The Experts below are selected from a list of 1776 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Christina J. Campbell - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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copulation in free ranging black handed spider monkeys ateles geoffroyi
American Journal of Primatology, 2006Co-Authors: Christina J. CampbellAbstract:I report ad libitum data on 18 copulations involving free-ranging black-handed spider monkeys (Ateles geoffroyi) on Barro Colorado Island, Panama. All copulations were performed in a dorsoventral position, as is typically reported for this genus. Intromission often appeared difficult to achieve, possibly as a result of the large size of the glans penis in these animals. The average length from Intromission to termination of thrusting exceeded 17 min, followed by an average period of almost 2 min before separation occurred, which suggests the possibility of a copulatory lock. Offspring of the female participant were almost always in close proximity to or in contact with the pair, and harassment by the offspring was observed only during the final stages of the copulation. All but one copulatory event occurred in complete seclusion from other adult males, and sexual behavior was not limited to any one adult male in the group. Am. J. Primatol. 68:1–5, 2006. © 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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Copulation in free-ranging black-handed spider monkeys (Ateles geoffroyi)
American Journal of Primatology, 2006Co-Authors: Christina J. CampbellAbstract:I report ad libitum data on 18 copulations involving free-ranging black-handed spider monkeys (Ateles geoffroyi) on Barro Colorado Island, Panama. All copulations were performed in a dorsoventral position, as is typically reported for this genus. Intromission often appeared difficult to achieve, possibly as a result of the large size of the glans penis in these animals. The average length from Intromission to termination of thrusting exceeded 17 min, followed by an average period of almost 2 min before separation occurred, which suggests the possibility of a copulatory lock. Offspring of the female participant were almost always in close proximity to or in contact with the pair, and harassment by the offspring was observed only during the final stages of the copulation. All but one copulatory event occurred in complete seclusion from other adult males, and sexual behavior was not limited to any one adult male in the group.
A Sadeghi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the effect of saffron crocus sativus stigma extract and its constituents safranal and crocin on sexual behaviors in normal male rats
Phytomedicine, 2008Co-Authors: Hossein Hosseinzadeh, Toktam Ziaee, A SadeghiAbstract:Abstract In this study, the aphrodisiac activities of Crocus sativus stigma aqueous extract and its constituents, safranal and crocin, were evaluated in male rats. The aqueous extract (80, 160 and 320 mg/kg body wt.), crocin (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg body wt.), safranal (0.1, 0.2 and 0.4 ml/kg), sildenafil (60 mg/kg body wt., as a positive control) and saline were administered intraperitoneally to male rats. Mounting frequency (MF), Intromission frequency (IF), erection frequency (EF), mount latency (ML), Intromission latency (IL) and ejaculation latency (EL) were the factors evaluated during the sexual behavior study. Crocin, at all doses, and the extract, especially at doses 160 and 320 mg/kg body wt., increased MF, IF and EF behaviors and reduced EL, IL and ML parameters. Safranal did not show aphrodisiac effects. The present study reveals an aphrodisiac activity of saffron aqueous extract and its constituent crocin.
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the effect of saffron crocus sativus stigma extract and its constituents safranal and crocin on sexual behaviors in normal male rats
Phytomedicine, 2008Co-Authors: Hossein Hosseinzadeh, Toktam Ziaee, A SadeghiAbstract:Abstract In this study, the aphrodisiac activities of Crocus sativus stigma aqueous extract and its constituents, safranal and crocin, were evaluated in male rats. The aqueous extract (80, 160 and 320 mg/kg body wt.), crocin (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg body wt.), safranal (0.1, 0.2 and 0.4 ml/kg), sildenafil (60 mg/kg body wt., as a positive control) and saline were administered intraperitoneally to male rats. Mounting frequency (MF), Intromission frequency (IF), erection frequency (EF), mount latency (ML), Intromission latency (IL) and ejaculation latency (EL) were the factors evaluated during the sexual behavior study. Crocin, at all doses, and the extract, especially at doses 160 and 320 mg/kg body wt., increased MF, IF and EF behaviors and reduced EL, IL and ML parameters. Safranal did not show aphrodisiac effects. The present study reveals an aphrodisiac activity of saffron aqueous extract and its constituent crocin.
Jodi L Pawluski - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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developmental fluoxetine exposure and prenatal stress alter sexual differentiation of the brain and reproductive behavior in male rat offspring
Psychoneuroendocrinology, 2013Co-Authors: Ine Rayen, Harry W M Steinbusch, Thierry Charlier, Jodi L PawluskiAbstract:Summary Depression during pregnancy and postpartum is a significant health problem and affects up to 20% of women. While selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) medications are the drug of choice for treatment of maternal depression, the combined effect of maternal depression and perinatal SSRI exposure on offspring development is poorly investigated. Our aim was to determine the role of exposure to fluoxetine during development on sexual behavior and sexually dimorphic brain structures in male offspring using a rodent model of maternal adversity. Sprague-Dawley rat dams were stressed during gestation and were chronically treated throughout lactation with either fluoxetine or vehicle beginning on postnatal day 1. Four groups of offspring were used: (1) Control + Vehicle, (2) Control + Fluoxetine, (3) Prenatal Stress + Vehicle, and (4) Prenatal Stress + Fluoxetine. We show here that developmental fluoxetine treatment decreases the anogenital distance in juvenile male offspring. In adult male offspring, maternal fluoxetine treatment results in a decrease in the number of Intromissions, a longer latency to the first Intromission, and a longer latency to the first ejaculation. Furthermore, developmental fluoxetine and/or prenatal stress decrease the area of the sexually dimorphic nucleus of the preoptic area (SDN-POA). Prenatal stress, but not exposure to developmental fluoxetine, decreases the number of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-positive cells in anteroventral periventricular nucleus (AVPv) and the volume of the posterior bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (pBST) in male offspring. These results provide important evidence for the long-term impact of maternal adversity and maternal fluoxetine use on the development of primary endocrinology systems in juvenile and adult male offspring.
Michael J Baum - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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sexually dimorphic activation of galanin neurones in the ferret s dorsomedial preoptic area anterior hypothalamus after mating
Journal of Neuroendocrinology, 2002Co-Authors: Julie Bakker, S K Woodley, Kevin R Kelliher, Michael J BaumAbstract:Male ferrets in breeding condition possess three times as many galanin-immunoreactive (IR) neurones as oestrous females in the sexually dimorphic dorsomedial preoptic area/anterior hypothalamus (dmPOA/AH). Using Fos-IR as a marker of activation, we investigated whether mating with Intromission differentially activates this sexually dimorphic group of galanin-IR neurones in male and female ferrets. Male ferrets that intromitted had a significantly greater percentage of galanin-IR neurones in the dmPOA/AH that were colabelled with nuclear Fos-IR than oestrous females that received an Intromission. Intromissive stimulation augmented Fos-IR in an equal percentage of galanin-IR neurones in both sexes in the medial amygdala (MA) and bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST). Peripheral anosmia induced by bilateral occlusion of males' nares did not reduce the mating-induced activation of galanin-IR neurones in the dmPOA/AH, and there was a significant correlation among individual males between Intromission duration and the percentage of dmPOA/AH galanin-IR neurones colabelled with Fos-IR. Exposure of castrated, testosterone propionate-treated male ferrets to either soiled bedding or to volatile odours from oestrous females failed to induce nuclear Fos-IR in galanin-IR neurones located in the dmPOA/AH, BNST or MA, suggesting that the mating-induced activation of galanin-IR forebrain neurones in male ferrets depends more on genital-somatosensory than on olfactory inputs. The observed sex dimorphism in the mating-induced activation of galanin-IR neurones in the dmPOA/AH raises the possibility that these neurones perform a mating-dependent function that occurs only in males.
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effect of a null mutation of the c fos proto oncogene on sexual behavior of male mice
Biology of Reproduction, 1994Co-Authors: Michael J Baum, Jeremy J G Brown, E Kica, Beverly S Rubin, Randall S Johnson, Virginia E PapaioannouAbstract:Sexual behavior was observed in male mice that were homozygous for a null mutation of the c-fos proto-oncogene, as well as in heterozygous mutants and wild-type controls. The onset of mounting was slower and the subsequent mounting rate was significantly lower in homozygous mutants than in either group of controls. Even so, a similar percentage of males of each genotype achieved ejaculation, and ejaculation latencies were equivalent in these mice. Likewise, in males that intromitted, the Intromission efficiency and the number of intravaginal thrusts/Intromission were similar among the three genotypes. The nuclear protein product (Fos) of c-fos was visualized immunocytochemically in the brains of heterozygous male mice 1 h after they exhibited a series of mounts, with or without Intromission, leading to an ejaculation. As in the male of several other rodent species, nuclear Fos immunoreactivity was augmented in neurons of limbic and midbrain regions thought to convey olfactory/ vomeronasal and genital/somatosensory information, respectively, to the medial preoptic area following contact with an estrous female. One interpretation of our behavioral results is that in the absence of normal neuronal c-los expression, sensory stimuli that impinge on the male brain during mating lose their ability to initiate a cascade of further gene transcription events that otherwise control the rate at which a male reorients towards and mounts an estrous female during an ejaculatory series. Alternatively, the c-fos null mutation may disrupt normal neural development, leading to a structural change that mediates the observed deficit in mounting capacity.
Teiji Sota - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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complex copulatory behavior and the proximate effect of genital and body size differences on mechanical reproductive isolation in the millipede genus parafontaria
The American Naturalist, 2008Co-Authors: Tsutomu Tanabe, Teiji SotaAbstract:Abstract: The role of species‐specific genitalia in reproductive isolation is unclear. Males of the millipede genus Parafontaria use gonopods (modified eighth legs) charged with sperm from the genital openings of the second legs as intromittent organs. Males perform both preliminary and true Intromission during mating. During preliminary Intromission, a male attempts to insert his gonopods into the female genitalia before charging the gonopods with sperm. If this Intromission is completed, it is followed by the ejaculation of sperm to the gonopods and true Intromission for insemination. In two sympatric species of Parafontaria that lack effective precopulatory isolation, copulation was terminated without insemination because of preliminary Intromission failure caused by mismatched genital and body sizes. Thus, mechanical isolation between these sympatric species resulted from morphological differentiation mediated by the obligatory preliminary Intromission. These findings demonstrate the proximate importa...
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complex copulatory behavior and the proximate effect of genital and body size differences on mechanical reproductive isolation in the millipede genus parafontaria
The American Naturalist, 2008Co-Authors: Tsutomu Tanabe, Teiji SotaAbstract:The role of species-specific genitalia in reproductive isolation is unclear. Males of the millipede genus Parafontaria use gonopods (modified eighth legs) charged with sperm from the genital openings of the second legs as intromittent organs. Males perform both preliminary and true Intromission during mating. During preliminary Intromission, a male attempts to insert his gonopods into the female genitalia before charging the gonopods with sperm. If this Intromission is completed, it is followed by the ejaculation of sperm to the gonopods and true Intromission for insemination. In two sympatric species of Parafontaria that lack effective precopulatory isolation, copulation was terminated without insemination because of preliminary Intromission failure caused by mismatched genital and body sizes. Thus, mechanical isolation between these sympatric species resulted from morphological differentiation mediated by the obligatory preliminary Intromission. These findings demonstrate the proximate importance of genital and body size differences for reproductive isolation within this genus of millipede.
