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Tianlong Deng - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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phase equilibria in the aqueous ternary systems licl libo2 h2o and li2so4 libo2 h2o at 323 15 k and 0 1 mpa
Fluid Phase Equilibria, 2017Co-Authors: Sisi Zhang, Yafei Guo, Mengmeng Shen, Tianlong DengAbstract:Abstract Combining the methods of isothermal dissolution equilibrium and the wet-residue solid phase (Schreinemarkers rule), the phase equilibria of the ternary systems (LiCl + LiBO2 + H2O) and (Li2SO4+ LiBO2 + H2O) at 323.15 K and 0.1 MPa were investigated. On the basis of the experimental data on solubilities and the physicochemical properties including density, refractive index and pH value, the phase diagrams and physicochemical properties versus composition diagrams of the two systems were plotted. For the two systems, there are both in one Invariant Point, two univariant curves, and two crystallization regions corresponding to lithium metaborate dehydrate (LiBO2·2H2O, Lb2), lithium chloride monohydrate (LiCl·H2O i.e. Lc1, in the former) and lithium sulfate monohydrate (Li2SO4·H2O i.e. Ls1, in the later), and the area of the crystallization region of Lb2 is the largest when compared with those of Lc1 and Ls1, and those results demonstrate that the solubility of lithium metaborate is the lowest. A comparison of the phase diagrams between this work at 323.15 K and the literature at (288.15, 298.15 and 308.15) K in the former system, the crystallization region of LiBO2·8H2O existed at 288.15, 298.15 and 308.15 K is disappeared at 323.15 K. Relationships between solubility and temperature for LiBO2 and LiCl are both in positive correlation obviously. However, a comparison of the phase diagrams between this work at 323.15 K and the literature at (288.15, 298.15) K in the later system, it was found that the mineral LiBO2·8H2O existed at 288.15 and 298.15 K is replaced by LiBO2·2H2O, and the component of Li2SO4 in the solution has a relatively strong salting-out effect to LiBO2, and the concentrations of LiBO2 in the solution are decreased considerably with the increasing of lithium sulfate concentration in the solution. The calculated values of refractive index using empirical equations for the two ternary systems are in good agreement with the experimental values.
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Solubilities, Densities and Refractive Indices in the Aqueous Quaternary System of Lithium Sulfate, Lithium Metaborate, and Lithium Carbonate at 288.15, 298.15, 308.15 K and 0.1 MPa
Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data, 2016Co-Authors: Yafei Guo, Lina Cao, Shiqiang Wang, Tianlong DengAbstract:Solubilities, densities and refractive indices of the aqueous quaternary system of lithium sulfate, lithium metaborate, and lithium carbonate at 288.15, 298.15, 308.15 K and 0.1 MPa were determined with isothermal dissolution method. According to the experimental results, the dry-salt phase diagrams, water-phase diagrams, and the diagrams of physicochemical properties including density, pH, and refractive index versus composition of lithium sulfate at three temperatures were plotted. In the dry-salt phase diagrams at three temperatures, there are four crystallization regions corresponding to lithium metaborate octahydrate (LiBO2·8H2O, LB), lithium carbonate (Li2CO3, LC), and lithium sulfate monohydrate (Li2SO4·H2O, LS), and three univariant-solubility curves corresponding to minerals of LS, LB, and LC, and one Invariant Point of three coexisted minerals (LS + LB + LC). A comparison of the phase diagrams at 288.15, 298.15, and 308.15 K shows that the areas of lithium sulfate monohydrate and lithium metabor...
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solid liquid phase equilibria in the aqueous ternary system li2so4 libo2 h2o at t 288 15 and 298 15 k
Fluid Phase Equilibria, 2014Co-Authors: Daolin Gao, Shiqiang Wang, Yafei Guo, Qiang Wang, Tianlong DengAbstract:Abstract The solubility data and the physicochemical properties including density, pH value and refractive index of the ternary system Li2SO4 + LiBO2 + H2O at T = 288.15 and 298.15 K were determined experimentally with the isothermal dissolution equilibrium method. Based on the experimental results, the phase diagrams and their corresponding physicochemical properties versus composition diagram in the system were plotted. The phase diagrams for the system at T = 288.15 and 298.15 K are all in one Invariant Point for (Li2SO4·H2O + LiBO2·8H2O), two univariant curves, and two crystallizing regions corresponding to the lithium sulfate monohydrate (Li2SO4·H2O) and lithium metaborate octahydrate (LiBO2·8H2O). The phase diagrams of the ternary system at two temperatures belong to hydrate type I, and neither double salt nor solid solution was found. A comparison of the phase diagrams for the ternary system at 298.15 and 288.15 K shows that the crystallized area of Li2SO4·H2O is increased with the increasing of temperature while that of LiBO2·8H2O is decreased obviously. The physicochemical properties (density, pH value and refractive index) in the ternary system at 288.15 and 298.15 K are changed regularly with the increasing of lithium sulfate concentration in the solution, and singular phenomena for the extreme values are amazedly appeared at the Invariant Points.
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metastable phase equilibrium in the aqueous ternary system kcl cacl2 h2o at 288 15 and 308 15 k
Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data, 2008Co-Authors: Tianlong Deng, Dongchan Li, Shiqiang WangAbstract:The solubility and the physicochemical properties (density and refractive index) in the liquid–solid metastable system (KCl−CaCl2−H2O) at (288.15 and 308.15) K were determined using the isothermal evaporation method. Based on the experimental data, the metastable phase diagrams and the diagrams of physicochemical properties vs composition in the system at (288.15 and 308.15) K were plotted. In the metastable phase diagrams of the ternary system at (288.15 and 308.15) K, there are in all one Invariant Point, two univariant curves, and two crystallization zones, corresponding to potassium chloride, antarcticite (CaCl2·6H2O) at 288.15 K, and potassium chloride, and calcium chloride tetrahydrate (CaCl2·4H2O), at 308.15 K. This system at both temperatures belongs to a simple eutectic type, and neither double salts nor solid solution were found. Based on the extended Harvie−Weare (HW) models and temperature-dependent equations at (288.15 and 308.15) K, respectively, the values of the Pitzer parameters β(0), β(1...
Ying Zeng - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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stable phase equilibrium and phase diagram of the quinary system li k rb mg2 borate h2o at t 348 15 k
Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data, 2016Co-Authors: Ying Zeng, Shanshan Guo, Yujuan ZhangAbstract:The stable phase equilibrium of mixed aqueous electrolyte system Li+, K+, Rb+, Mg2+//borate-H2O has been studied using the isothermal dissolution method at T = 348.15 K. The space diagram, the planar projection diagram (saturated with Li2B4O7), water content diagram, and diagrams of the physicochemical properties (densities and refractive indices) have been constructed based on the Janecke method. The crystallographic form of the solid phase at the quinary system Invariant Point was identified by the X-ray diffraction method. Results show that the quinary system belongs to a simple type without solid solution or double salt formed. The crystallographic form of borates formed in this work are Li2B4O7·3H2O, K2B4O5(OH)4·2H2O, RbB5O6(OH)4·2H2O, and MgB4O5(OH)4·7H2O. Under the condition of Li2B4O7 saturated, the crystallization area of salts decrease in the order of RbB5O6(OH)4·2H2O > MgB4O5(OH)4·7H2O > K2B4O5(OH)4·2H2O.
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stable phase equilibrium of aqueous quaternary system li k mg2 borate h2o at 348 k
Journal of Chemical Engineering of Japan, 2014Co-Authors: Qi Tan, Ying Zeng, Yujuan ZhangAbstract:The solubility values and physicochemical properties such as densities, refractive indices, and pH values of the equilibrium solution in the quaternary system Li+, K+, Mg2+//borate–H2O at 348 K were measured by isothermal dissolution method. The phase diagram, water content diagram, and the diagrams of the physicochemical properties versus composition were constructed using the measured data. Results show that this quaternary system at 348 K is of a simple type, no double salt or solid solution formed. The stable phase diagram of this quaternary system consists of one Invariant Point, three univariant curves, and three crystalline phase areas. The Invariant Point saturated with three salts corresponding to lithium tetraborate trihydrate (Li2B4O7·3H2O), potassium tetraborate tetrahydrate (K2B4O7·4H2O), and hungchaoite (MgB4O7·9H2O). The crystallization field of MgB4O7·9H2O is the maximum, meaning that the salt magnesium borate has the smallest solubility among the coexisting salts. Comparisons between the ...
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the solubilities and physicochemical properties of the aqueous quaternary system li k rb borate h2o at 348 k
Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data, 2014Co-Authors: Fengping Yan, Yujuan Zhang, Qinghong Yin, Ying ZengAbstract:The solubility values and physicochemical properties (pH values, refractive indices, and densities) of electrolyte mixtures in quaternary system containing lithium, potassium, rubidium, and borate were investigated at 348 K by isothermal dissolution method. The space phase diagram, the planar projection diagram, the water content diagram, and the diagrams of physicochemical properties depending on the composition were obtained using the measured data. The phase diagram of this quaternary system contains one Invariant Point, three univariant curves, and three single salts corresponding to lithium tetraborate trihydrate (Li2B4O7·3H2O), potassium tetraborate tetrahydrate (K2B4O5(OH)4·2H2O), and rubidium pentaborate tetrahydrate (RbB5O6(OH)4·2H2O). This quaternary system is of a simple cosaturation type, no double salt or solid solution formed. The scope of areas of crystallization of salts is such that RbB5O6(OH)4·2H2O > Li2B4O7·3H2O > K2B4O5(OH)4·2H2O, which demonstrates the salt RbB5O6(OH)4·2H2O can be mor...
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metastable phase equilibrium in the aqueous quaternary system licl li2so4 li2b4o7 h2o at 273 k
Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data, 2011Co-Authors: Hongxia Yang, Ying ZengAbstract:The metastable phase equilibrium in the quaternary system LiCl + Li2SO4 + Li2B4O7 + H2O was studied at T = 273 K using an isothermal evaporation method. The solubilities, densities, and pH values were determined experimentally. The crystalloid forms of the solid phase were determined using chemical analysis and an X-ray diffraction method. On the basis of the experimental data, the metastable phase diagram, water diagram, pH value diagram, and density diagram were plotted. The experimental results show that this system is of a simple eutectic type; no double salt or solid solution formed at the investigated temperature. The phase diagram consists of one Invariant Point, three univariant curves, and three crystallization regions. The three crystallization regions correspond to salts LiCl·H2O, Li2SO4·H2O, and LiBO2·8H2O. The salt LiBO2·8H2O has the largest crystallization field, whereas the salt LiCl·H2O has the smallest crystallization field. The salt LiCl has a strong salting-out effect on the salt Li2SO4...
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metastable phase equilibrium in the quaternary system nacl kcl na2co3 k2co3 h2o at 273 k
Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data, 2010Co-Authors: Ying Zeng, Zhiyuan ZhengAbstract:The metastable phase equilibrium in the quaternary system NaCl + KCl + Na2CO3 + K2CO3 + H2O was studied at 273 K using an isothermal evaporation method. The solubility and the density of the equilibrated solution were determined. On the basis of the solubility data, the metastable phase diagram and the water diagram were plotted. The phase diagram consists of three Invariant Points, seven univariant curves, and five metastable crystallization fields. Among the three Invariant Points, Points E1 and E3 are a commensurate Invariant Point type, while Point E2 is a incommensurate Invariant Point type. The three cosaturated salts for Points E1, E2, and E3 are NaCl + KCl + Na2CO3·10H2O, KCl + Na2CO3·10H2O + KNaCO3·6H2O, and KCl + K2CO3·3/2H2O + KNaCO3·6H2O, respectively. The five metastable crystallization fields correspond to the single salts potassium chloride (KCl), sodium chloride (NaCl), sodium carbonate decahydrate (Na2CO3·10H2O), potassium carbonate sesquihydrate (K2CO3·3/2H2O), and a hexahydrate double s...
Yafei Guo - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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phase equilibria in the aqueous ternary systems licl libo2 h2o and li2so4 libo2 h2o at 323 15 k and 0 1 mpa
Fluid Phase Equilibria, 2017Co-Authors: Sisi Zhang, Yafei Guo, Mengmeng Shen, Tianlong DengAbstract:Abstract Combining the methods of isothermal dissolution equilibrium and the wet-residue solid phase (Schreinemarkers rule), the phase equilibria of the ternary systems (LiCl + LiBO2 + H2O) and (Li2SO4+ LiBO2 + H2O) at 323.15 K and 0.1 MPa were investigated. On the basis of the experimental data on solubilities and the physicochemical properties including density, refractive index and pH value, the phase diagrams and physicochemical properties versus composition diagrams of the two systems were plotted. For the two systems, there are both in one Invariant Point, two univariant curves, and two crystallization regions corresponding to lithium metaborate dehydrate (LiBO2·2H2O, Lb2), lithium chloride monohydrate (LiCl·H2O i.e. Lc1, in the former) and lithium sulfate monohydrate (Li2SO4·H2O i.e. Ls1, in the later), and the area of the crystallization region of Lb2 is the largest when compared with those of Lc1 and Ls1, and those results demonstrate that the solubility of lithium metaborate is the lowest. A comparison of the phase diagrams between this work at 323.15 K and the literature at (288.15, 298.15 and 308.15) K in the former system, the crystallization region of LiBO2·8H2O existed at 288.15, 298.15 and 308.15 K is disappeared at 323.15 K. Relationships between solubility and temperature for LiBO2 and LiCl are both in positive correlation obviously. However, a comparison of the phase diagrams between this work at 323.15 K and the literature at (288.15, 298.15) K in the later system, it was found that the mineral LiBO2·8H2O existed at 288.15 and 298.15 K is replaced by LiBO2·2H2O, and the component of Li2SO4 in the solution has a relatively strong salting-out effect to LiBO2, and the concentrations of LiBO2 in the solution are decreased considerably with the increasing of lithium sulfate concentration in the solution. The calculated values of refractive index using empirical equations for the two ternary systems are in good agreement with the experimental values.
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Solubilities, Densities and Refractive Indices in the Aqueous Quaternary System of Lithium Sulfate, Lithium Metaborate, and Lithium Carbonate at 288.15, 298.15, 308.15 K and 0.1 MPa
Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data, 2016Co-Authors: Yafei Guo, Lina Cao, Shiqiang Wang, Tianlong DengAbstract:Solubilities, densities and refractive indices of the aqueous quaternary system of lithium sulfate, lithium metaborate, and lithium carbonate at 288.15, 298.15, 308.15 K and 0.1 MPa were determined with isothermal dissolution method. According to the experimental results, the dry-salt phase diagrams, water-phase diagrams, and the diagrams of physicochemical properties including density, pH, and refractive index versus composition of lithium sulfate at three temperatures were plotted. In the dry-salt phase diagrams at three temperatures, there are four crystallization regions corresponding to lithium metaborate octahydrate (LiBO2·8H2O, LB), lithium carbonate (Li2CO3, LC), and lithium sulfate monohydrate (Li2SO4·H2O, LS), and three univariant-solubility curves corresponding to minerals of LS, LB, and LC, and one Invariant Point of three coexisted minerals (LS + LB + LC). A comparison of the phase diagrams at 288.15, 298.15, and 308.15 K shows that the areas of lithium sulfate monohydrate and lithium metabor...
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solid liquid phase equilibria in the aqueous ternary system li2so4 libo2 h2o at t 288 15 and 298 15 k
Fluid Phase Equilibria, 2014Co-Authors: Daolin Gao, Shiqiang Wang, Yafei Guo, Qiang Wang, Tianlong DengAbstract:Abstract The solubility data and the physicochemical properties including density, pH value and refractive index of the ternary system Li2SO4 + LiBO2 + H2O at T = 288.15 and 298.15 K were determined experimentally with the isothermal dissolution equilibrium method. Based on the experimental results, the phase diagrams and their corresponding physicochemical properties versus composition diagram in the system were plotted. The phase diagrams for the system at T = 288.15 and 298.15 K are all in one Invariant Point for (Li2SO4·H2O + LiBO2·8H2O), two univariant curves, and two crystallizing regions corresponding to the lithium sulfate monohydrate (Li2SO4·H2O) and lithium metaborate octahydrate (LiBO2·8H2O). The phase diagrams of the ternary system at two temperatures belong to hydrate type I, and neither double salt nor solid solution was found. A comparison of the phase diagrams for the ternary system at 298.15 and 288.15 K shows that the crystallized area of Li2SO4·H2O is increased with the increasing of temperature while that of LiBO2·8H2O is decreased obviously. The physicochemical properties (density, pH value and refractive index) in the ternary system at 288.15 and 298.15 K are changed regularly with the increasing of lithium sulfate concentration in the solution, and singular phenomena for the extreme values are amazedly appeared at the Invariant Points.
Xiaojun Xi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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inhomogeneous double thinning modeling and analysis of cellular networks by using inhomogeneous poisson Point processes
IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, 2018Co-Authors: Marco Di Renzo, Shanshan Wang, Xiaojun XiAbstract:In this paper, we introduce a new methodology for modeling and analyzing downlink cellular networks, where the base stations (BSs) constitute a motion-Invariant Point process (PP) that exhibits some degree of interactions among the Points, i.e., spatial repulsion or spatial clustering. The proposed approach is based on the theory of inhomogeneous Poisson PPs (I-PPPs) and is referred to as inhomogeneous double thinning (IDT) approach. In a PP, the distribution of the distance from a randomly distributed (typical) user to its nearest BS depends on the degree of spatial repulsion or clustering exhibited by the PP. In addition, the average number of interfering BSs that lies within a given distance from the typical user is a function of the repulsion and clustering characteristics of the PP. The proposed approach consists of approximating the original motion-Invariant PP with an equivalent PP that is made of the superposition of two conditionally independent I-PPPs. The inhomogeneities of both PPs are created from the Point of view of the typical user (“user-centric”): the first one is based on the distribution of the user’s distance to its nearest BS and the second one is based on the distance-dependent average number of interfering BSs around the user. The inhomogeneities are mathematically modeled through two distance-dependent thinning functions and a tractable expression of the coverage probability is obtained. Sufficient conditions on the parameters of the thinning functions that guarantee better or worse coverage compared with the baseline homogeneous PPP model are identified. The accuracy of the IDT approach is substantiated with the aid of empirical data for the spatial distribution of the BSs.
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Inhomogeneous Double Thinning—Modeling and Analysis of Cellular Networks by Using Inhomogeneous Poisson Point Processes
IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, 2018Co-Authors: Marco Di Renzo, Shanshan Wang, Xiaojun XiAbstract:In this paper, we introduce a new methodology for modeling and analyzing downlink cellular networks, where the base stations (BSs) constitute a motion-Invariant Point process (PP) that exhibits some degree of interactions among the Points, i.e., spatial repulsion or spatial clustering. The proposed approach is based on the theory of inhomogeneous Poisson PPs (I-PPPs) and is referred to as inhomogeneous double thinning (IDT) approach. In a PP, the distribution of the distance from a randomly distributed (typical) user to its nearest BS depends on the degree of spatial repulsion or clustering exhibited by the PP. In addition, the average number of interfering BSs that lies within a given distance from the typical user is a function of the repulsion and clustering characteristics of the PP. The proposed approach consists of approximating the original motion-Invariant PP with an equivalent PP that is made of the superposition of two conditionally independent I-PPPs. The inhomogeneities of both PPs are created from the Point of view of the typical user (“user-centric”): the first one is based on the distribution of the user's distance to its nearest BS and the second one is based on the distance-dependent average number of interfering BSs around the user. The inhomogeneities are mathematically modeled through two distance-dependent thinning functions and a tractable expression of the coverage probability is obtained. Sufficient conditions on the parameters of the thinning functions that guarantee better or worse coverage compared with the baseline homogeneous PPP model are identified. The accuracy of the IDT approach is substantiated with the aid of empirical data for the spatial distribution of the BSs.
David M. Jenkins - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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dehydration and partial melting of tremolitic amphibole coexisting with zoisite quartz anorthite diopside and water in the system h 2 o cao mgo al 2 o 3 sio 2
Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 1998Co-Authors: Diane M Quirion, David M. JenkinsAbstract:The greenschist to amphibolite transition as modeled by the reaction zoisite+tremolite + quartz= anorthite+diopside+water has been experimentally investigated in the chemical system H2O−CaO− MgO−Al2O3−SiO2 over the range of 0.4–0.8 GPa. This reaction is observed to lie within the stability fields of anorthite + water and of zoisite + quartz, in accord with phase equilibrium principles, and its position is in excellent agreement with the boundary calculated from current internally-consistent data bases. The small dP/dT slope of 0.00216 GPa/K (21.6 bars/K) observed for this reaction supports the pressure-dependency of this transition in this chemical system. Experimental reversals of the Al content in tremolitic amphibole coexisting with zoisite, diopside, quartz, and water were obtained at 600, 650, and 700°C and indicated Al total cations (atoms per formula unit, apfu) of only up to 0.5±0.08 at the highest temperature. Thermodynamic analysis of these and previous compositional reversal data for tremolitic amphibole indicated that, of the activity/composition relationships considered, a two-site-coupled cation substitution model yielded the best fit to the data and a S0 (1 bar, 298 K) of 575.4±1.6 J/K · mol for magnesio-hornblende. The calculated isopleths of constant Al content in the amphibole are relatively temperature sensitive with Al content increasing with increasing temperature and pressure. Finally, several experiments in the range of 1.0–1.3 GPa were conducted to define the onset of melting, and thus the upper-thermal limit, for this mineral assemblage, which must involve an Invariant Point located at approximately 1.05 GPa and 770°C.
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dehydration and partial melting of tremolitic amphibole coexisting with zoisite quartz anorthite diopside and water in the system
1998Co-Authors: Diane M Quirion, David M. JenkinsAbstract:The greenschist to amphibolite transition as modeled by the reaction zoisitea tremolitea quartza anorthitea diopsidea water has been experimentally investigated in the chemical system H2O-CaO- MgO-Al2O3-SiO2 over the range of 0.4-0.8 GPa. This reaction is observed to lie within the stability fields of anorthite + water and of zoisite + quartz, in accord with phase equilibrium principles, and its position is in excellent agreement with the boundary calculated from current internally-consistent data bases. The small dP=dT slope of 0.00216 GPa/K (21.6 bars/K) observed for this reaction supports the pressure-dependency of this transition in this chemical system. Experimental reversals of the Al content in tremolitic amphibole co- existing with zoisite, diopside, quartz, and water were obtained at 600, 650, and 700C and indicated Al total cations (atoms per formula unit, apfu) of only up to 0:5 0:08 at the highest temperature. Thermodynamic analysis of these and previous compositional reversal data for tremolitic amphibole indicated that, of the ac- tivity/composition relationships considered, a two-site- coupled cation substitution model yielded the best fit to the data and a S 0 (1 bar, 298 K) of 575:4 1:6 J/K AE mol for magnesio-hornblende. The calculated isopleths of constant Al content in the amphibole are relatively temperature sensitive with Al content increasing with increasing temperature and pressure. Finally, several experiments in the range of 1.0-1.3 GPa were conducted to define the onset of melting, and thus the upper-ther- mal limit, for this mineral assemblage, which must in- volve an Invariant Point located at approximately 1.05 GPa and 770C.
