Iron Oxide Pellet

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Dihua Wang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • reduction mechanism and carbon content investigation for electrolytic production of Iron from solid fe2o3 in molten k2co3 na2co3 using an inert anode
    Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry, 2013
    Co-Authors: Diyong Tang, Dihua Wang, Wei Xiao
    Abstract:

    Iron and oxygen was recently electrochemically prepared in molten Na2CO3-K2CO3 eutectic melt at 750 degrees C using a solid Iron Oxide Pellet cathode and a cheap Ni10Cu11 Fe alloy inert anode. This paper focuses to reveal the detailed reduction kinetics of solid Fe2O3 in the melt and also the effect of reduction potential on the carbon content in the Iron product. The reduction mechanism was systematically investigated by cyclic voltammetric measurements, potentiostatic electrolysis combining with the composition and morphology analysis of the products obtained at different potentials. It was found that the reduction of Fe2O3 involves three steps, with the formation of intermediate products, viz., NaFe2O3 and NaFeO2. The influence of electrolysis voltage/potential on the carbon content in the products was investigated by using both constant voltage and potentiostatic electrolysis under different conditions. The carbon content was found to be in the range of 0.035-0.76 wt.%, depending on the applied cathodic potential. The Iron-based products with higher carbon content can be obtained upon electrolysis at a higher cell voltage or a more negative potential. The present results also demonstrated a controllable extraction of Fe-C steels with desired carbon content through an envIronmental friendly way. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  • Reduction mechanism and carbon content investigation for electrolytic production of Iron from solid Fe2O3 in molten K2CO3–Na2CO3 using an inert anode
    Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry, 2013
    Co-Authors: Diyong Tang, Wei Xiao, Huayi Yin, Hua Zhu, Xuhui Mao, Dihua Wang
    Abstract:

    Abstract Iron and oxygen was recently electrochemically prepared in molten Na2CO3–K2CO3 eutectic melt at 750 °C using a solid Iron Oxide Pellet cathode and a cheap Ni10Cu11Fe alloy inert anode. This paper focuses to reveal the detailed reduction kinetics of solid Fe2O3 in the melt and also the effect of reduction potential on the carbon content in the Iron product. The reduction mechanism was systematically investigated by cyclic voltammetric measurements, potentiostatic electrolysis combining with the composition and morphology analysis of the products obtained at different potentials. It was found that the reduction of Fe2O3 involves three steps, with the formation of intermediate products, viz., NaFe2O3 and NaFeO2. The influence of electrolysis voltage/potential on the carbon content in the products was investigated by using both constant voltage and potentiostatic electrolysis under different conditions. The carbon content was found to be in the range of 0.035–0.76 wt.%, depending on the applied cathodic potential. The Iron-based products with higher carbon content can be obtained upon electrolysis at a higher cell voltage or a more negative potential. The present results also demonstrated a controllable extraction of Fe–C steels with desired carbon content through an envIronmental friendly way.

Jinbao Yang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • energy and exergy analyses of a mixed fuel fired grate kiln for Iron ore Pellet induration
    Energy Conversion and Management, 2011
    Co-Authors: Yu Zhang, Junxiao Feng, Jinghai Xu, Yongming Zhang, Jinbao Yang
    Abstract:

    Abstract Many models of Iron ore Pellet induration have been developed on the basis of the first law of thermodynamics. However, the exergy analysis, well grounded on the first and second law, of the process is rare. Therefore, exergy balance test was systematically carried out on a grate–kiln, and energy and exergy analyses have been conducted to investigate irreversibility of the process. A model of Iron Oxide Pellet exergy (IOPEM) is presented according to oxidation kinetic characteristics. It is found that the maximum effect (−6.8%) of the characteristics on the Pellet exergy appears in the raised end of the kiln. The exergy efficiency of the system is determined to be 10.7% whereas its energy efficiency 59.9%, indicating a great potential for energy-saving improvements. The exergy analysis reveals exergy destruction ratio of kiln and cooler is 14.1%, and 7.7% respectively, and the largest exergy destruction (74.2%) results from the grate. No violent effect of reference envIronment temperature on exergy efficiency of major components is observed, indicating the grate is the major source of irreversibility. In a word, this study provides a better understanding of the energy and exergy flows of Iron ore Pellet induration in the grate–kiln and helps to economize energy.

  • Energy and exergy analyses of a mixed fuel-fired grate–kiln for Iron ore Pellet induration
    Energy Conversion and Management, 2011
    Co-Authors: Yu Zhang, Junxiao Feng, Yongming Zhang, Jinbao Yang
    Abstract:

    Abstract Many models of Iron ore Pellet induration have been developed on the basis of the first law of thermodynamics. However, the exergy analysis, well grounded on the first and second law, of the process is rare. Therefore, exergy balance test was systematically carried out on a grate–kiln, and energy and exergy analyses have been conducted to investigate irreversibility of the process. A model of Iron Oxide Pellet exergy (IOPEM) is presented according to oxidation kinetic characteristics. It is found that the maximum effect (−6.8%) of the characteristics on the Pellet exergy appears in the raised end of the kiln. The exergy efficiency of the system is determined to be 10.7% whereas its energy efficiency 59.9%, indicating a great potential for energy-saving improvements. The exergy analysis reveals exergy destruction ratio of kiln and cooler is 14.1%, and 7.7% respectively, and the largest exergy destruction (74.2%) results from the grate. No violent effect of reference envIronment temperature on exergy efficiency of major components is observed, indicating the grate is the major source of irreversibility. In a word, this study provides a better understanding of the energy and exergy flows of Iron ore Pellet induration in the grate–kiln and helps to economize energy.

Yu Zhang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • energy and exergy analyses of a mixed fuel fired grate kiln for Iron ore Pellet induration
    Energy Conversion and Management, 2011
    Co-Authors: Yu Zhang, Junxiao Feng, Jinghai Xu, Yongming Zhang, Jinbao Yang
    Abstract:

    Abstract Many models of Iron ore Pellet induration have been developed on the basis of the first law of thermodynamics. However, the exergy analysis, well grounded on the first and second law, of the process is rare. Therefore, exergy balance test was systematically carried out on a grate–kiln, and energy and exergy analyses have been conducted to investigate irreversibility of the process. A model of Iron Oxide Pellet exergy (IOPEM) is presented according to oxidation kinetic characteristics. It is found that the maximum effect (−6.8%) of the characteristics on the Pellet exergy appears in the raised end of the kiln. The exergy efficiency of the system is determined to be 10.7% whereas its energy efficiency 59.9%, indicating a great potential for energy-saving improvements. The exergy analysis reveals exergy destruction ratio of kiln and cooler is 14.1%, and 7.7% respectively, and the largest exergy destruction (74.2%) results from the grate. No violent effect of reference envIronment temperature on exergy efficiency of major components is observed, indicating the grate is the major source of irreversibility. In a word, this study provides a better understanding of the energy and exergy flows of Iron ore Pellet induration in the grate–kiln and helps to economize energy.

  • Energy and exergy analyses of a mixed fuel-fired grate–kiln for Iron ore Pellet induration
    Energy Conversion and Management, 2011
    Co-Authors: Yu Zhang, Junxiao Feng, Yongming Zhang, Jinbao Yang
    Abstract:

    Abstract Many models of Iron ore Pellet induration have been developed on the basis of the first law of thermodynamics. However, the exergy analysis, well grounded on the first and second law, of the process is rare. Therefore, exergy balance test was systematically carried out on a grate–kiln, and energy and exergy analyses have been conducted to investigate irreversibility of the process. A model of Iron Oxide Pellet exergy (IOPEM) is presented according to oxidation kinetic characteristics. It is found that the maximum effect (−6.8%) of the characteristics on the Pellet exergy appears in the raised end of the kiln. The exergy efficiency of the system is determined to be 10.7% whereas its energy efficiency 59.9%, indicating a great potential for energy-saving improvements. The exergy analysis reveals exergy destruction ratio of kiln and cooler is 14.1%, and 7.7% respectively, and the largest exergy destruction (74.2%) results from the grate. No violent effect of reference envIronment temperature on exergy efficiency of major components is observed, indicating the grate is the major source of irreversibility. In a word, this study provides a better understanding of the energy and exergy flows of Iron ore Pellet induration in the grate–kiln and helps to economize energy.

Diyong Tang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • reduction mechanism and carbon content investigation for electrolytic production of Iron from solid fe2o3 in molten k2co3 na2co3 using an inert anode
    Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry, 2013
    Co-Authors: Diyong Tang, Dihua Wang, Wei Xiao
    Abstract:

    Iron and oxygen was recently electrochemically prepared in molten Na2CO3-K2CO3 eutectic melt at 750 degrees C using a solid Iron Oxide Pellet cathode and a cheap Ni10Cu11 Fe alloy inert anode. This paper focuses to reveal the detailed reduction kinetics of solid Fe2O3 in the melt and also the effect of reduction potential on the carbon content in the Iron product. The reduction mechanism was systematically investigated by cyclic voltammetric measurements, potentiostatic electrolysis combining with the composition and morphology analysis of the products obtained at different potentials. It was found that the reduction of Fe2O3 involves three steps, with the formation of intermediate products, viz., NaFe2O3 and NaFeO2. The influence of electrolysis voltage/potential on the carbon content in the products was investigated by using both constant voltage and potentiostatic electrolysis under different conditions. The carbon content was found to be in the range of 0.035-0.76 wt.%, depending on the applied cathodic potential. The Iron-based products with higher carbon content can be obtained upon electrolysis at a higher cell voltage or a more negative potential. The present results also demonstrated a controllable extraction of Fe-C steels with desired carbon content through an envIronmental friendly way. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  • Reduction mechanism and carbon content investigation for electrolytic production of Iron from solid Fe2O3 in molten K2CO3–Na2CO3 using an inert anode
    Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry, 2013
    Co-Authors: Diyong Tang, Wei Xiao, Huayi Yin, Hua Zhu, Xuhui Mao, Dihua Wang
    Abstract:

    Abstract Iron and oxygen was recently electrochemically prepared in molten Na2CO3–K2CO3 eutectic melt at 750 °C using a solid Iron Oxide Pellet cathode and a cheap Ni10Cu11Fe alloy inert anode. This paper focuses to reveal the detailed reduction kinetics of solid Fe2O3 in the melt and also the effect of reduction potential on the carbon content in the Iron product. The reduction mechanism was systematically investigated by cyclic voltammetric measurements, potentiostatic electrolysis combining with the composition and morphology analysis of the products obtained at different potentials. It was found that the reduction of Fe2O3 involves three steps, with the formation of intermediate products, viz., NaFe2O3 and NaFeO2. The influence of electrolysis voltage/potential on the carbon content in the products was investigated by using both constant voltage and potentiostatic electrolysis under different conditions. The carbon content was found to be in the range of 0.035–0.76 wt.%, depending on the applied cathodic potential. The Iron-based products with higher carbon content can be obtained upon electrolysis at a higher cell voltage or a more negative potential. The present results also demonstrated a controllable extraction of Fe–C steels with desired carbon content through an envIronmental friendly way.

Yongming Zhang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • energy and exergy analyses of a mixed fuel fired grate kiln for Iron ore Pellet induration
    Energy Conversion and Management, 2011
    Co-Authors: Yu Zhang, Junxiao Feng, Jinghai Xu, Yongming Zhang, Jinbao Yang
    Abstract:

    Abstract Many models of Iron ore Pellet induration have been developed on the basis of the first law of thermodynamics. However, the exergy analysis, well grounded on the first and second law, of the process is rare. Therefore, exergy balance test was systematically carried out on a grate–kiln, and energy and exergy analyses have been conducted to investigate irreversibility of the process. A model of Iron Oxide Pellet exergy (IOPEM) is presented according to oxidation kinetic characteristics. It is found that the maximum effect (−6.8%) of the characteristics on the Pellet exergy appears in the raised end of the kiln. The exergy efficiency of the system is determined to be 10.7% whereas its energy efficiency 59.9%, indicating a great potential for energy-saving improvements. The exergy analysis reveals exergy destruction ratio of kiln and cooler is 14.1%, and 7.7% respectively, and the largest exergy destruction (74.2%) results from the grate. No violent effect of reference envIronment temperature on exergy efficiency of major components is observed, indicating the grate is the major source of irreversibility. In a word, this study provides a better understanding of the energy and exergy flows of Iron ore Pellet induration in the grate–kiln and helps to economize energy.

  • Energy and exergy analyses of a mixed fuel-fired grate–kiln for Iron ore Pellet induration
    Energy Conversion and Management, 2011
    Co-Authors: Yu Zhang, Junxiao Feng, Yongming Zhang, Jinbao Yang
    Abstract:

    Abstract Many models of Iron ore Pellet induration have been developed on the basis of the first law of thermodynamics. However, the exergy analysis, well grounded on the first and second law, of the process is rare. Therefore, exergy balance test was systematically carried out on a grate–kiln, and energy and exergy analyses have been conducted to investigate irreversibility of the process. A model of Iron Oxide Pellet exergy (IOPEM) is presented according to oxidation kinetic characteristics. It is found that the maximum effect (−6.8%) of the characteristics on the Pellet exergy appears in the raised end of the kiln. The exergy efficiency of the system is determined to be 10.7% whereas its energy efficiency 59.9%, indicating a great potential for energy-saving improvements. The exergy analysis reveals exergy destruction ratio of kiln and cooler is 14.1%, and 7.7% respectively, and the largest exergy destruction (74.2%) results from the grate. No violent effect of reference envIronment temperature on exergy efficiency of major components is observed, indicating the grate is the major source of irreversibility. In a word, this study provides a better understanding of the energy and exergy flows of Iron ore Pellet induration in the grate–kiln and helps to economize energy.