The Experts below are selected from a list of 189 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
François Boussu - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Weaving processes for composites manufacture
Advances in Composites Manufacturing and Process Design, 2020Co-Authors: François Boussu, Claude Dufour, F. Veyet, M. LefebvreAbstract:Abstract This chapter highlights the required adaptation to be done on a weaving loom to produce 3D warp Interlock Fabrics, especially with commingled yarns. Observations of the weaving process help to understand the different warp and weft yarns' behaviour from the warp beam to the take-up roller, where local and high intensive tensions are measured due to dynamic motions of loom parts. Frictions between yarns and loom parts may cause severe damages and can be solved by several devices to reduce the yarn-to-yarn contact and also friction coefficient. 3D shape of textile preform for composite used to replace existing metallic parts is presented, and the advantages and drawbacks of such a stamping process applied to 3D thick warp Interlock Fabric made with commingled yarns are described.
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An Investigation on the Mechanical Behavior of 3D Warp Interlock Carbon Fabrics
American Society for Composites 2019, 2019Co-Authors: Mehmet Korkmaz, Ahmad Rashed Labanieh, Ayşe Okur, François BoussuAbstract:There is a challenge on the use of stiffer carbon yarns into Fabric structures to be used as fibrous reinforcement of composite material and their capacity to be draped inside the mold. Thus, one of the solution to cope with this issue lies in the use of 3D warp Interlock Fabrics. However, it is a challenge to choose the right 3D warp Interlock architecture that has optimal performance for the requested application. The aim of this research is filling this gap and explores the potential properties of the 3D warp Interlock Fabric as a function of its architecture and geometrical properties. The 3D warp Interlock carbon Fabrics were produced and their tensile properties were investigated in the research. All the Fabrics were produced on the same dobby loom with same carbon yarn (6K - 400 Tex) and with similar warp and weft densities. They were differentiated by binding warp yarn parameters, weave diagram pattern and including or not stuffer warp yarns in the woven structure. The carbon yarn strength was controlled at the different Fabrication scales from bobbin to Fabric in order to track the effect of the weaving process on the yarn strength. No significant loss in the carbon strength is observed. 3D warp Interlock Fabrics are manufactured with different weave pattern and other weaving parameters. The tensile behavior of these Fabrics are evaluated and analyzed in light of the measured shrinkage of the constituting yarns. High impact for the yarn shrinkage value is revealed resulting in a higher breaking strain for the Fabric comparing to the breaking strain of the carbon yarn (less than 1 %)
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engineering of 3d warp Interlock p aramid Fabric structure and its energy absorption capabilities against ballistic impact for body armour applications
Composite Structures, 2019Co-Authors: Mulat Alubel Abtew, François Boussu, Pascal Bruniaux, Carmen Loghin, Irina CristianAbstract:Abstract 3D warp Interlock Fabric became a promising structure to develop women body armour due to its good mouldability. However, its performance toward ballistic impact for different threats should be investigated before applying. This paper aims to investigate the ballistic performances of 3D Interlock p-aramid (Twaron®) Fabric panels’ against NIJ (National Institute of Justice) standard–0101.06 Level-IIIA. The intended Fabric was manufactured on a semi-automatic loom in GEMTEX Laboratory. 2D plain weave Fabric with similar fibre type was also tested for comparison. Various target panels from each structure were arranged and moulded at pre-defined points using an adapted bust-shape forming bench to resemble frontal female body contour. Based on the result, the energy absorption capabilities of 3D Interlock and 2D Fabric panels with a higher number of layers did not reveal a significant difference. However, the 2D Fabric panel absorbed more energy than 3D warp Interlock Fabrics for a reduced and similar number of layers due to its rigid and stiffness property. Besides, both Fabric types had shown less energy transmission to the backing material at the non-moulded target areas as compared to the moulded target area. While shaping the intended panel, 3D Interlock Fabric revealed better mouldability and less recovery behaviour with less wrinkle formations.
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New Textile Composite Solutions for Armouring of Vehicles
Advances in Materials Science and Engineering, 2019Co-Authors: François Boussu, M. Lefebvre, Benjamin Provost, Daniel CoutellierAbstract:In today’s scenario, numerous studies have shown a great interest on 3D woven structures like 3D warp Interlock Fabric as a fibre reinforcement for composite material to provide a better impact than 2D laminated Fabrics with unlinked structures in the thickness. The impact energy absorption capacity depends on different and independent parameters, including the shape and speed of the projectile, the type of fibrous structure (geometry), the type and nature of the threads (raw material, linear density, and twisting value), and the type of impregnation of the composite material. As part of our research work on hard impact protection solutions, the interest of textile composite structures, in particular those integrating 3D warp Interlock Fabrics, has been revealed. Based on the result, protection solutions with such Fabric structure revealed larger dynamic deformation capacity for absorbing the impact energy as compared with not only a ceramic material facing a 12.7 mm ammunition (mass 43 g) at 610 m/s but also those solutions made with metallic materials facing a FSP (diameter 20 mm, mass 54 g) at 630 m/s and 1600 m/s. For each of these different threats, a specific type of composite material has to be used. These composite material solutions are mainly defined to respond to the appropriate mode of impact behaviour.
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Local strain measurements of yarns inside of 3D warp Interlock Fabric during forming process
International Journal of Material Forming, 2018Co-Authors: Clement Dufour, François Boussu, Peng Wang, Damien SoulatAbstract:The final geometry of 3D warp Interlock Fabric needs to be check during the 3D forming step to ensure the right locations of warp and weft yarns inside the final structure. Thus, a new monitoring approach has been proposed based on sensor yarns located in the Fabric thickness. To ensure the accuracy of measurements, the observation of the surface deformation of the 3D warp Interlock Fabric has been joined to the sensor yarns measurements. At the end, it has been revealed a good correlation between strain measurement done globally by camera and locally performed by sensor yarns. Additionally, sensor yarns located in the two directions of the 3D warp Interlock Fabric have revealed a different forming behaviour depending on the architecture and the different slope values of the punch.
Hai-ru Long - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Detection of Weft Knitting Fabric Defects Based on Windowed Texture Information And Threshold Segmentation by CNN
2009 International Conference on Digital Image Processing, 2009Co-Authors: Hai-ru LongAbstract:Methods for detecting weft knitting Fabric defects are studied in this article. A new method to analyze the texture information on the Fabric image with multi-window for enhancing the defects feature is introduced. The feature information of defect is segmented by cellular neural network and three terms of variables are defined to represent the feature. Using Interlock Fabric with the defects of hole, course mark, dropped stitch and fly as experiment materials, the experiment proved the acquired feature information involved adequate information of defects with less effect of noise and the result of classification by artificial neural network was well performed.
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ICDIP - Detection of Weft Knitting Fabric Defects Based on Windowed Texture Information And Threshold Segmentation by CNN
2009 International Conference on Digital Image Processing, 2009Co-Authors: Hai-ru LongAbstract:Methods for detecting weft knitting Fabric defects are studied in this article. A new method to analyze the texture information on the Fabric image with multi-window for enhancing the defects feature is introduced. The feature information of defect is segmented by Cellular Neural Network and three terms of variables are defined to represent the feature. Using Interlock Fabric with the defects of hole, course mark, dropped stitch and fly as experiment materials, the experiment proved the acquired feature information involved adequate information of defects with less effect of noise and the result of classification by Artificial Neural Network was well performed.
Xiaogang Chen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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effect of panel construction on the ballistic performance of multiply 3d through the thickness angle Interlock Fabric reinforced composites
Polymers, 2019Co-Authors: Yuan Chai, Xiaogang ChenAbstract:This paper studied the ballistic performance of 3D woven angle-Interlock Fabric reinforced composites with different types of panel construction. Two types of composites P10B and P17C were designed to have the same areal density of around 12 kg/m2 although they both had different ply areal densities and consisted of different numbers of plies. Non-perforated ballistic impacts were conducted on the two types of panels under the same level of impact energy. Post-mortem examination on the non-perforated panels was conducted through the cross-sectional images, planar projected delamination and 3D damage volume extracted from the non-destructive tests. Three distinctive sections of damage were segmented from the non-perforated panels, each indicating different material failure modes upon impact. Under the same areal density, the coarser composite panel P10B with a larger ply areal density and fewer reinforcement plies would result in less damage. The damage volume of P10B is nearly one-third that of the P17C. The findings are instructive for the design of 3D woven Fabric continuously reinforced composites with doubly-curved shapes.
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Properties of 5-layer angle-Interlock Kevlar-based composite structure manufactured from vacuum bagging
Journal of Composite Materials, 2012Co-Authors: Bilal Zahid, Xiaogang ChenAbstract:The proposed research aims to manufacture, Fabricate and evaluate the 5-layer ‘through-the-thickness’ angle-Interlock composite structure from Kevlar. Results show that composites developed from angle-Interlock Fabric, exhibit different and far better tensile properties in the weft direction as compared to the warp direction. It is much harder to break the fibres in the weft direction than in the warp direction for this particular construction of Kevlar-based composite. This behaviour of composites can lead to better products while developing advanced textile-based composite structures.
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Manufacturing of single-piece textile reinforced riot helmet shell from vacuum bagging
Journal of Composite Materials, 2012Co-Authors: Bilal Zahid, Xiaogang ChenAbstract:The proposed research aims to develop a novel technique for the creation of composite riot helmet shells with reinforcing fibre continuity for better protection against low-velocity impacts. In this research paper, an innovative, simple and effective method of making a single-piece continuous textile reinforced helmet shell using vacuum bagging has been established and discussed. This technique also includes the development of solid collapsible moulding apparatus from nonwoven fibres. Angle-Interlock Fabric, due to its good mouldability, low shear rigidity and ease of production, is used in this research. Several wrinkle-free single-piece composite riot helmet shells have been manufactured.
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use of 3d angle Interlock woven Fabric for seamless female body armor part 1 ballistic evaluation
Textile Research Journal, 2010Co-Authors: Xiaogang Chen, Dan YangAbstract:In contrast to making male body armor, manufacturers of body armor encounter problems in design and manufacture of female body armor because of the curvaceous body shape of females. The traditional cut-and-sew method could be used to form the dome shape to accommodate the bust area but it gives rise to weakness at the seams against projectile impact. Fabric folding has been another way to form the domes but it also leads to reduced impact performance and wearing discomfort. In this paper, angle-Interlock woven Fabrics are proposed as an alternative to the conventional plain woven Fabrics in making female body armor due to their advantages in moldability without the need of cutting or folding and ease in manufacture. However, it is vital that the angle-Interlock Fabrics satisfy the ballistic requirements before being employed for the body armor application. Part 1 of this paper reports on an investigation on the ballistic performance of angle-Interlock Fabrics. It has been found that the angle-Interlock Fabric is not less than the conventional Fabric constructions used for body armor against ballistic impact. Based on the employment of the angle-Interlock Fabric, Part 2 presents the mathematical modeling of molding of angle-Interlock Fabrics to form the front panel of female body armor, which would lead to quick creation of female body armor based on the input of the body and bust sizes.
Damien Soulat - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Local strain measurements of yarns inside of 3D warp Interlock Fabric during forming process
International Journal of Material Forming, 2018Co-Authors: Clement Dufour, François Boussu, Peng Wang, Damien SoulatAbstract:The final geometry of 3D warp Interlock Fabric needs to be check during the 3D forming step to ensure the right locations of warp and weft yarns inside the final structure. Thus, a new monitoring approach has been proposed based on sensor yarns located in the Fabric thickness. To ensure the accuracy of measurements, the observation of the surface deformation of the 3D warp Interlock Fabric has been joined to the sensor yarns measurements. At the end, it has been revealed a good correlation between strain measurement done globally by camera and locally performed by sensor yarns. Additionally, sensor yarns located in the two directions of the 3D warp Interlock Fabric have revealed a different forming behaviour depending on the architecture and the different slope values of the punch.
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manufacture and characterization of 3d warp Interlock Fabric made of flax roving
Microelectronics Systems Education, 2018Co-Authors: Henri Lansiaux, François Boussu, Damien Soulat, Ahmad Rashed LabaniehAbstract:The present study carries on the characterization of dry reinforcement structure for composite material. Yarn properties were analyzed to select the optimal level of twist. The influence of 3D-warp Interlock structure's bending type was also investigated. Structures, made with 1000Tex flax roving, were woven on a dobby loom. Physical characterization and mechanical testing (tensile test) were conducted on the four different binding structures (AL, AT, OL and OT) to provide relevant data and identify the influence of the binding warp yarns' path inside 3D warp Interlock structure.
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innovative monitoring of 3d warp Interlock Fabric during forming process
Microelectronics Systems Education, 2017Co-Authors: Clement Dufour, François Boussu, Damien Soulat, Peng Wang, Ivona Jerkovic, Vladan Koncar, Anamarija Grancaric, P. PineauAbstract:The final geometry of 3D warp Interlock Fabric needs to be check during the 3D forming step to ensure the right locations of warp and weft yarns inside the final structure. Thus, a new monitoring approach has been proposed based on sensor yarns located in the Fabric thickness. To ensure the accuracy of measurements, the observation of the surface deformation of the 3D warp Interlock Fabric has been joined to the sensor yarns measurements. At the end, it has been revealed a good correlation between strain measurement done globally by camera and locally performed by sensor yarns.
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global and local observations of 3d warp Interlock Fabric behaviour during forming process
ESAFORM 2016: Proceedings of the 19th International ESAFORM Conference on Material Forming, 2016Co-Authors: Clement Dufour, François Boussu, Damien Soulat, Peng Wang, Ivona Jerkovic, Vladan Koncar, Anamarija Grancaric, P. PineauAbstract:Forming behaviour of thick 3D Fabric leads to unknown locations of yarns inside the 3D warp Interlock structure. To check their position, global observation of painted points located at the upper surface with cameras and local measurement of the elongation of inserted sensor yarns have been done simultaneously. Depending on the Fabric structure, elongations of yarn reveal the same behaviour as the global structure during the forming process.
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10 – Three-dimensional textiles in the automotive industry
Advances in 3D Textiles, 2015Co-Authors: Claude Dufour, P. Pineau, Damien Soulat, Peng Wang, François BoussuAbstract:This chapter promotes the use of textile composites in automotive applications, according to recent European Union directives. The focus is on textile composite structures to highlight their interesting properties, such as weight reduction and impact resistance. Modification of the manufacturing process to provide a 3D shape of a textile preform for a composite used in the automotive industry, with low cost, high speed and low energy consumption, is discussed. The treated example describes advantages and drawbacks of such a stamping process applied to 3D thick warp Interlock Fabric made with commingled yarns for automotive applications.
Daniel Coutellier - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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New Textile Composite Solutions for Armouring of Vehicles
Advances in Materials Science and Engineering, 2019Co-Authors: François Boussu, M. Lefebvre, Benjamin Provost, Daniel CoutellierAbstract:In today’s scenario, numerous studies have shown a great interest on 3D woven structures like 3D warp Interlock Fabric as a fibre reinforcement for composite material to provide a better impact than 2D laminated Fabrics with unlinked structures in the thickness. The impact energy absorption capacity depends on different and independent parameters, including the shape and speed of the projectile, the type of fibrous structure (geometry), the type and nature of the threads (raw material, linear density, and twisting value), and the type of impregnation of the composite material. As part of our research work on hard impact protection solutions, the interest of textile composite structures, in particular those integrating 3D warp Interlock Fabrics, has been revealed. Based on the result, protection solutions with such Fabric structure revealed larger dynamic deformation capacity for absorbing the impact energy as compared with not only a ceramic material facing a 12.7 mm ammunition (mass 43 g) at 610 m/s but also those solutions made with metallic materials facing a FSP (diameter 20 mm, mass 54 g) at 630 m/s and 1600 m/s. For each of these different threats, a specific type of composite material has to be used. These composite material solutions are mainly defined to respond to the appropriate mode of impact behaviour.
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influence of 3d warp Interlock Fabric parameters on final geometry
Proceedings of the American Society for Composites: Thirty-First Technical Conference, 2016Co-Authors: François Boussu, Christophe Kerisit Caroline Chevalier, Daniel CoutellierAbstract:The exact geometry of 3D warp Interlock Fabric during production is highly dependent on the weaving process. Several Fabric parameters as the number of layers, the weave diagram of linking warp yarns and the end and pick densities can influence the final geometry. Several Fabrics have been produced on the same dobby weaving machine using para-aramid yarns with different warp and weft densities. Thanks to these observations, differences between final geometries of 3D warp Interlock Fabric as the different position of yarn insertion and the cross-section shapes have been revealed.
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high velocity impact on different hybrid architectures of 2d laminated and 3d warp Interlock Fabric composite
EPJ Web of Conferences, 2012Co-Authors: François Boussu, Daniel Coutellier, Benjamin Provost, Daniel Vallee, Fabien RondotAbstract:For decades, conventional amour shield is mainly oriented on metallic materials which are today well-known. Since the use of non conventional threats as IEDs, performances of those protections are required to be upgraded. The expected improvements that manufacturers are looking for are mainly oriented to the weight reduction which is the key parameter to reduce the fuel consumption, increase the payload, and offer more manoeuvrability to vehicles [1]. However, the difficulty is to reduce as cautiously as possible the total mass of the protection solution while ensuring the safety of the vehicle. One of the possible solutions is to use new combinations of materials, able to be more efficient against new threats and lighter than the traditional steel armour. It is in this context that the combination between some well-known ballistic alloys and textile composite material appear as a high potential solution for armour plated protection. Indeed, used as a backing, textile composite material present some interesting properties such as a very low density compared with steel and good behaviour in term of ballistic efficiency. This study proposes to test and compare the behaviour and efficiency of three different textile composite backings.