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Thijs Van De Graaf - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • The International Energy Agency
    2014
    Co-Authors: Thijs Van De Graaf
    Abstract:

    This chapter surveys the role of the IEA as a key component of the International Energy security system. First, it gives an overview of the nature of the Energy security challenges and the key governance regimes that have been set up historically to manage these challenges, including the IEA. Then, it elaborates on the specific roles taken up by the IEA in global Energy governance, particularly in light of the dramatic changes that characterize the global Energy security system. Finally, it gives a comparative overview of the three oil market interventions that the IEA has so far coordinated, before presenting the conclusions.

  • Obsolete or resurgent? The International Energy Agency in a changing global landscape
    Energy Policy, 2012
    Co-Authors: Thijs Van De Graaf
    Abstract:

    Founded in response to the 1973 oil shock, the International Energy Agency (IEA) is arguably still the most important multilateral organization for Energy-importing countries. Yet, the global geopolitical landscape has changed considerably since the IEA’s creation. The rise of new Energy consumers, new Energy-related challenges and new International Energy forums prompt a rethink of the Agency’s current role and institutional design. This article seeks to contribute to the recent debate on the future role of the IEA by examining specific drivers, avenues and constraints for institutional reform. The method used is SWOT analysis, which allows to summarize the key factors emanating from an assessment of an organization’s internal characteristics (strengths and weaknesses) and its external environment (opportunities and threats). Building on this SWOT analysis, the article formulates a strategy for the IEA to remain the focal point in global Energy governance. Key elements of this strategy include: stronger engagement with new consumers, rapprochement with OPEC, becoming a leading voice in the Energy transition, and changing the Agency’s internal governance practices.

  • The International Energy Agency after 35 years: Reform needs and institutional adaptability
    The Review of International Organizations, 2009
    Co-Authors: Thijs Van De Graaf, Dries Lesage
    Abstract:

    Despite the mounting scholarly interest in processes of institutional change in International organizations, still very little is known about how and when such evolutionary dynamics occur. This article hopes to contribute to this young, yet growing body of literature by process-tracing the changes that have occurred in the institutional setup of the International Energy Agency (IEA). Founded during the first oil crisis of 1973–74, the IEA has had to deal with major environmental changes over its lifetime. In response, the Agency has diversified away from its original raison d’être , namely managing an emergency oil sharing mechanism, to become a more proactive policy adviser guiding its member governments toward sustainable Energy economies. The article seeks to explain the observed patterns of change and inertia, using a theoretic paradigm that builds on theories of “new institutionalism.” The paper argues that the Agency’s institutional flexibility can only be fully explained by taking into account a combination of factors: (1) the member states’ choices, in particular the impulses of the G8-members of the IEA; (2) path dependency, especially the institutional link with the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD); and (3) Agency by the secretariat and the executive bureau of the IEA.

  • the International Energy Agency after 35 years reform needs and institutional adaptability
    Review of International Organizations, 2009
    Co-Authors: Thijs Van De Graaf, Dries Lesage
    Abstract:

    Despite the mounting scholarly interest in processes of institutional change in International organizations, still very little is known about how and when such evolutionary dynamics occur. This article hopes to contribute to this young, yet growing body of literature by process-tracing the changes that have occurred in the institutional setup of the International Energy Agency (IEA). Founded during the first oil crisis of 1973–74, the IEA has had to deal with major environmental changes over its lifetime. In response, the Agency has diversified away from its original raison d’etre, namely managing an emergency oil sharing mechanism, to become a more proactive policy adviser guiding its member governments toward sustainable Energy economies. The article seeks to explain the observed patterns of change and inertia, using a theoretic paradigm that builds on theories of “new institutionalism.” The paper argues that the Agency’s institutional flexibility can only be fully explained by taking into account a combination of factors: (1) the member states’ choices, in particular the impulses of the G8-members of the IEA; (2) path dependency, especially the institutional link with the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD); and (3) Agency by the secretariat and the executive bureau of the IEA.

Rolf Widmer - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Estimated Environmental Effects of the Worldwide Electric Vehicle Fleet: A Life Cycle Assessment in Task 19 of the International Energy Agency (IEA) on Hybrid and Electric Vehicles (HEV)
    2015
    Co-Authors: Gerfried Jungmeier, Simone Ehrenberger, Amgad Elgowainy, Jennifer Dunn, Rolf Widmer
    Abstract:

    Electric vehicles have the potential to substitute for conventional vehicles to contribute to the sustainable development of the transportation sector worldwide, for example through the reduction of greenhouse gas and particle emissions. There is International consensus that the improvement of the environmental sustainability by electric vehicles can only be analysed on the basis of life cycle assessment (LCA) including the production, operation and the end of life treatment of these vehicles. Based on the LCA activities in the 18 member countries, the Task 19 “Life Cycle Assessment of Electric Vehicles - From Raw Material Resources to Waste Management of Vehicles with an Electric Drivetrain” of International Energy Agency (IEA) Implementing Agreement on Hybrid and Electric Vehicles (IA-HEV) analysed the LCA based environmental effects of the worldwide electric vehicle fleet in 2014 of about 700,000 Battery Electric Vehicles (BEV) and Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEV). By the end of 2015 it is expected that about 1 million modern vehicles with an electric drive train are on the road worldwide. In the LCA of these vehicles using the different national framework conditions, the environmental effects are estimated by assessing the possible ranges of greenhouse gas emissions (CO2, CH4, N2O), acidification (NOx, SO2), ozone formation (NOx, CO, NMVOC, CH4) and particle matter (PM) emissions in comparison to conventional ICE vehicles (released in 2014). The results show that the environmental effects strongly depend on the national framework condition, i.e., national mix of electricity generation. In some countries a significant reduction of these LCA based emissions of up to 80%, compared to conventional ICE vehicles, is reached due to a high share of renewable electricity. So there is evidence that under appropriate framework conditions, electric vehicles contribute to a sustainable transportation sector today, and can play a substantial role in the future with the expected increasing renewable electricity generation.

  • life cycle assessment of electric vehicles key issues of task 19 of the International Energy Agency iea on hybrid and electric vehicles hev
    Transport Research Arena (TRA) 5th Conference: Transport Solutions from Research to DeploymentEuropean CommissionConference of European Directors of R, 2014
    Co-Authors: Gerfried Jungmeier, Simone Ehrenberger, Hans-jörg Althaus, Enver Doruk Özdemir, Linda Gaines, Jennifer B. Dunn, Amgad Elgowainy, Rolf Widmer
    Abstract:

    Electric vehicles have the potential to substitute conventional vehicles and to contribute to the sustainable development of the transportation sector worldwide. There is an International consensus that the sustainability assessment of electric vehicles should be performed on a life cycle basis, including production, operation and end of life. Based on life cycle assessment activities in the 18 member countries, the International Energy Agency Implementing Agreement on Hybrid and Electric Vehicles (IA-HEV) formed a Task on the LCA of electric vehicles. In Task 19, “Life Cycle Assessment of Electric Vehicles - From raw material resources to waste management of vehicles with an electric drivetrain,” the key LCA issues that apply to EVs were identified and applied in various case studies. The following seven key categories were identified, evaluated and applied in “best practice” applications: 1) General issues, 2) Life cycle modelling approach, 3) Vehicle cycle (production – use – end of life), 4) Electricity production, 5) Inventory analysis, 6) Impact assessment 7) Reference system.

  • Life cycle assessment of electric vehicles – key issues of task 19 of the International Energy Agency (IEA) on Hybrid and Electric Vehicles (HEV)
    2014
    Co-Authors: Gerfried Jungmeier, Simone Ehrenberger, Hans-jörg Althaus, Enver Doruk Özdemir, Linda Gaines, Jennifer B. Dunn, Amgad Elgowainy, Rolf Widmer
    Abstract:

    Electric vehicles have the potential to substitute conventional vehicles and to contribute to the sustainable development of the transportation sector worldwide. There is an International consensus that the sustainability assessment of electric vehicles should be performed on a life cycle basis, including production, operation and end of life. Based on life cycle assessment activities in the 18 member countries, the International Energy Agency Implementing Agreement on Hybrid and Electric Vehicles (IA-HEV) formed a Task on the LCA of electric vehicles. In Task 19, “Life Cycle Assessment of Electric Vehicles - From raw material resources to waste management of vehicles with an electric drivetrain,” the key LCA issues that apply to EVs were identified and applied in various case studies. The following seven key categories were identified, evaluated and applied in “best practice” applications: 1) General issues, 2) Life cycle modelling approach, 3) Vehicle cycle (production – use – end of life), 4) Electricity production, 5) Inventory analysis, 6) Impact assessment 7) Reference system.

Aldo Steinfeld - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

J Smeenk - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • comparison of a solvent free tar quantification method to the International Energy Agency s tar measurement protocol
    Energy & Fuels, 2005
    Co-Authors: Robert C Brown, Glenn A Norton, J Smeenk
    Abstract:

    This paper presents a new method for measuring tar concentration in biomass-derived producer gas streams. This solvent-free method is much simpler than the evaporative method of the International Energy Agency (IEA) tar protocol. In tests on producer gas from a fluidized bed biomass gasifier this so-called dry condenser method yielded tar measurements with precision better than 5% and accuracy averaging to within 10% of the IEA tar protocol. Comparisons of water vapor concentrations in producer gas as determined by the two methodologies showed poor agreement, which appears to be due to the low precision of both techniques for this measurement, possibly the result of dissolved hydrocarbons in the recovered aqueous phases.

Frank Biermann - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Integrating global Energy and climate governance: The changing role of the International Energy Agency
    Energy Policy, 2015
    Co-Authors: Harald Heubaum, Frank Biermann
    Abstract:

    Despite the long-recognized interlinkages between global Energy consumption and climate change, there has historically been only limited policy interaction, let alone integration, between the two fields. This compartmentalization is mirrored in scholarship, where much research has focused on the fragmentation of, respectively, global Energy and global climate governance, but only little has been said about how these fields might be integrated. Our analysis of the International Energy Agency's (IEA) changing activities in recent years shows that governance integration - both within global Energy governance and between global Energy and climate governance - is now happening. The IEA has broadened its portfolio to embrace the full spectrum of Energy issues, including renewable Energy and climate change; it has built and is expanding key partnerships with both the UN climate convention and the International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA); and it has become an authoritative advocate for the inter-related goals of a low-carbon transition and climate change mitigation. We show that these developments are not the result of a top-down plan, but have rather emerged through the Agency's various efforts to pursue its Energy-centric mandate in a fast-changing global policy environment.