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Thomas M S Wolever - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the fermentable fibre Inulin increases postprandial serum short chain fatty acids and reduces free fatty acids and ghrelin in healthy subjects
Applied Physiology Nutrition and Metabolism, 2010Co-Authors: Joshua Tarinij Tarini, Thomas M S WoleverAbstract:It is thought that diets high in dietary fibre are associated with reduced risk for type 2 diabetes, at least in part because the short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) produced during the colonic fermentation of fibre beneficially influence circulating concentrations of free-fatty acids (FFAs) and gut hormones involved in the regulation of blood glucose and body mass. However, there is a paucity of data showing this sequence of events in humans. Thus, our objective was to determine the effect of the fermentable fibre Inulin on postprandial glucose, insulin, SCFA, FFA, and gut hormone responses in healthy subjects. Overnight fasted healthy subjects (n = 12) were studied for 6 h after consuming 400 mL drinks, containing 80 g high-fructose corn syrup (80HFCS), 56 g HFCS (56HFCS), or 56 g HFCS plus 24 g Inulin (Inulin), using a randomized, single-blind, crossover design. A standard lunch was served 4 h after the test drink. Glucose and insulin responses after Inulin did not differ significantly from those after 80H...
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the fermentable fibre Inulin increases postprandial serum short chain fatty acids and reduces free fatty acids and ghrelin in healthy subjects
Applied Physiology Nutrition and Metabolism, 2010Co-Authors: Joshua Tarinij Tarini, Thomas M S WoleverAbstract:It is thought that diets high in dietary fibre are associated with reduced risk for type 2 diabetes, at least in part because the short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) produced during the colonic fermentation of fibre beneficially influence circulating concentrations of free-fatty acids (FFAs) and gut hormones involved in the regulation of blood glucose and body mass. However, there is a paucity of data showing this sequence of events in humans. Thus, our objective was to determine the effect of the fermentable fibre Inulin on postprandial glucose, insulin, SCFA, FFA, and gut hormone responses in healthy subjects. Overnight fasted healthy subjects (n = 12) were studied for 6 h after consuming 400 mL drinks, containing 80 g high-fructose corn syrup (80HFCS), 56 g HFCS (56HFCS), or 56 g HFCS plus 24 g Inulin (Inulin), using a randomized, single-blind, crossover design. A standard lunch was served 4 h after the test drink. Glucose and insulin responses after Inulin did not differ significantly from those after 80HFCS or 56HFCS. Serum acetate, propionate, and butyrate were significantly higher after Inulin than after HFCS drinks from 4-6 h. FFAs fell at a similar rate after all 3 test drinks, but were lower after Inulin than after 56HFCS at 4 h (0.40 +/- 0.06 vs. 0.51 +/- 0.06 mmol*L-1; p < 0.05). Compared with 56HFCS, Inulin significantly increased plasma glucagon-like peptide-1 concentrations at 30 min, and reduced ghrelin at 4.5 h and 6 h. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that dietary fibre increases the production of colonic SCFAs, which may reduce type 2 diabetes risk by reducing postprandial FFAs and favorably affecting gut hormones, which regulate food intake.
Joshua Tarinij Tarini - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the fermentable fibre Inulin increases postprandial serum short chain fatty acids and reduces free fatty acids and ghrelin in healthy subjects
Applied Physiology Nutrition and Metabolism, 2010Co-Authors: Joshua Tarinij Tarini, Thomas M S WoleverAbstract:It is thought that diets high in dietary fibre are associated with reduced risk for type 2 diabetes, at least in part because the short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) produced during the colonic fermentation of fibre beneficially influence circulating concentrations of free-fatty acids (FFAs) and gut hormones involved in the regulation of blood glucose and body mass. However, there is a paucity of data showing this sequence of events in humans. Thus, our objective was to determine the effect of the fermentable fibre Inulin on postprandial glucose, insulin, SCFA, FFA, and gut hormone responses in healthy subjects. Overnight fasted healthy subjects (n = 12) were studied for 6 h after consuming 400 mL drinks, containing 80 g high-fructose corn syrup (80HFCS), 56 g HFCS (56HFCS), or 56 g HFCS plus 24 g Inulin (Inulin), using a randomized, single-blind, crossover design. A standard lunch was served 4 h after the test drink. Glucose and insulin responses after Inulin did not differ significantly from those after 80H...
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the fermentable fibre Inulin increases postprandial serum short chain fatty acids and reduces free fatty acids and ghrelin in healthy subjects
Applied Physiology Nutrition and Metabolism, 2010Co-Authors: Joshua Tarinij Tarini, Thomas M S WoleverAbstract:It is thought that diets high in dietary fibre are associated with reduced risk for type 2 diabetes, at least in part because the short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) produced during the colonic fermentation of fibre beneficially influence circulating concentrations of free-fatty acids (FFAs) and gut hormones involved in the regulation of blood glucose and body mass. However, there is a paucity of data showing this sequence of events in humans. Thus, our objective was to determine the effect of the fermentable fibre Inulin on postprandial glucose, insulin, SCFA, FFA, and gut hormone responses in healthy subjects. Overnight fasted healthy subjects (n = 12) were studied for 6 h after consuming 400 mL drinks, containing 80 g high-fructose corn syrup (80HFCS), 56 g HFCS (56HFCS), or 56 g HFCS plus 24 g Inulin (Inulin), using a randomized, single-blind, crossover design. A standard lunch was served 4 h after the test drink. Glucose and insulin responses after Inulin did not differ significantly from those after 80HFCS or 56HFCS. Serum acetate, propionate, and butyrate were significantly higher after Inulin than after HFCS drinks from 4-6 h. FFAs fell at a similar rate after all 3 test drinks, but were lower after Inulin than after 56HFCS at 4 h (0.40 +/- 0.06 vs. 0.51 +/- 0.06 mmol*L-1; p < 0.05). Compared with 56HFCS, Inulin significantly increased plasma glucagon-like peptide-1 concentrations at 30 min, and reduced ghrelin at 4.5 h and 6 h. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that dietary fibre increases the production of colonic SCFAs, which may reduce type 2 diabetes risk by reducing postprandial FFAs and favorably affecting gut hormones, which regulate food intake.
Catriona Tedford - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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dietary supplementation with Inulin propionate ester or Inulin improves insulin sensitivity in adults with overweight and obesity with distinct effects on the gut microbiota plasma metabolome and systemic inflammatory responses a randomised cross over trial
Gut, 2019Co-Authors: Edward S. Chambers, Douglas J. Morrison, T Preston, Catriona Tedford, Kevin G Murphy, Claire S Byrne, Isabel Garciaperez, Sofia Fountana, Jose Ivan Serranocontreras, Elaine HolmesAbstract:Objective: To investigate the underlying mechanisms behind changes in glucose homeostasis with delivery of propionate to the human colon by comprehensive and coordinated analysis of gut bacterial composition, plasma metabolome and immune responses. Design: Twelve non-diabetic adults with overweight and obesity received 20g/day of Inulin-propionate ester (IPE), designed to selectively deliver propionate to the colon, a high-fermentable fibre control (Inulin) and a low-fermentable fibre control (cellulose) in a randomised, double-blind, placebo controlled, crossover design. Outcome measurements of metabolic responses, inflammatory markers and gut bacterial composition were analysed at the end of each 42-day supplementation period. Results: Both IPE and Inulin supplementation improved insulin resistance compared to cellulose supplementation, measured by homeostatic model assessment (HOMA) 2 (Mean±SEM 1.23±0.17 IPE vs. 1.59±0.17 cellulose, P=0.001; 1.17±0.15 Inulin vs. 1.59±0.17 cellulose, P=0.009), with no differences between IPE and Inulin (P=0.272). Fasting insulin was only associated positively with plasma tyrosine and negatively with plasma glycine following Inulin supplementation. IPE supplementation decreased pro-inflammatory IL-8 levels compared to cellulose, whilst Inulin had no impact on the systemic inflammatory markers studied. Inulin promoted changes in gut bacterial populations at the class level (increased Actinobacteria and decreased Clostridia) and order level (decreased Clostridales) compared to cellulose, with small differences at the species level observed between IPE and cellulose. Conclusion: These data demonstrate a distinctive physiological impact of raising colonic propionate delivery in humans, as improvements in insulin sensitivity promoted by IPE and Inulin were accompanied with different effects on the plasma metabolome, gut bacterial populations and markers of systemic inflammation.
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the diet derived short chain fatty acid propionate improves beta cell function in humans and stimulates insulin secretion from human islets in vitro
Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism, 2017Co-Authors: Attilio Pingitore, Edward S. Chambers, Douglas J. Morrison, T Preston, Thomas Hill, Inmaculada Ruz Maldonado, Bo Liu, Gavin A Bewick, Gareth A Wallis, Catriona TedfordAbstract:Aims Diet-derived short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) improve glucose homeostasis in vivo, but the role of individual SCFAs and their mechanisms of action have not been defined. This study evaluated the effects of increasing colonic delivery of the SCFA propionate on β-cell function in humans and the direct effects of propionate on isolated human islets in vitro. Materials and methods For 24 weeks human subjects ingested an Inulin-propionate ester that delivers propionate to the colon. Acute insulin, GLP-1 and non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) levels were quantified pre- and post-supplementation in response to a mixed meal test. Expression of the SCFA receptor FFAR2 in human islets was determined by western blotting and immunohistochemistry. Dynamic insulin secretion from perifused human islets was quantified by radioimmunoassay and islet apoptosis was determined by quantification of caspase 3/7 activities. Results Colonic propionate delivery in vivo was associated with improved β-cell function with increased insulin secretion that was independent of changes in GLP-1 levels. Human islet β-cells expressed FFAR2 and propionate potentiated dynamic glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in vitro, an effect that was dependent on signalling via protein kinase C. Propionate also protected human islets from apoptosis induced by the NEFA sodium palmitate and inflammatory cytokines. Conclusions Our results indicate that propionate has beneficial effects on β-cell function in vivo, and in vitro analyses demonstrated that it has direct effects to potentiate glucose-stimulated insulin release and maintain β-cell mass through inhibition of apoptosis. These observations support ingestion of propiogenic dietary fibres to maintain healthy glucose homeostasis.
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effects of targeted delivery of propionate to the human colon on appetite regulation body weight maintenance and adiposity in overweight adults
Gut, 2015Co-Authors: Edward S. Chambers, Douglas J. Morrison, Alexander Viardot, Sagen Zacvarghese, Kenneth Macdougall, T Preston, Arianna Psichas, Kevin G Murphy, Catriona TedfordAbstract:Objective The colonic microbiota ferment dietary fibres, producing short chain fatty acids. Recent evidence suggests that the short chain fatty acid propionate may play an important role in appetite regulation. We hypothesised that colonic delivery of propionate would increase peptide YY (PYY) and glucagon like peptide-1 (GLP-1) secretion in humans, and reduce energy intake and weight gain in overweight adults. Design To investigate whether propionate promotes PYY and GLP-1 secretion, a primary cultured human colonic cell model was developed. To deliver propionate specifically to the colon, we developed a novel Inulin-propionate ester. An acute randomised, controlled cross-over study was used to assess the effects of this Inulin-propionate ester on energy intake and plasma PYY and GLP-1 concentrations. The long-term effects of Inulin-propionate ester on weight gain were subsequently assessed in a randomised, controlled 24-week study involving 60 overweight adults. Results Propionate significantly stimulated the release of PYY and GLP-1 from human colonic cells. Acute ingestion of 10 g Inulin-propionate ester significantly increased postprandial plasma PYY and GLP-1 and reduced energy intake. Over 24 weeks, 10 g/day Inulin-propionate ester supplementation significantly reduced weight gain, intra-abdominal adipose tissue distribution, intrahepatocellular lipid content and prevented the deterioration in insulin sensitivity observed in the Inulin-control group. Conclusions These data demonstrate for the first time that increasing colonic propionate prevents weight gain in overweight adult humans. Trial registration number NCT00750438.
Eric Keven Silva - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Produção de emulsões de óleo de semente de urucum utilizando tecnologia ultrassônica e carboidratos prebióticos como agentes estabilizadores
2017Co-Authors: Eric Keven SilvaAbstract:Resumo: O óleo extraído das sementes de urucum (Bixa orellana L.) apresenta compostos bioativos visados por diferentes seguimentos industriais, como tocotrienóis e geranilgeraniol. A estabilização destes compostos por meio do seu encapsulamento é uma interessante alternativa para agregação de valor a cadeia de processamento do urucum, além de ampliar as possibilidades de aplicação em produtos funcionais. Neste sentido, a avaliação do uso da tecnologia de ultrasonicação aliado a utilização de biopolímeros para formação de emulsões do óleo são perspectivas promissoras para o desenvolvimento de novos produtos. Em vista disso, o objetivo desta tese foi a estabilização dos compostos bioativos provenientes do óleo de urucum obtido por extração supercrítica utilizando a técnica de ultrasonicação como processo de emulsificação e empregar biopolímeros prebióticos como estabilizantes para obtenção de produtos funcionais. Um estudo detalhado com foco na interface óleobiopolímero-água para compreensão dos mecanismos de estabilização envolvidos foi desenvolvido com goma Arábica, isolado proteico de soro de leite, amido modificado, polietilenoglicol e Inulina. A emulsificação por ultrassom foi comparada, com densidades energéticas similares, ao método convencional por cisalhamento mecânico em dispositivo do tipo rotor-estator. Os resultados mostraram a superioridade do ultrassom no afinamento das emulsões. Assim, foi realizado um estudo de otimização das condições de potência (W) e tempo de processo (min) para obtenção de emulsões finas empregando amido modificado, isolado proteico de soro de leite e goma Arábica. As emulsões otimizadas foram secas por freeze-drying e spray-drying e as micropartículas obtidas foram comparadas em relação às suas propriedades tecnológicas. Destaque para as micropartículas obtidas com goma Arábica por freeze-drying que apresentaram eficiência de aprisionamento de óleo de 97 ± 1% e para as obtidas com amido modificado por spray-drying com 94.8 ± 0.2% de eficiência de encapsulação. O efeito do grau de polimerização (DP) da Inulina (DP ≥ 10 e DP ≥ 23) e potência de sonicação (W) foram avaliados sobre a emulsificação do óleo. As emulsões obtidas com DP ≥ 23 apresentaram estabilidade a separação de fase em todas as potências aplicadas devido à rápida gelificação da Inulina decorrente da alta taxa de microcisalhamento. A caracterização das micropartículas obtidas pela técnica freeze-drying contribuiram para o avanço no conhecimento das propriedades da Inulina como um material de parede. O maior DP foi mais efetivo na retenção de geranilgeraniol e redução da velocidade de oxidação do óleo pelo teste acelerado Rancimat. No entanto, as Inulinas atuaram principalmente como um agente carreador para o óleo, apresentando uma eficiência de encapsulação inferior a 50%. Para contornar este resultado, foram avaliadas blendas de Inulina (DP ≥ 10) com os biopolímeros de superfície ativa, amido modificado, goma Arábica e isolado proteico de soro de leite (1:1m/m). Os resultados mostraram que as blendas foram favoráveis para obtenção de micropartículas funcionais com eficiência de encapsulação satisfatória (> 75%). A associação de Inulina com os biopolímeros resultou na obtenção de matrizes encapsulantes de compostos lipofílicos altamente efetivas e com elevada estabilidade à separação de fases. A emulsificação com ultrassom não reduziu a atividade antioxidante do óleo apesar do intenso stress associado a cavitação acústica promovida pelo dispositivo. O óleo extraído das micropartículas apresentou maior atividade antioxidante que o óleo não processado. Este resultado foi associado a possível atividade antioxidante da Inulina e demais encapsulantes.Abstract:The oil extracted from annatto seeds (Bixa orellana L.) presents bioactive compounds targeted by different industrial segments, as tocotrienols and geranylgeraniol. Stabilization of these compounds through its encapsulation is an interesting alternative to adding value to processing chain of annatto besides expanding the application possibilities in functional products. In this sense, the assessment of the use of ultrasonication technology combined with the use of biopolymers for forming emulsions are promising prospects for the development of new products. Therefore, the objective of this thesis was stabilizing of the bioactive compounds provided from annatto seed oil using ultrasound technique as emulsification process with prebiotic biopolymers for obtaining functional products. We performed a detailed study focusing on oil-biopolymer-water interface for understanding of stabilization mechanisms involved with gum Arabic, whey protein isolate, modified starch, polyethylene glycol and Inulin. Ultrasonic emulsification was compared to the conventional method by mechanical shearing of the rotor-stator type device at similar energy densities. The results showed the superiority of ultrasound in thinning of the emulsions. Based on these results we performed a study optimizing power conditions (W) and process time (min) to obtain fine emulsions using whey protein isolate, modified starch and gum Arabic as emulsifiers. The optimized emulsions were dried by freeze-drying and spray-drying and the obtained microparticles were compared with regard to their technological properties. Highlight for microparticles obtained from gum Arabic by freeze-drying and modified starch by spray-drying that showed oil entrapment efficiency of 97 ± 1% and encapsulation efficiency of 94.8 ± 0.2%, respectively. The effect of degree of Inulin polymerization (DP), DP ≥ 10 and DP ≥ 23, and sonication power (W) were evaluated on the emulsification of oil. The emulsions obtained with DP ≥ 23 showed phase separation stability in all powers applied due to rapid gelling of Inulin and high rate of microshear. The characterization of microparticles obtained by freeze-drying technique assist in contributing to the advance of knowledge of the properties of Inulin as a wall material. The highest DP was more effective in retaining geranylgeraniol and reduction of oil oxidation rate by the Rancimat accelerated test. However, Inulins have acted primarily as a carrier agent for the oil, having an encapsulation efficiency exceeding 50%. To work around this result, blends of Inulin (DP ≥ 10) with emulsifying biopolymers as gum Arabic, whey protein isolate and modified starch, were evaluated. The results showed that the blends were favorable for obtaining functional microparticles with satisfactory encapsulation efficiency (>75%). The association of Inulin with biopolymers resulted in encapsulating matrices of lipophilic compounds highly effective and with high stability to phase separation. The emulsification with ultrasound does not reduced the oil antioxidant activity despite the intense stress associated with acoustic cavitation promoted by the device. The oil extracted from the microparticles showed higher antioxidant activity than the oil unprocessed. This result was associated with possible antioxidant activity of Inulin and other encapsulants
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microencapsulation of lipophilic bioactive compounds using prebiotic carbohydrates effect of the degree of Inulin polymerization
Carbohydrate Polymers, 2016Co-Authors: Eric Keven Silva, Giovani L Zabot, Matheus Angelo Bargas, Angela M A MeirelesAbstract:This paper presents novel outcomes about the effect of degree of Inulin polymerization (DP) on the technological properties of annatto seed oil powder obtained by freeze-drying. Inulins with two DP's were evaluated: GR-Inulin (DP≥10) and HP-Inulin (DP≥23). Micrographs obtained by confocal microscopy were analyzed to confirm the encapsulation of bioactive compounds using both Inulins, especially the encapsulation of the natural fluorescent substance δ-tocotrienol. Microparticles formed with both Inulins presented the same capacity for geranylgeraniol retention (77%). Glass transitions of microparticles formed with GR-Inulin and HP-Inulin succeeded at 144°C and 169°C, respectively. Regarding water adsorption isotherms, microparticles formed with HP-Inulin and GR-Inulin presented behaviors of Types II (sigmoidal) and III (non-sigmoidal), respectively. Reduction of water adsorption capacity in the matrix at high relative moistures (>70%) was presented when HP-Inulin was used. At low relative moistures (<30%), the opposite behavior was observed.
Edward S. Chambers - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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dietary supplementation with Inulin propionate ester or Inulin improves insulin sensitivity in adults with overweight and obesity with distinct effects on the gut microbiota plasma metabolome and systemic inflammatory responses a randomised cross over trial
Gut, 2019Co-Authors: Edward S. Chambers, Douglas J. Morrison, T Preston, Catriona Tedford, Kevin G Murphy, Claire S Byrne, Isabel Garciaperez, Sofia Fountana, Jose Ivan Serranocontreras, Elaine HolmesAbstract:Objective: To investigate the underlying mechanisms behind changes in glucose homeostasis with delivery of propionate to the human colon by comprehensive and coordinated analysis of gut bacterial composition, plasma metabolome and immune responses. Design: Twelve non-diabetic adults with overweight and obesity received 20g/day of Inulin-propionate ester (IPE), designed to selectively deliver propionate to the colon, a high-fermentable fibre control (Inulin) and a low-fermentable fibre control (cellulose) in a randomised, double-blind, placebo controlled, crossover design. Outcome measurements of metabolic responses, inflammatory markers and gut bacterial composition were analysed at the end of each 42-day supplementation period. Results: Both IPE and Inulin supplementation improved insulin resistance compared to cellulose supplementation, measured by homeostatic model assessment (HOMA) 2 (Mean±SEM 1.23±0.17 IPE vs. 1.59±0.17 cellulose, P=0.001; 1.17±0.15 Inulin vs. 1.59±0.17 cellulose, P=0.009), with no differences between IPE and Inulin (P=0.272). Fasting insulin was only associated positively with plasma tyrosine and negatively with plasma glycine following Inulin supplementation. IPE supplementation decreased pro-inflammatory IL-8 levels compared to cellulose, whilst Inulin had no impact on the systemic inflammatory markers studied. Inulin promoted changes in gut bacterial populations at the class level (increased Actinobacteria and decreased Clostridia) and order level (decreased Clostridales) compared to cellulose, with small differences at the species level observed between IPE and cellulose. Conclusion: These data demonstrate a distinctive physiological impact of raising colonic propionate delivery in humans, as improvements in insulin sensitivity promoted by IPE and Inulin were accompanied with different effects on the plasma metabolome, gut bacterial populations and markers of systemic inflammation.
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the diet derived short chain fatty acid propionate improves beta cell function in humans and stimulates insulin secretion from human islets in vitro
Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism, 2017Co-Authors: Attilio Pingitore, Edward S. Chambers, Douglas J. Morrison, T Preston, Thomas Hill, Inmaculada Ruz Maldonado, Bo Liu, Gavin A Bewick, Gareth A Wallis, Catriona TedfordAbstract:Aims Diet-derived short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) improve glucose homeostasis in vivo, but the role of individual SCFAs and their mechanisms of action have not been defined. This study evaluated the effects of increasing colonic delivery of the SCFA propionate on β-cell function in humans and the direct effects of propionate on isolated human islets in vitro. Materials and methods For 24 weeks human subjects ingested an Inulin-propionate ester that delivers propionate to the colon. Acute insulin, GLP-1 and non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) levels were quantified pre- and post-supplementation in response to a mixed meal test. Expression of the SCFA receptor FFAR2 in human islets was determined by western blotting and immunohistochemistry. Dynamic insulin secretion from perifused human islets was quantified by radioimmunoassay and islet apoptosis was determined by quantification of caspase 3/7 activities. Results Colonic propionate delivery in vivo was associated with improved β-cell function with increased insulin secretion that was independent of changes in GLP-1 levels. Human islet β-cells expressed FFAR2 and propionate potentiated dynamic glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in vitro, an effect that was dependent on signalling via protein kinase C. Propionate also protected human islets from apoptosis induced by the NEFA sodium palmitate and inflammatory cytokines. Conclusions Our results indicate that propionate has beneficial effects on β-cell function in vivo, and in vitro analyses demonstrated that it has direct effects to potentiate glucose-stimulated insulin release and maintain β-cell mass through inhibition of apoptosis. These observations support ingestion of propiogenic dietary fibres to maintain healthy glucose homeostasis.
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effects of targeted delivery of propionate to the human colon on appetite regulation body weight maintenance and adiposity in overweight adults
Gut, 2015Co-Authors: Edward S. Chambers, Douglas J. Morrison, Alexander Viardot, Sagen Zacvarghese, Kenneth Macdougall, T Preston, Arianna Psichas, Kevin G Murphy, Catriona TedfordAbstract:Objective The colonic microbiota ferment dietary fibres, producing short chain fatty acids. Recent evidence suggests that the short chain fatty acid propionate may play an important role in appetite regulation. We hypothesised that colonic delivery of propionate would increase peptide YY (PYY) and glucagon like peptide-1 (GLP-1) secretion in humans, and reduce energy intake and weight gain in overweight adults. Design To investigate whether propionate promotes PYY and GLP-1 secretion, a primary cultured human colonic cell model was developed. To deliver propionate specifically to the colon, we developed a novel Inulin-propionate ester. An acute randomised, controlled cross-over study was used to assess the effects of this Inulin-propionate ester on energy intake and plasma PYY and GLP-1 concentrations. The long-term effects of Inulin-propionate ester on weight gain were subsequently assessed in a randomised, controlled 24-week study involving 60 overweight adults. Results Propionate significantly stimulated the release of PYY and GLP-1 from human colonic cells. Acute ingestion of 10 g Inulin-propionate ester significantly increased postprandial plasma PYY and GLP-1 and reduced energy intake. Over 24 weeks, 10 g/day Inulin-propionate ester supplementation significantly reduced weight gain, intra-abdominal adipose tissue distribution, intrahepatocellular lipid content and prevented the deterioration in insulin sensitivity observed in the Inulin-control group. Conclusions These data demonstrate for the first time that increasing colonic propionate prevents weight gain in overweight adult humans. Trial registration number NCT00750438.
