum game that might require the enumeration of an exponential number of paths, but then show that optimal strategies can be found using network flow techniques of polynomial complexity. To enhance realism, we also solve problems with unknown origins and destinations, multiple interdictors or evaders, and other generalizations.
Lawrence M Wein - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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technical note spatial queueing analysis of an Interdiction system to protect cities from a nuclear terrorist attack
Operations Research, 2008Co-Authors: Michael P Atkinson, Lawrence M WeinAbstract:We formulate and analyze a spatial queueing model concerning a terrorist who is attempting to drive a nuclear or radiological weapon toward a target in a city center. In our model, imperfect radiation sensors form a circular wall around the periphery of the city, and vehicles setting off sensor alarms (representing a terrorist or a nuisance alarm) arrive randomly at the perimeter of a circle (representing the wall of sensors) and drive toward the center of the circle. Interdiction vehicles, one in each wedge of the circle, chase the alarm-generating vehicles. We derive an accurate mathematical expression for the mean damage inflicted by a terrorist in this system in terms of the arrival rate of alarm-generating vehicles and the number of Interdiction vehicles. Our results suggest that detection-Interdiction systems using current technology are capable of mitigating the damage from a nuclear weapon made of plutonium, but not one made of uranium or a radiological weapon.
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the last line of defense designing radiation detection Interdiction systems to protect cities from a nuclear terrorist attack
IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science, 2007Co-Authors: Lawrence M Wein, Michael P AtkinsonAbstract:We formulate and solve an optimization problem in which a terrorist is attempting to drive a nuclear weapon toward a city center, but needs to travel through an array of imperfect neutron radiation sensors that form a wall around the periphery of the city. A fleet of Interdiction vehicles are available to chase, and attempt to interdict, vehicles that set off a sensor alarm. In our model, the government chooses the thickness (in terms of number of sensors) of the radiation wall, the neutron threshold in the sensors, and the number of Interdiction vehicles to minimize the expected damage inflicted by a terrorist, subject to a budget constraint on sensors and Interdiction vehicles. The terrorist observes the wall thickness and at each node he updates his likelihood of passing through a sensor without triggering an alarm and decides whether to proceed through the sensor or stop and detonate the bomb. Our results suggest that for an annual cost ranging from several million dollars to several tens of millions of dollars, depending upon the city's roadway topology, a single layer of sensors placed tens of miles from the city center and 10-20 dedicated Interdiction vehicles could mitigate the damage from an unshielded or lightly-shielded plutonium weapon, but not from a uranium weapon or a radiological dispersal device.
Violeta Morenolax - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the eu humanitarian border and the securitization of human rights the rescue through Interdiction rescue without protection paradigm
Journal of Common Market Studies, 2018Co-Authors: Violeta MorenolaxAbstract:This article looks at securitization/humanitarianization dynamics in the EU external sea borders to track and critique the substantial transformation of the role played by human rights in the Mediterranean. Mapping the evolution of maritime engagement up to the ‘refugee crisis’, it is revealed how the invocation of human rights serves paradoxically to curtail (migrants') human rights, justifying Interdiction (‘to save lives’), and impeding access to safety in Europe. The result is a double reification of ‘boat migrants’ as threats to border security and as victims of smuggling/trafficking. Through a narrative of ‘rescue’, Interdiction is laundered into an ethically sustainable strategy of border governance. Instead of being considered a problematic (potentially lethal) means of control, it is re†defined into a life†saving device. The ensuing ‘rescue†through†Interdiction’/‘rescue†without†protection’ paradigm alters the nature of human rights, which, rather than functioning as a check on Interdiction, end up co†opted as another securitization/humanitarianization tool.