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Timo Fabritius - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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bioreducer use in finnish blast furnace ironmaking analysis of co2 emission Reduction Potential and mitigation cost
Applied Energy, 2014Co-Authors: Hannu Suopajarvi, Eva Pongracz, Timo FabritiusAbstract:Bioreducer use in the blast furnace could be one of the measures to decrease the fossil CO2 emissions of steelmaking. This paper presents an environmental and economic evaluation of three bioreducers; charcoal, torrefied wood and wood-based synthetic natural gas (Bio-SNG), produced from logging residues, small-diameter wood and stumps. Additionally, the CO2 emission Reduction Potential of these bioreducers is calculated, using Ruukki, a Finnish steel producer as a reference. Finally, we present the CO2 mitigation cost for each bioreducer.
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bioreducer use in finnish blast furnace ironmaking analysis of co2 emission Reduction Potential and mitigation cost
Applied Energy, 2014Co-Authors: Hannu Suopajarvi, Eva Pongracz, Timo FabritiusAbstract:Abstract Bioreducer use in the blast furnace could be one of the measures to decrease the fossil CO 2 emissions of steelmaking. This paper presents an environmental and economic evaluation of three bioreducers; charcoal, torrefied wood and wood-based synthetic natural gas (Bio-SNG), produced from logging residues, small-diameter wood and stumps. Additionally, the CO 2 emission Reduction Potential of these bioreducers is calculated, using Ruukki, a Finnish steel producer as a reference. Finally, we present the CO 2 mitigation cost for each bioreducer. The Carbon Footprint (CFP) of the bioreducers without fertilizer production, carbon stock change and by-product credits is 7.2, 8.7, 8.5, 9.0 gCO 2 /MJ for charcoal, 4.9, 5.2, 5.6, 5.4 gCO 2 /MJ for torrefied wood and 7.4, 8.3, 8.2, 8.5 gCO 2 /MJ for Bio-SNG, produced from logging residues, small-diameter wood with 30% and 50% moisture content and stumps, respectively. The CFP becomes larger when carbon stock change is taken into account; 45–117 gCO 2 /MJ for charcoal, 27–61.0 gCO 2 /MJ for torrefied wood and 32–79 gCO 2 /MJ, for Bio-SNG. By-product credits can turn CFP to negative from −36.3 to −25.0 gCO 2 /MJ for charcoal and from −2.7 to 4.7 gCO 2 /MJ for Bio-SNG without carbon stock change and fertilizer use. Energy Return on Investment (EROI) of all the bioreducers is well above one, which means that production is energetically feasible. Based on the Finnish example, the global CO 2 Reduction Potential could be up to 0.99–1.01 Mtons without and 1.29–1.39 Mtons with by-product credits annually. The CO 2 mitigation costs without by-product credits are 33–69 €/tCO 2 , 22–53 €/tCO 2 and 112–150 €/tCO 2 and with by-product credits 26–54 €/tCO 2 , 22–53 €/tCO 2 and 107–143 €/tCO 2 for charcoal, torrefied wood and Bio-SNG, respectively. Even though the CO 2 mitigation cost of bioreducers is considerably high in current cost structures, they provide a flexible alternative to CO 2 emission Reduction in the steel industry.
Hannu Suopajarvi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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bioreducer use in finnish blast furnace ironmaking analysis of co2 emission Reduction Potential and mitigation cost
Applied Energy, 2014Co-Authors: Hannu Suopajarvi, Eva Pongracz, Timo FabritiusAbstract:Bioreducer use in the blast furnace could be one of the measures to decrease the fossil CO2 emissions of steelmaking. This paper presents an environmental and economic evaluation of three bioreducers; charcoal, torrefied wood and wood-based synthetic natural gas (Bio-SNG), produced from logging residues, small-diameter wood and stumps. Additionally, the CO2 emission Reduction Potential of these bioreducers is calculated, using Ruukki, a Finnish steel producer as a reference. Finally, we present the CO2 mitigation cost for each bioreducer.
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bioreducer use in finnish blast furnace ironmaking analysis of co2 emission Reduction Potential and mitigation cost
Applied Energy, 2014Co-Authors: Hannu Suopajarvi, Eva Pongracz, Timo FabritiusAbstract:Abstract Bioreducer use in the blast furnace could be one of the measures to decrease the fossil CO 2 emissions of steelmaking. This paper presents an environmental and economic evaluation of three bioreducers; charcoal, torrefied wood and wood-based synthetic natural gas (Bio-SNG), produced from logging residues, small-diameter wood and stumps. Additionally, the CO 2 emission Reduction Potential of these bioreducers is calculated, using Ruukki, a Finnish steel producer as a reference. Finally, we present the CO 2 mitigation cost for each bioreducer. The Carbon Footprint (CFP) of the bioreducers without fertilizer production, carbon stock change and by-product credits is 7.2, 8.7, 8.5, 9.0 gCO 2 /MJ for charcoal, 4.9, 5.2, 5.6, 5.4 gCO 2 /MJ for torrefied wood and 7.4, 8.3, 8.2, 8.5 gCO 2 /MJ for Bio-SNG, produced from logging residues, small-diameter wood with 30% and 50% moisture content and stumps, respectively. The CFP becomes larger when carbon stock change is taken into account; 45–117 gCO 2 /MJ for charcoal, 27–61.0 gCO 2 /MJ for torrefied wood and 32–79 gCO 2 /MJ, for Bio-SNG. By-product credits can turn CFP to negative from −36.3 to −25.0 gCO 2 /MJ for charcoal and from −2.7 to 4.7 gCO 2 /MJ for Bio-SNG without carbon stock change and fertilizer use. Energy Return on Investment (EROI) of all the bioreducers is well above one, which means that production is energetically feasible. Based on the Finnish example, the global CO 2 Reduction Potential could be up to 0.99–1.01 Mtons without and 1.29–1.39 Mtons with by-product credits annually. The CO 2 mitigation costs without by-product credits are 33–69 €/tCO 2 , 22–53 €/tCO 2 and 112–150 €/tCO 2 and with by-product credits 26–54 €/tCO 2 , 22–53 €/tCO 2 and 107–143 €/tCO 2 for charcoal, torrefied wood and Bio-SNG, respectively. Even though the CO 2 mitigation cost of bioreducers is considerably high in current cost structures, they provide a flexible alternative to CO 2 emission Reduction in the steel industry.
Yuan Zeng - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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china s regional co2 emissions Reduction Potential a study of chongqing city
Applied Energy, 2016Co-Authors: Xianchun Tan, Lele Dong, Dexue Chen, Yuan ZengAbstract:Abstract Since China has put forward a series of obligatory Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emission Reduction targets, provincial governments have issued provincial-level “Twelfth Five-Year” carbon intensity (CO2 emissions/GDP) Reduction targets. There are 653 cities distributed throughout the eastern, middle and western parts of China, and each region has different quotas and paths to reduce GHG emissions, while the western part has greater challenges than the others. This paper predicts CO2 emission Reduction Potential of Chongqing, assesses the difficulty of achieving its CO2 emission Reduction targets, and analyses its low-carbon transition path. The results show that the carbon intensity of Chongqing in 2020 will range from 1.58 to 1.75 ton CO2/104 RMB, and there exist some scenarios with strong Potential to meet carbon intensity Reduction targets for 2020. Improved technology, energy efficiency, the optimization of energy input mix, and the adjustment of industrial structure are suggested to be major strategies to reach Chongqing’s carbon intensity targets.
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co2 emission Reduction Potential in china s electricity sector scenario analysis based on lmdi decomposition
Energy Procedia, 2015Co-Authors: Xianchun Tan, Yuan ZengAbstract:Abstract The CO 2 emission Reduction from China's electricity sector will matter not only for China but impact the result of the global action on climate change. This paper firstly analyzed the main factors that affect the CO 2 emission in accordance with the LMDI decomposition model. Then three scenarios were assumed based on the main factors to explore the CO 2 Reduction Potential. Furthermore, LMDI method was used again to measure the contribution of each factor to CO 2 emission Reduction Potential in the future. The results showed that the CO 2 emission will continue to grow in the three scenarios from 2010 to 2020, with an annual growth rate of 10.7%, 6.5% and 4.5%, respectively. The active low carbon policies taken on the driving factors will contribute to 2701Mt - 3688Mt CO 2 emission Reduction. The share of low-carbon power generation and thermal power generation efficiency are most important factors for emission Reduction. However, in the long run, low-carbon power generation will contribute more. Terminal electricity consumption is always the most important factor driving CO 2 emission up. Finally, policies for low-carbon development of China's electricity sector are proposed based on the analysis results.
David Baror - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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oxidation Reduction Potential as a biomarker for severity and acute outcome in traumatic brain injury
Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, 2016Co-Authors: Kimberly B Bjugstad, Leonard T Rael, Denetta S Slone, Charles W Mains, Stewart Levy, Matthew M Carrick, David BarorAbstract:There are few reliable markers for assessing traumatic brain injury (TBI). Elevated levels of oxidative stress have been observed in TBI patients. We hypothesized that oxidation-Reduction Potential (ORP) could be a potent biomarker in TBI. Two types of ORP were measured in patient plasma samples: the static state of oxidative stress (sORP) and capacity for induced oxidative stress (icORP). Differences in ORP values as a function of time after injury, severity, and hospital discharge were compared using ANOVAs with significance at . Logit regression analyses were used to predict acute outcome comparing ORP, Injury Severity Score (ISS), Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS), and Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS). Antioxidant capacity (icORP) on day 4 was prognostic for acute outcomes (). An odds ratio of 4.08 was associated with poor acute outcome when icORP > 7.25 μC. IcORP was a better predictor than ISS, AIS, or GCS scores. sORP increased in those with the highest ISS values (). Based on these findings ORP is useful biomarker for severity and acute outcome in TBI patients. Changes in ORP values on day 4 after injury were the most prognostic, suggesting that patients’ response to brain injury over time is a factor that determines outcome.
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assessment of oxidative stress in septic and obese patients using markers of oxidation Reduction Potential
in Vivo, 2015Co-Authors: Ypatios Spanidis, David Baror, Dimitrios Stagos, Nikolaos Goutzourelas, Anastasia S Kolyva, Charalambos Gogos, Dimitrios KouretasAbstract:BACKGROUND/AIM The novel static (sORP) and capacity (cORP) oxidation-Reduction Potential markers were examined for assessing oxidative stress in plasma of patients with sepsis. Moreover, the possible effect of obesity-induced oxidative stress on patients with sepsis was investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS sORP and cORP markers, as well as the conventional oxidative stress biomarkers total antioxidant capacity (TAC), thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) and protein carbonyls (CARB), were assessed in plasma. RESULTS sORP marker was increased significantly in the sepsis group, while cORP was significantly lower compared to the control group, indicating oxidative stress. Furthermore, in patients with sepsis, TAC was significantly lower compared to control group. However, obesity had no effect on sORP, cORP and TAC in patients with sepsis, although it increased levels of CARB and TBARS. CONCLUSION The present results suggest, for the first time, that ORP markers could be used for assessing oxidative stress in patients with sepsis.
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assessment of eccentric exercise induced oxidative stress using oxidation Reduction Potential markers
Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, 2015Co-Authors: Dimitrios Stagos, David Baror, Nikolaos Goutzourelas, Amaliamaria Ntontou, Ioannis Kafantaris, Chariklia K Deli, Athanasios Poulios, Athanasios Z Jamurtas, Dimitrios KouretasAbstract:The aim of the present study was to investigate the use of static (sORP) and capacity ORP (cORP) oxidation-Reduction Potential markers as measured by the RedoxSYS Diagnostic System in plasma, for assessing eccentric exercise-induced oxidative stress. Nineteen volunteers performed eccentric exercise with the knee extensors. Blood was collected before, immediately after exercise, and 24, 48, and 72 h after exercise. Moreover, common redox biomarkers were measured, which were protein carbonyls, thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances, total antioxidant capacity in plasma, and catalase activity and glutathione levels in erythrocytes. When the participants were examined as one group, there were not significant differences in any marker after exercise. However, in 11 participants there was a high increase in cORP after exercise, while in 8 participants there was a high decrease. Thus, the participants were divided in low cORP group exhibiting significant decrease in cORP after exercise and in high cORP group exhibiting significant increase. Moreover, only in the low cORP group there was a significant increase in lipid peroxidation after exercise suggesting induction of oxidative stress. The results suggested that high decreases in cORP values after exercise may indicate induction of oxidative stress by eccentric exercise, while high increases in cORP values after exercise may indicate no existence of oxidative stress.
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injury severity and serum amyloid a correlate with plasma oxidation Reduction Potential in multi trauma patients a retrospective analysis
Scandinavian Journal of Trauma Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine, 2009Co-Authors: Leonard T Rael, Raphael Baror, Denetta S Slone, Charles W Mains, Kristin Salottolo, Patrick J Offner, David BarorAbstract:Background In critical injury, the occurrence of increased oxidative stress or a reduced antioxidant status has been observed. The purpose of this study was to correlate the degree of oxidative stress, by measuring the oxidation-Reduction Potential (ORP) of plasma in the critically injured, with injury severity and serum amyloid A (SAA) levels.
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oxidation Reduction Potential and paraoxonase arylesterase activity in trauma patients
Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 2007Co-Authors: Leonard T Rael, Raphael Baror, Rachel M Aumann, Denetta S Slone, Charles W Mains, David BarorAbstract:The amount of oxidative stress in severely traumatized patients is usually based on various individual parameters such as total antioxidants and lipid peroxidation. Serial measurements of plasma oxidation-Reduction Potential (ORP) in severely traumatized patients as a simple mean of assessing overall oxidative stress is described. Serial whole blood samples were obtained from multi-trauma patients (N=39) and healthy individuals (N=10). Plasma ORP in multi-trauma patients increased during the first few days of hospitalization and approached normal ORP levels upon discharge. On the ORP maxima day (5.8 days+/-0.5 SEM), a statistically significant decrease (p<0.05) was observed for negative acute phase reactants such as plasma paraoxonase-arylesterase (PON-AE) activity and total plasma protein in comparison with admission plasma levels. Monitoring ORP could be a useful tool for assessing the degree of oxidative stress, inflammation, severity of injury, and Potential efficacy of treatment.
Izhar Ahmad - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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analysis of energy related carbon dioxide emission and Reduction Potential in pakistan
Journal of Cleaner Production, 2017Co-Authors: Izhar AhmadAbstract:Abstract Climate change is one of the most dangerous and complex issues human being has ever encountered. Pakistan is one of the highly vulnerable countries to the effects of climate change. CO2 emission from the combustions of fossil fuels is usually considered as the major factor of climate change. This study attempted to analyze the energy related CO2 emissions in Pakistan for a sample period of 1990–2014. The LMDI (Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index) method is applied to extended Kaya identity to decompose the change in emissions into pre-determined factors. According to our analysis, the increase in GDP per capita and populations are the major factors responsible for the increase in energy related CO2 emissions. Carbon intensity contributes to the Reduction of emissions. Energy intensity and fuel substitution has mixed and unstable effect on the Reduction of emission. The decomposed effects are also used in predicting future CO2 emission for the period 2015–2025. Based on the predicted results, the Reduction Potential of CO2 emissions in Pakistan is estimated, using special designed scenario analysis. The findings show that emissions will reach 251.5 Mt CO2 in 2025 as per BAU (Business as usual) scenario. The Reduction Potential for the year 2025 is estimated as 28.94 Mt CO2 and 55.02 Mt CO2 as per moderate and aggressive emission Reduction scenario, respectively. The findings show that carbon tax, energy price reforms, diversification of energy supply in favor of cleaner energy and energy conservation are critical to materialize the emission Reduction Potential.
