International Lending

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John S. Zdanowicz - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Money Laundering and Income Tax Evasion: The Determination of Optimal Audits and Inspections to Detect Abnormal Prices in International Trade By
    2015
    Co-Authors: Maria E. De Boyrie, Simon J. Pak, John S. Zdanowicz
    Abstract:

    Untrimmed pillow cases imported from France for $909.29 each? Slip joint pliers from the UK for $489.75 each? Razor blades from Panama for $29.35 each? Machine guns exported to France for $364.08 each? Military rifles to the UK for $106.87 each? SLR 35mm cameras to Colombia for $7.44 each? These and thousands of similar transactions reveal the magnitude of abnormal pricing in International trade. However, the inability to analyze the massive amounts of detailed data contained in International trade data bases have allowed for many to use International trade as a means to launder money and evade taxes. The purpose of this paper, therefore, is to present a statistical auditing system that provides a methodology to conduct a statistical analysis of International trade prices. This analysis can help governmental and International Lending agencies, as well as private sector firms who engage in International trade, determine the optimal level of audits and inspections of inbound and outbound cargos needed to detect abnormally priced imports and exports

  • estimating the magnitude of capital flight due to abnormal pricing in International trade the russia usa case
    Accounting Forum, 2005
    Co-Authors: Maria E. De Boyrie, Simon J. Pak, John S. Zdanowicz
    Abstract:

    Governmental and International Lending agencies, as well as private sector firms, who engage in International trade, have long been concerned with detecting and determining the magnitude of abnormal pricing in International trade. To detect such abnormal pricings, we present a framework analyzing millions of import/export transactions between the U.S. and Russia. The objectives of this study are to estimate the economic impact of over-invoiced/under-invoiced Russian imports/exports from/to the U.S. and to determine if capital movement/capital flight through trade is due to money laundering, tax evasion or some sort of portfolio consideration. Our results lead us to conclude that capital movement through trade in this case can be attributed to either money laundering and/or tax evasion.

  • estimating the magnitude of capital flight due to abnormal pricing in International trade the russia usa case
    Accounting Forum, 2005
    Co-Authors: Maria E. De Boyrie, Simon J. Pak, John S. Zdanowicz
    Abstract:

    Governmental and International Lending agencies, as well as private sector firms, who engage in International trade, have long been concerned with detecting and determining the magnitude of abnorma...

  • money laundering and income tax evasion the determination of optimal audits and inspections to detect abnormal prices in International trade
    Journal of Financial Crime, 2005
    Co-Authors: Maria E. De Boyrie, Simon J. Pak, John S. Zdanowicz
    Abstract:

    Presents a statistical auditing system which gives a methodology for statistical analysis of International trade prices. Discusses how this can help governments and International Lending agencies, or Internationally trading firms, determine the optimal level of audits and physical inspections of cargoes in order to detect abnormally priced imports and exports, using a cost ‐ benefit approach. Applies a computer program to analyse transactions in any commodity between the USA and any other country, and describes the data set and methodology for determining upper and lower bound prices, using the inter‐quartile range as the benchmark for determining abnormality. Presents results from earlier studies and gives an example of how the proposed statistical auditing system can be used.

Maria E. De Boyrie - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Money Laundering and Income Tax Evasion: The Determination of Optimal Audits and Inspections to Detect Abnormal Prices in International Trade By
    2015
    Co-Authors: Maria E. De Boyrie, Simon J. Pak, John S. Zdanowicz
    Abstract:

    Untrimmed pillow cases imported from France for $909.29 each? Slip joint pliers from the UK for $489.75 each? Razor blades from Panama for $29.35 each? Machine guns exported to France for $364.08 each? Military rifles to the UK for $106.87 each? SLR 35mm cameras to Colombia for $7.44 each? These and thousands of similar transactions reveal the magnitude of abnormal pricing in International trade. However, the inability to analyze the massive amounts of detailed data contained in International trade data bases have allowed for many to use International trade as a means to launder money and evade taxes. The purpose of this paper, therefore, is to present a statistical auditing system that provides a methodology to conduct a statistical analysis of International trade prices. This analysis can help governmental and International Lending agencies, as well as private sector firms who engage in International trade, determine the optimal level of audits and inspections of inbound and outbound cargos needed to detect abnormally priced imports and exports

  • estimating the magnitude of capital flight due to abnormal pricing in International trade the russia usa case
    Accounting Forum, 2005
    Co-Authors: Maria E. De Boyrie, Simon J. Pak, John S. Zdanowicz
    Abstract:

    Governmental and International Lending agencies, as well as private sector firms, who engage in International trade, have long been concerned with detecting and determining the magnitude of abnormal pricing in International trade. To detect such abnormal pricings, we present a framework analyzing millions of import/export transactions between the U.S. and Russia. The objectives of this study are to estimate the economic impact of over-invoiced/under-invoiced Russian imports/exports from/to the U.S. and to determine if capital movement/capital flight through trade is due to money laundering, tax evasion or some sort of portfolio consideration. Our results lead us to conclude that capital movement through trade in this case can be attributed to either money laundering and/or tax evasion.

  • estimating the magnitude of capital flight due to abnormal pricing in International trade the russia usa case
    Accounting Forum, 2005
    Co-Authors: Maria E. De Boyrie, Simon J. Pak, John S. Zdanowicz
    Abstract:

    Governmental and International Lending agencies, as well as private sector firms, who engage in International trade, have long been concerned with detecting and determining the magnitude of abnorma...

  • money laundering and income tax evasion the determination of optimal audits and inspections to detect abnormal prices in International trade
    Journal of Financial Crime, 2005
    Co-Authors: Maria E. De Boyrie, Simon J. Pak, John S. Zdanowicz
    Abstract:

    Presents a statistical auditing system which gives a methodology for statistical analysis of International trade prices. Discusses how this can help governments and International Lending agencies, or Internationally trading firms, determine the optimal level of audits and physical inspections of cargoes in order to detect abnormally priced imports and exports, using a cost ‐ benefit approach. Applies a computer program to analyse transactions in any commodity between the USA and any other country, and describes the data set and methodology for determining upper and lower bound prices, using the inter‐quartile range as the benchmark for determining abnormality. Presents results from earlier studies and gives an example of how the proposed statistical auditing system can be used.

Simon J. Pak - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Money Laundering and Income Tax Evasion: The Determination of Optimal Audits and Inspections to Detect Abnormal Prices in International Trade By
    2015
    Co-Authors: Maria E. De Boyrie, Simon J. Pak, John S. Zdanowicz
    Abstract:

    Untrimmed pillow cases imported from France for $909.29 each? Slip joint pliers from the UK for $489.75 each? Razor blades from Panama for $29.35 each? Machine guns exported to France for $364.08 each? Military rifles to the UK for $106.87 each? SLR 35mm cameras to Colombia for $7.44 each? These and thousands of similar transactions reveal the magnitude of abnormal pricing in International trade. However, the inability to analyze the massive amounts of detailed data contained in International trade data bases have allowed for many to use International trade as a means to launder money and evade taxes. The purpose of this paper, therefore, is to present a statistical auditing system that provides a methodology to conduct a statistical analysis of International trade prices. This analysis can help governmental and International Lending agencies, as well as private sector firms who engage in International trade, determine the optimal level of audits and inspections of inbound and outbound cargos needed to detect abnormally priced imports and exports

  • estimating the magnitude of capital flight due to abnormal pricing in International trade the russia usa case
    Accounting Forum, 2005
    Co-Authors: Maria E. De Boyrie, Simon J. Pak, John S. Zdanowicz
    Abstract:

    Governmental and International Lending agencies, as well as private sector firms, who engage in International trade, have long been concerned with detecting and determining the magnitude of abnormal pricing in International trade. To detect such abnormal pricings, we present a framework analyzing millions of import/export transactions between the U.S. and Russia. The objectives of this study are to estimate the economic impact of over-invoiced/under-invoiced Russian imports/exports from/to the U.S. and to determine if capital movement/capital flight through trade is due to money laundering, tax evasion or some sort of portfolio consideration. Our results lead us to conclude that capital movement through trade in this case can be attributed to either money laundering and/or tax evasion.

  • estimating the magnitude of capital flight due to abnormal pricing in International trade the russia usa case
    Accounting Forum, 2005
    Co-Authors: Maria E. De Boyrie, Simon J. Pak, John S. Zdanowicz
    Abstract:

    Governmental and International Lending agencies, as well as private sector firms, who engage in International trade, have long been concerned with detecting and determining the magnitude of abnorma...

  • money laundering and income tax evasion the determination of optimal audits and inspections to detect abnormal prices in International trade
    Journal of Financial Crime, 2005
    Co-Authors: Maria E. De Boyrie, Simon J. Pak, John S. Zdanowicz
    Abstract:

    Presents a statistical auditing system which gives a methodology for statistical analysis of International trade prices. Discusses how this can help governments and International Lending agencies, or Internationally trading firms, determine the optimal level of audits and physical inspections of cargoes in order to detect abnormally priced imports and exports, using a cost ‐ benefit approach. Applies a computer program to analyse transactions in any commodity between the USA and any other country, and describes the data set and methodology for determining upper and lower bound prices, using the inter‐quartile range as the benchmark for determining abnormality. Presents results from earlier studies and gives an example of how the proposed statistical auditing system can be used.

Zakharova Olha - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Wyzwania i zagrożenia dla zabezpieczenia zadłużenia państw Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej
    'Adam Mickiewicz University Poznan', 2021
    Co-Authors: Chentukov Yurii, Marena Tetyana, Zakharova Olha
    Abstract:

    The study aims to identify the debt security weaknesses in the CEE countries and determine challenges and threats to the debt security of national economies and the CEE region. To achieve this goal, general and specific research methods have been used, including historical and logical methods, analysis and synthesis, structural and functional analysis, generalization and abstraction, a systematic approach, classification, and statistical methods. It is found out that the situation with debt security in the CEE region is quite controversial. The average external debt indicators of the CEE countries are in the unsafe zone, while the average solvency is at a relatively safe level. The analysis of external indebtedness and solvency indicators shows that the CEE group is highly heterogeneous regarding the level of countries’ debt security. Despite some improvement in the debt security of CEE economies during 2017–2019, the prospects for the development of the debt situation are rather vague. It is due to the growing impact of external challenges and threats to the debt security of the region, including the deterioration of the global economic environment and global recession, increase in credit risks and contraction in the International Lending, global economic and political imbalances, and policy divergence, growing government spending on solving problems caused by the COVID-19 and corresponding pressure on public budgets, the general growth of global debt. Given the high heterogeneity of CEE countries in terms of current debt security, the manifestation of global challenges in each national economy can be rather diverse.Celem badania jest identyfikacja słabości bezpieczeństwa długu w krajach Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej oraz określenie wyzwań i zagrożeń dla bezpieczeństwa długu gospodarek narodowych i regionu. Aby osiągnąć ten cel, zastosowano ogólne i szczegółowe metody badawcze, w tym metody historyczne i logiczne, analizę i syntezę, analizę strukturalną i funkcjonalną, uogólnienie i abstrakcję, podejście systematyczne, klasyfikację i metody statystyczne. Okazuje się, że sytuacja z papierami dłużnymi w regionie jest dość kontrowersyjna. Średnie wskaźniki zadłużenia zewnętrznego państw Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej znajdują się w strefie niebezpiecznej, natomiast średnia wypłacalność jest na stosunkowo bezpiecznym poziomie. Analiza wskaźników zadłużenia zewnętrznego i wypłacalności pokazuje, że grupa państw Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej jest bardzo zróżnicowana pod względem poziomu bezpieczeństwa zadłużenia krajów.2135152Środkowoeuropejskie Studia Polityczn

  • Wyzwania i zagrożenia dla zabezpieczenia zadłużenia państw Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej
    'Adam Mickiewicz University Poznan', 2021
    Co-Authors: Chentukov Yurii, Marena Tetyana, Zakharova Olha
    Abstract:

    The study aims to identify the debt security weaknesses in the CEE countries and determine challenges and threats to the debt security of national economies and the CEE region. To achieve this goal, general and specific research methods have been used, including historical and logical methods, analysis and synthesis, structural and functional analysis, generalization and abstraction, a systematic approach, classification, and statistical methods. It is found out that the situation with debt security in the CEE region is quite controversial. The average external debt indicators of the CEE countries are in the unsafe zone, while the average solvency is at a relatively safe level. The analysis of external indebtedness and solvency indicators shows that the CEE group is highly heterogeneous regarding the level of countries’ debt security. Despite some improvement in the debt security of CEE economies during 2017–2019, the prospects for the development of the debt situation are rather vague. It is due to the growing impact of external challenges and threats to the debt security of the region, including the deterioration of the global economic environment and global recession, increase in credit risks and contraction in the International Lending, global economic and political imbalances, and policy divergence, growing government spending on solving problems caused by the COVID-19 and corresponding pressure on public budgets, the general growth of global debt. Given the high heterogeneity of CEE countries in terms of current debt security, the manifestation of global challenges in each national economy can be rather diverse.Celem badania jest identyfikacja słabości bezpieczeństwa długu w krajach Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej oraz określenie wyzwań i zagrożeń dla bezpieczeństwa długu gospodarek narodowych i regionu. Aby osiągnąć ten cel, zastosowano ogólne i szczegółowe metody badawcze, w tym metody historyczne i logiczne, analizę i syntezę, analizę strukturalną i funkcjonalną, uogólnienie i abstrakcję, podejście systematyczne, klasyfikację i metody statystyczne. Okazuje się, że sytuacja z papierami dłużnymi w regionie jest dość kontrowersyjna. Średnie wskaźniki zadłużenia zewnętrznego państw Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej znajdują się w strefie niebezpiecznej, natomiast średnia wypłacalność jest na stosunkowo bezpiecznym poziomie. Analiza wskaźników zadłużenia zewnętrznego i wypłacalności pokazuje, że grupa państw Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej jest bardzo zróżnicowana pod względem poziomu bezpieczeństwa zadłużenia krajów

Chentukov Yurii - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Wyzwania i zagrożenia dla zabezpieczenia zadłużenia państw Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej
    'Adam Mickiewicz University Poznan', 2021
    Co-Authors: Chentukov Yurii, Marena Tetyana, Zakharova Olha
    Abstract:

    The study aims to identify the debt security weaknesses in the CEE countries and determine challenges and threats to the debt security of national economies and the CEE region. To achieve this goal, general and specific research methods have been used, including historical and logical methods, analysis and synthesis, structural and functional analysis, generalization and abstraction, a systematic approach, classification, and statistical methods. It is found out that the situation with debt security in the CEE region is quite controversial. The average external debt indicators of the CEE countries are in the unsafe zone, while the average solvency is at a relatively safe level. The analysis of external indebtedness and solvency indicators shows that the CEE group is highly heterogeneous regarding the level of countries’ debt security. Despite some improvement in the debt security of CEE economies during 2017–2019, the prospects for the development of the debt situation are rather vague. It is due to the growing impact of external challenges and threats to the debt security of the region, including the deterioration of the global economic environment and global recession, increase in credit risks and contraction in the International Lending, global economic and political imbalances, and policy divergence, growing government spending on solving problems caused by the COVID-19 and corresponding pressure on public budgets, the general growth of global debt. Given the high heterogeneity of CEE countries in terms of current debt security, the manifestation of global challenges in each national economy can be rather diverse.Celem badania jest identyfikacja słabości bezpieczeństwa długu w krajach Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej oraz określenie wyzwań i zagrożeń dla bezpieczeństwa długu gospodarek narodowych i regionu. Aby osiągnąć ten cel, zastosowano ogólne i szczegółowe metody badawcze, w tym metody historyczne i logiczne, analizę i syntezę, analizę strukturalną i funkcjonalną, uogólnienie i abstrakcję, podejście systematyczne, klasyfikację i metody statystyczne. Okazuje się, że sytuacja z papierami dłużnymi w regionie jest dość kontrowersyjna. Średnie wskaźniki zadłużenia zewnętrznego państw Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej znajdują się w strefie niebezpiecznej, natomiast średnia wypłacalność jest na stosunkowo bezpiecznym poziomie. Analiza wskaźników zadłużenia zewnętrznego i wypłacalności pokazuje, że grupa państw Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej jest bardzo zróżnicowana pod względem poziomu bezpieczeństwa zadłużenia krajów.2135152Środkowoeuropejskie Studia Polityczn

  • Wyzwania i zagrożenia dla zabezpieczenia zadłużenia państw Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej
    'Adam Mickiewicz University Poznan', 2021
    Co-Authors: Chentukov Yurii, Marena Tetyana, Zakharova Olha
    Abstract:

    The study aims to identify the debt security weaknesses in the CEE countries and determine challenges and threats to the debt security of national economies and the CEE region. To achieve this goal, general and specific research methods have been used, including historical and logical methods, analysis and synthesis, structural and functional analysis, generalization and abstraction, a systematic approach, classification, and statistical methods. It is found out that the situation with debt security in the CEE region is quite controversial. The average external debt indicators of the CEE countries are in the unsafe zone, while the average solvency is at a relatively safe level. The analysis of external indebtedness and solvency indicators shows that the CEE group is highly heterogeneous regarding the level of countries’ debt security. Despite some improvement in the debt security of CEE economies during 2017–2019, the prospects for the development of the debt situation are rather vague. It is due to the growing impact of external challenges and threats to the debt security of the region, including the deterioration of the global economic environment and global recession, increase in credit risks and contraction in the International Lending, global economic and political imbalances, and policy divergence, growing government spending on solving problems caused by the COVID-19 and corresponding pressure on public budgets, the general growth of global debt. Given the high heterogeneity of CEE countries in terms of current debt security, the manifestation of global challenges in each national economy can be rather diverse.Celem badania jest identyfikacja słabości bezpieczeństwa długu w krajach Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej oraz określenie wyzwań i zagrożeń dla bezpieczeństwa długu gospodarek narodowych i regionu. Aby osiągnąć ten cel, zastosowano ogólne i szczegółowe metody badawcze, w tym metody historyczne i logiczne, analizę i syntezę, analizę strukturalną i funkcjonalną, uogólnienie i abstrakcję, podejście systematyczne, klasyfikację i metody statystyczne. Okazuje się, że sytuacja z papierami dłużnymi w regionie jest dość kontrowersyjna. Średnie wskaźniki zadłużenia zewnętrznego państw Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej znajdują się w strefie niebezpiecznej, natomiast średnia wypłacalność jest na stosunkowo bezpiecznym poziomie. Analiza wskaźników zadłużenia zewnętrznego i wypłacalności pokazuje, że grupa państw Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej jest bardzo zróżnicowana pod względem poziomu bezpieczeństwa zadłużenia krajów

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