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Ziyaur Rahman - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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development of abuse deterrent formulations using sucrose acetate isobutyrate
Aaps Pharmscitech, 2020Co-Authors: Sogra Barakh F Ali, Sathish Dharani, Hamideh Afrooz, Eman M Mohamed, Phillip Michael Cook, Mansoor A Khan, Ziyaur RahmanAbstract:The objective of the present investigation was to understand the effect of sucrose acetate isobutyrate (SAIB) on abuse-deterrent properties (ADPs) of abuse-deterrent formulations (ADFs) based on Polyox™. SAIB would enhance ADPs of Polyox™-based formulations due to its glassy liquid and hydrophobic properties. Formulations were prepared by granulation followed by compression and heat curing at 90°C. The formulations were evaluated for surface morphology, hardness, manipulation in coffee grinder, particle size distribution, drug (pseudoephedrine hydrochloride) extraction in water, alcohol, 0.1 N HCl, 0.1 N NaOH at room temperature and elevated temperature using microwave and oven, syringeability and injectability, and dissolution. The heat curing of formulations significantly increased the hardness (> 490 N). Addition of SAIB imparted elasticity to formulations and decreased brittleness as indicated by lower values of work done and gradient compared to control formulations. After grinding, about 7.7–25.6% of the powder remained on the sieve (1 mm pore opening), D90 was 53.1–136.7 μm more, and Q (fraction < 500 μm) was 17.8–40.7% less in SAIB-based formulations compared to control formulations. Drug extraction between control and test intact formulations was similar. However, drug extraction was 23.9–42.5% (water), 20.6–26.1% (0.1 N HCl), and 37.4–50.6% (0.1 N NaOH) less in SAIB-based powder cured and uncured formulations compared to control formulations. Dissolution varied from 65.6 ± 4.2 to 97.6 ± 4.0% in 9 h from the formulations. In conclusion, addition of SAIB to Polyox™-based ADFs has synergistic effect on ADPs. This would further decrease potential of drug abuse/misuse by various routes.
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Development of Methamphetamine Abuse-Deterrent Formulations Using Sucrose Acetate Isobutyrate.
Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2020Co-Authors: Sathish Dharani, Hamideh Afrooz, Eman M Mohamed, Phillip Michael Cook, Mansoor A Khan, Sogra F. Barakh Ali, Ziyaur RahmanAbstract:Abstract The objective of the present research was to investigate application of sucrose acetate isobutyrate (SAIB) in the development of a meth-deterrent formulation in combination with polyethylene oxide (PolyoxTM) and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose. The formulations were prepared by granulating pseudoephedrine hydrochloride, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, and PolyoxTM with an ethanolic solution of SAIB and compressed into tablets followed by heat curing. The tablets were characterized for surface morphology, crystallinity, drug distribution, hardness, particle size, extraction, and dissolution. Hardness increased insignificantly, surface morphology indicated cracking and crevices, and diffractograms showed an increase and a decrease in drug and PolyoxTM crystallinity, respectively, after heat curing. Pseudoephedrine hydrochloride, PolyoxTM, and SAIB distribution was uniform as indicated by near infrared image. The drug extraction varied from 69.5% to 77.8%, 90.3% to 106.5%, 51.3% to 81.2%, and 48.9% to 72.6% in water, ethanol, 0.1 N HCl, and 0.1 N NaOH, respectively. The dissolution was more than 85% in 9 h from all the formulations. Thus, the addition of SAIB to the formulation decreased the drug extraction in various solvents which has the potential to decrease abuse of pseudoephedrine formulation for methamphetamine synthesis.
Vazhaikkurichi M Rajendran - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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role of short chain fatty acids in colonic hco3 secretion
American Journal of Physiology-gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology, 2005Co-Authors: Sadasivan Vidyasagar, Henry J Binder, Christian Barmeyer, John P Geibel, Vazhaikkurichi M RajendranAbstract:Luminal isobutyrate, a relatively poor metabolized short-chain fatty acid (SCFA), induces HCO3 secretion via a Cl-independent, DIDS-insensitive, carrier-mediated process as well as inhibiting both ...
Yuya Futagi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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identification of a selective inhibitor of human monocarboxylate transporter 4
Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 2018Co-Authors: Yuya Futagi, Masaki Kobayashi, Katsuya Narumi, Ayako Furugen, Ken IsekiAbstract:The human monocarboxylate transporters (hMCTs/SLC16As) mediate the uptake of various monocarboxylates. Several isoforms of hMCTs are expressed in cancerous tissue as well as in normal tissue. In cancerous tissue, hypoxia induces the expression of hMCT4, which transports the energetic metabolite l-lactate across the plasma membrane. Since hMCT4 is involved in pH regulation and the transport of l-lactate in cancer cells, an hMCT4 inhibitor could function as an anticancer agent. Although several non specific hMCT inhibitors have been developed, a selective hMCT4 inhibitor has not yet been identified. The aim of this study was therefore to identify a selective hMCT4 inhibitor for use as a pharmacological tool for studying hMCT4. The heterologous expression system of the Xenopus oocyte was used to assess the effects of test compounds on hMCT4, whereupon isobutyrate derivatives, fibrates, and bindarit (2-[(1-benzyl-1H-indazol-3-yl)methoxy]-2-methylpropanoic acid) were demonstrated to exhibit selective inhibitory effects against this transporter. It is suggested that the structure formed from the joining of an isobutyrate moiety and two aromatic rings by appropriate linkers is important for acquiring the selective hMCT4-inhibiting activity. These findings provide novel insights into the ligand recognition of hMCT4, and contribute to the development of novel anticancer agents.
Efsa Panel On Additives And Products Or Substances Used In Animal Feed - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Scientific Opinion on the safety and efficacy of straight-chain primary aliphatic alcohols/aldehydes/acids, acetals and esters with esters containing saturated alcohols and acetals containing saturated aldehydes (chemical group 1) when used as flavourings for all animal species
Wiley, 2013Co-Authors: Efsa Panel On Additives And Products Or Substances Used In Animal FeedAbstract:Chemical group 1 (CG 1) consists of straight-chain primary aliphatic alcohols/aldehydes/acids, acetals and esters with esters containing saturated alcohols and acetals containing saturated aldehydes of which 86 are currently authorised for use as flavours in food. The FEEDAP Panel was unable to perform an assessment of ethyl oleate because of its insufficient purity. The following compounds are considered to be safe for all animal species at the use level proposed for feed flavourings: formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, octanoic acid, decanoic acid, dodecanoic acid, tetradecanoic acid, hexadecanoic acid, oleic acid, decanol, dodecanol, decyl acetate and dodecyl acetate. The remaining substances are considered safe for all animal species at 5 mg/kg complete feed (with a margin of safety between 1 and 120) and at 25 mg/kg complete feed (ethyl acetate and hexyl acetate, with a margin of safety between 2 and 6); and at 1 mg/kg complete feed for pigs and poultry and 1.5 mg/kg complete feed for all other species (ethylacrylate, ethyl hex-3-enoate, ethyl trans-2-butenoate, ethyl isobutyrate, ethyl isovalerate, butyl isovalerate, methyl isovalerate, hexyl isobutyrate, methyl 2-methyl butyrate, pentyl isovalerate, butyl 2-methyl butyrate, hexyl isovalerate, ethyl 2-methyl butyrate, hexyl 2-methyl butyrate and methyl 2-methylvalerate). No safety concern would arise for the consumer from the use of compounds belonging to CG 1 up to the highest safe level in feedingstuffs for all animal species. The FEEDAP Panel considers it prudent to treat all compounds under assessment as irritants to skin, eyes and respiratory tract and as skin sensitizers. No risk for the safety for the environment is foreseen. Since all 85 compounds are used in food as flavourings, no further demonstration of efficacy is necessary
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Scientific Opinion on the safety and efficacy of branched-chain primary aliphatic alcohols/aldehydes/acids, acetals and esters with esters containing branched-chain alcohols and acetals containing branched-chain aldehydes (chemical group 2) when used as flavourings for all animal species
Wiley, 2012Co-Authors: Efsa Panel On Additives And Products Or Substances Used In Animal FeedAbstract:<p>Chemical group 2 consists of branched-chain primary aliphatic alcohols/aldehydes/acids, acetals and esters with esters containing branched-chain alcohols and acetals containing branched-chain aldehydes, of which 34 are currently authorised for use as flavours in food. The use of 2-methylpropionic acid, isopentyl acetate, 3-methylbutyl butyrate and 2-methylbutyl acetate is safe at the proposed use level of 25 mg/kg complete feed for cattle, salmonids and non food producing animals and at 5 mg/kg complete feed for pigs and poultry. 2-Methylpropan-1-ol, isopentanol, 2-ethylhexan-1-ol, 2-methylpropanal, 3-methylbutanal, 2-methylbutyraldehyde, 3-methylbutyric acid, 2-methylvaleric acid, 2-ethylbutyric acid, 2-methylbutyric acid, 2-methylheptanoic acid, 4-methyloctanoic acid, isobutyl acetate, isobutyl butyrate, 3-methylbutyl propionate, 3-methylbutyl formate, glyceryl tributyrate, isobutyl isobutyrate, isopentyl isobutyrate, isobutyl isovalerate, isopentyl 2-methylbutyrate, 2-methylbutyl isovalerate and 2-methylbutyl butyrate are safe at the proposed use level of 5 mg/kg complete feed for all animal species. 3,7-Dimethyloctan-1-ol, 2-methylundecanal, 4-methylnonanoic acid, 3-methylbutyl hexanoate, 3-methylbutyl dodecanoate, 3-methylbutyl octanoate and 3-methylbutyl 3-methylbutyrate are safe at a maximum of 1.5 mg/kg complete feed for cattle, salmonids and non food-producing animals and of 1.0 mg/kg complete feed for pigs and poultry. No safety concern was identified for the consumer from the use of these compounds up to the highest safe level in feedingstuffs for all animal species. All compounds should be considered as irritants to skin, eyes and respiratory tract, and as skin sensitisers. The compounds do not pose a risk to the environment when used at concentrations considered safe for the target species. Since all compounds are used in food as flavourings, no further demonstration of efficacy is necessary.</p>
Irini Angelidaki - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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volatile fatty acids as indicators of process imbalance in anaerobic digestors
Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 1995Co-Authors: Birgitte Kiaer Ahring, M. Sandberg, Irini AngelidakiAbstract:In continuously stirred tank reactor experiments, with manure as substrate at thermophilic temperatures, the use of volatile fatty acids (VFA) as process indicators was investigated. Changes in VFA level were shown to be a good parameter for indicating process instability. The VFA were evaluated according to their relative changes caused by changes in hydraulic loading, organic loading or temperature. Butyrate and isobutyrate together were found to be particularly good indicators. Butyrate and isobutyrate concentrations increased significantly 1 or 2 days after the imposed perturbation, which makes these acids suitable for process monitoring and important for process control of the anaerobic biological system. In addition it was shown in a batch experiment that VFA at concentrations up to 50 mM did not reduce the overall methane production rate. This showed that VFA accumulation in anaerobic reactors was the result of process imbalance, not the cause of inhibition, thus justifying the use of VFA as process indicators.
