The Experts below are selected from a list of 150051 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Joshua D Greene - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
the rat a gorical imperative moral Intuition and the limits of affective learning
Cognition, 2017Co-Authors: Joshua D GreeneAbstract:Abstract Decades of psychological research have demonstrated that intuitive judgments are often unreliable, thanks to their inflexible reliance on limited information (Kahneman, 2003, 2011). Research on the computational underpinnings of learning, however, indicates that Intuitions may be acquired by sophisticated learning mechanisms that are highly sensitive and integrative. With this in mind, Railton (2014) urges a more optimistic view of moral Intuition. Is such optimism warranted? Elsewhere (Greene, 2013) I’ve argued that moral Intuitions offer reasonably good advice concerning the give-and-take of everyday social life, addressing the basic problem of cooperation within a “tribe” (“Me vs. Us”), but that moral Intuitions offer unreliable advice concerning disagreements between tribes with competing interests and values (“Us vs. Them”). Here I argue that a computational perspective on moral learning underscores these conclusions. The acquisition of good moral Intuitions requires both good (representative) data and good (value-aligned) training. In the case of inter-tribal disagreement (public moral controversy), the problem of bad training looms large, as training processes may simply reinforce tribal differences. With respect to moral philosophy and the paradoxical problems it addresses, the problem of bad data looms large, as theorists seek principles that minimize counter-intuitive implications, not only in typical real-world cases, but in unusual, often hypothetical, cases such as some trolley dilemmas. In such cases the prevailing real-world relationships between actions and consequences are severed or reversed, yielding Intuitions that give the right answers to the wrong questions. Such Intuitions—which we may experience as the voice of duty or virtue—may simply reflect the computational limitations inherent in affective learning. I conclude, in optimistic agreement with Railton, that progress in moral philosophy depends on our having a better understanding of the mechanisms behind our moral Intuitions.
-
moral reasoning hints and allegations
Topics in Cognitive Science, 2010Co-Authors: Joseph M Paxton, Joshua D GreeneAbstract:Recent research in moral psychology highlights the role of emotion and Intuition in moral judgment. In the wake of these findings, the role and significance of moral reasoning remain uncertain. In this article, we distinguish among different kinds of moral reasoning and review evidence suggesting that at least some kinds of moral reasoning play significant roles in moral judgment, including roles in abandoning moral Intuitions in the absence of justifying reasons, applying both deontological and utilitarian moral principles, and counteracting automatic tendencies toward bias that would otherwise dominate behavior. We argue that little is known about the psychology of moral reasoning and that it may yet prove to be a potent social force.
Robin M Hogarth - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Intuition a challenge for psychological research on decision making
Psychological Inquiry, 2010Co-Authors: Robin M HogarthAbstract:Intuition represents an enormous challenge for research on decision making. What is Intuition? How does it modify our appreciation of cognitive abilities? When should people trust Intuition? These questions set the agenda for this article, which (a) defines Intuition, (b) comments on how Intuition has been viewed across time in the decision making literature, (c) stresses the need to specify different types of Intuition, (d) discusses when Intuition is likely to lead to good decisions, and (e) presents four challenges. These are, first, elucidating the evolution of preferences; second, illuminating culturally acquired values such as morals; third, the need to educate intuitive responses; and fourth, problems in using Intuition for decision making in a changing world. However, the major challenge facing Intuition research is the need for conceptual work to define the nature and scope of different intuitive phenomena. To be useful, the concept should not become too broad.
Joseph M Paxton - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
moral reasoning hints and allegations
Topics in Cognitive Science, 2010Co-Authors: Joseph M Paxton, Joshua D GreeneAbstract:Recent research in moral psychology highlights the role of emotion and Intuition in moral judgment. In the wake of these findings, the role and significance of moral reasoning remain uncertain. In this article, we distinguish among different kinds of moral reasoning and review evidence suggesting that at least some kinds of moral reasoning play significant roles in moral judgment, including roles in abandoning moral Intuitions in the absence of justifying reasons, applying both deontological and utilitarian moral principles, and counteracting automatic tendencies toward bias that would otherwise dominate behavior. We argue that little is known about the psychology of moral reasoning and that it may yet prove to be a potent social force.
Deborah R. Chilcote - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Intuition: A Concept Analysis.
Nursing forum, 2016Co-Authors: Deborah R. ChilcoteAbstract:PURPOSE The purpose of this article is to conceptually examine Intuition; identify the importance of Intuition in nursing education, clinical practice, and patient care; encourage acceptance of the use of Intuition; and add to the body of nursing knowledge. BACKGROUND Nurses often report using Intuition when making clinical decisions. Intuition is a rapid, unconscious process based in global knowledge that views the patient holistically while synthesizing information to improve patient outcomes. However, with the advent of evidence-based practice (EBP), the use of Intuition has become undervalued in nursing. REVIEW METHODS Walker and Avant's framework was used to analyze Intuition. A literature search from 1987 to 2014 was conducted using the following keywords: Intuition, Intuition and nursing, clinical decision making, clinical decision making and Intuition, patient outcomes, EBP, and analytical thinking. RESULTS The use of Intuition is reported by nurses, but is not legitimized within the nursing profession. Defining attributes of Intuition are an unconscious, holistic knowledge gathered without using an analytical process and knowledge derived through synthesis, not analysis. Consequences include verification of Intuition through an analytical process and translating that knowledge into a course of action. CONCLUSION This article supports the use of Intuition in nursing by offering clarity to the concept, adds to the nursing knowledge base, encourages a holistic view of the patient during clinical decision making, and encourages nurse educators to promote the use of Intuition.
Nakhwah Zulfatul Wardah - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Principal Components Analysis
2013Co-Authors: Nakhwah Zulfatul WardahAbstract:Principal component analysis (PCA) is a mainstay of modern data analysis - a black box that is widely used but poorly understood. The goal of this paper is to dispel the magic behind this black box. This tutorial focuses on building a solid Intuition for how and why principal component analysis works; furthermore, it crystallizes this knowledge by deriving from simple Intuitions, the mathematics behind PCA . This tutorial does not shy away from explaining the ideas informally, nor does it shy away from the mathematics. The hope is that by addressing both aspects, readers of all levels will be able to gain a better understanding of PCA as well as the when, the how and the why of applying this technique.
