The Experts below are selected from a list of 252 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Julie Hecht - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Examining dog–human play: the characteristics, affect, and vocalizations of a unique Interspecific Interaction
Animal Cognition, 2016Co-Authors: Alexandra Horowitz, Julie HechtAbstract:Despite the growing interest in research on the Interaction between humans and dogs, only a very few research projects focus on the routines between dogs and their owners. In this study, we investigated one such routine: dog–human play. Dyadic Interspecific play is known to be a common Interaction between owner and charge, but the details of what counts as play have not been thoroughly researched. Similarly, though people represent that “play” is pleasurable, no study has yet undertaken to determine whether different forms of play are associated with different affective states. Thus, we aimed to generate an inventory of the forms of dyadic play, the vocalizations within play, and to investigate the relationship of affect to elements of play. Via a global citizen science project, we solicited videotapes of dog–human play sessions from dog owners. We coded 187 play bouts via frame-by-frame video playback. We then assessed the relationship between various intra-bout variables and owner affect (positive or neutral) during play (dog affect was overwhelmingly positive). Amount of physical contact (“touch”), level of activity of owner (“movement”), and physical closeness of dog–owner dyad (“proximity”) were highly correlated with positive affect. Owner vocalizations were found to contain different elements in positive- and neutral-affect play. One novel category of play, “tease”, was found. We conclude that not all play is created equal: the experience of play to the owner participant is strongly related to a few identifiable characteristics of the Interaction.
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examining dog human play the characteristics affect and vocalizations of a unique Interspecific Interaction
Animal Cognition, 2016Co-Authors: Alexandra Horowitz, Julie HechtAbstract:Despite the growing interest in research on the Interaction between humans and dogs, only a very few research projects focus on the routines between dogs and their owners. In this study, we investigated one such routine: dog–human play. Dyadic Interspecific play is known to be a common Interaction between owner and charge, but the details of what counts as play have not been thoroughly researched. Similarly, though people represent that “play” is pleasurable, no study has yet undertaken to determine whether different forms of play are associated with different affective states. Thus, we aimed to generate an inventory of the forms of dyadic play, the vocalizations within play, and to investigate the relationship of affect to elements of play. Via a global citizen science project, we solicited videotapes of dog–human play sessions from dog owners. We coded 187 play bouts via frame-by-frame video playback. We then assessed the relationship between various intra-bout variables and owner affect (positive or neutral) during play (dog affect was overwhelmingly positive). Amount of physical contact (“touch”), level of activity of owner (“movement”), and physical closeness of dog–owner dyad (“proximity”) were highly correlated with positive affect. Owner vocalizations were found to contain different elements in positive- and neutral-affect play. One novel category of play, “tease”, was found. We conclude that not all play is created equal: the experience of play to the owner participant is strongly related to a few identifiable characteristics of the Interaction.
Frans J M Ellenbroek - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Interspecific competition in the shrews sorex araneus and sorex minutus soricidae insectivora a population study of the irish pygmy shrew
Journal of Zoology, 2009Co-Authors: Frans J M EllenbroekAbstract:Sorex araneus and S. minutus, which are likely to show a temporary vertical habitat segregation, are largely sympatric, except in Ireland, where S. minutus occurs alone. Two mechanisms for this segregation may be suggested: a direct Interspecific Interaction or an evolutionary fixed relationship. Population densities and surface activity were measured, both in areas where the two species occur together (The Netherlands) and in areas in Ireland, in (order to investigate the possibility of a habitat shift and its influence on population density. No such effect was found in the present study.
Zhaojun Bu - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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facilitation vs competition does Interspecific Interaction affect drought responses in sphagnum
Basic and Applied Ecology, 2013Co-Authors: Zhaojun Bu, Xingxing Zheng, Hakan Rydin, Tim R MooreAbstract:The stress-gradient hypothesis (SGH) predicts that the relative importance of competition decreases and facilitation increases with an increase in abiotic stress. In peatlands, Sphagnum faces the threat of drought and differentiates into hummock species (drought-tolerant) and hollow species. Whether Interspecific Interaction affects the influence of drought on bryophyte composition in peatlands is unknown. We established an experiment by simulating drought and building bryophyte communities with two hummock species (S. palustre and S. capillifolium) and one hollow species (S. fallax). In all three species, drought decreased biomass production, height increment and side-shoot production. Sphagnum stores water in the hyaline cells, and leaf hyaline cell percentage (HCP) in the two hummock species increased with drought while no effect was found in S. fallax, suggesting that adjusting HCP is not an effective response to drought for the hollow species. Morphological traits and carbon and nitrogen contents in hummock species responded more to drought than in the hollow species, indicating a rapid response in phenotypic plasticity is an important strategy to resist drought in the hummock species. The presence of neighboring Sphagnum species, rather than drought, decreased carbon content for all three species. All three bryophytes showed Interaction between drought and neighbor in two or more plant traits. Our study, however, did not support SGH, and there were no changes from competition under wet to facilitation under dry treatments in any of the six species combinations. On the contrary, when S. fallax was the target species, a change from facilitation under wet to competition under dry treatments was observed. The results suggest that hummock species can facilitate hollow species in wet environments but they could suppress hollow species under drought conditions by competing for water resources. Both drought and strong competition are the probable reasons why hollow species rarely grow in hummocks.
Alexandra Horowitz - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Examining dog–human play: the characteristics, affect, and vocalizations of a unique Interspecific Interaction
Animal Cognition, 2016Co-Authors: Alexandra Horowitz, Julie HechtAbstract:Despite the growing interest in research on the Interaction between humans and dogs, only a very few research projects focus on the routines between dogs and their owners. In this study, we investigated one such routine: dog–human play. Dyadic Interspecific play is known to be a common Interaction between owner and charge, but the details of what counts as play have not been thoroughly researched. Similarly, though people represent that “play” is pleasurable, no study has yet undertaken to determine whether different forms of play are associated with different affective states. Thus, we aimed to generate an inventory of the forms of dyadic play, the vocalizations within play, and to investigate the relationship of affect to elements of play. Via a global citizen science project, we solicited videotapes of dog–human play sessions from dog owners. We coded 187 play bouts via frame-by-frame video playback. We then assessed the relationship between various intra-bout variables and owner affect (positive or neutral) during play (dog affect was overwhelmingly positive). Amount of physical contact (“touch”), level of activity of owner (“movement”), and physical closeness of dog–owner dyad (“proximity”) were highly correlated with positive affect. Owner vocalizations were found to contain different elements in positive- and neutral-affect play. One novel category of play, “tease”, was found. We conclude that not all play is created equal: the experience of play to the owner participant is strongly related to a few identifiable characteristics of the Interaction.
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examining dog human play the characteristics affect and vocalizations of a unique Interspecific Interaction
Animal Cognition, 2016Co-Authors: Alexandra Horowitz, Julie HechtAbstract:Despite the growing interest in research on the Interaction between humans and dogs, only a very few research projects focus on the routines between dogs and their owners. In this study, we investigated one such routine: dog–human play. Dyadic Interspecific play is known to be a common Interaction between owner and charge, but the details of what counts as play have not been thoroughly researched. Similarly, though people represent that “play” is pleasurable, no study has yet undertaken to determine whether different forms of play are associated with different affective states. Thus, we aimed to generate an inventory of the forms of dyadic play, the vocalizations within play, and to investigate the relationship of affect to elements of play. Via a global citizen science project, we solicited videotapes of dog–human play sessions from dog owners. We coded 187 play bouts via frame-by-frame video playback. We then assessed the relationship between various intra-bout variables and owner affect (positive or neutral) during play (dog affect was overwhelmingly positive). Amount of physical contact (“touch”), level of activity of owner (“movement”), and physical closeness of dog–owner dyad (“proximity”) were highly correlated with positive affect. Owner vocalizations were found to contain different elements in positive- and neutral-affect play. One novel category of play, “tease”, was found. We conclude that not all play is created equal: the experience of play to the owner participant is strongly related to a few identifiable characteristics of the Interaction.
Yasuo Igarashi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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label free differentially proteomic analysis of Interspecific Interaction between white rot fungi highlights oxidative stress response and high metabolic activity
Fungal Biology, 2018Co-Authors: Zixuan Zhong, Nannan Li, Binghui He, Yasuo IgarashiAbstract:Abstract The laccase production by mycelial antagonistic Interaction among white-rot fungi is a very important pathway for lignin degradation research. To gain a better understanding of competitive mechanisms under mycelial antagonistic Interaction among three lignin-degrading white-rot basidiomycetes of Trametesversicolor (Tv), Pleurotusostreatus (Po) and Dichomitussqualens (Ds), mycelial morphology and proteins in three co-culture combinations TvPo (Tv cocultivated with Po), PoDs (Po cocultivated with Ds), TvDs (Tv cocultivated with Ds) were compared with corresponding each two mono-cultures. In this study, scanning electron microscopy detection of co-cultures indicated a highly close attachment of fungal hyphae with each other and conidiation could be inhibited under fungal Interaction. In addition, a label-free proteomic analysis revealed changes on fungal proteomes existed in their counterpart competitors of co-culture. The maximum number of 1020 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were identified in PoDs relative to Po while the minimum number of 367 DEPs were identified in PoDs relative to Ds. Notably, we also found a large number of overexpressed proteins were oxidative stress-related proteins, followed by carbohydrate metabolism-related proteins and energy production-related proteins in all three co-culture combinations compared with control. These results were important for the future exploration of molecular mechanisms underlying lignin-degrading fungal Interaction.
