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Francisco J Alarcon - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Tetraselmis suecia and TIsochrysis lutea meal as dietary ingredients for gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata L.) fry
Journal of Applied Phycology, 2016Co-Authors: A.j. Vizcaíno, M. I. Saéz, M. Arizcun, M. C. Cerón-garcía, Elena Abellán, T F Martinez, G. Lopez, Francisco J AlarconAbstract:In the present study, the nutritional value of Tetraselmis suecica and TIsochrysis lutea (previously known as Isochrysis aff galbana T-ISO strain) freeze-dried biomass for feeding Sparus aurata fry was evaluated. A total of 25,500 fry (3.7 mg body weight) were fed for 55 days on diets containing 5 and 10 % (w/w) Tetraselmis or TIsochrysis, as well as on a microalgae-free diet. Fish fed 5 % Tetraselmis showed higher growth performance, nutrient utilization, and survival values than fish fed TIsochrysis. The use of microalgae significantly decreased the body lipid content in fry fed the highest microalgae level. Fry fed TIsochrysis-supplemented diets increased the DHA content in muscle, and consequently the EPA/DHA ratio decreased significantly, whatever dietary level considered. In general, digestive protease activities were not adversely affected by dietary microalgae inclusion, although slight variations were observed during fish development. Microalgae utilization causes a positive effect on intestinal mucosa ultrastructure owing to an increase of total enterocyte absorption surface that was observed in fish fed microalgae-supplemented diets. Cluster analysis of data separated clearly fish fed TIsochrysis-supplemented diets from the rest of experimental groups. This study confirms that Tetraselmis freeze-dried biomass can be used as dietary ingredient in started feeds for S. aurata fry, although an inclusion level of 5 % is recommended.
Susan M Renaud - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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effect of temperature on growth chemical composition and fatty acid composition of tropical australian microalgae grown in batch cultures
Aquaculture, 2002Co-Authors: Susan M Renaud, Luongvan Thinh, George Lambrinidis, David L. ParryAbstract:The growth and nutritional content of four tropical Australian microalgal species, diatom Chaetoceros sp. (CS256), two cryptomonads, Rhodomonas sp. (NT15) and Cryptomonas sp. (CRFI01) and unidentified prymnesiophyte (NT19), cultured at five different temperatures, were studied. Commercially available Isochrysis sp. (clone T.ISO) was included in the study for comparison. Microalgae were grown in laboratory 1.5-l batch cultures in F/2 medium at 25, 27, 30, 33 and 35 °C (salinity 25‰; pH 8.3; photon flux density 80 μmol photon m−2 s−1; 12:12 h light:dark cycle). Microalgal cells were harvested in late logarithmic growth phase and analysed for protein, carbohydrate, lipid, chlorophyll a, inorganic matter (ash) and fatty acid composition. The optimum temperature for growth was 25–27 °C for Rhodomonas sp. (specific growth rate, μ=0.27 day−1), and 27–30 °C for prymnesiophyte NT19, Cryptomonas sp., Chaetoceros sp. and Isochrysis sp. (μ=0.56, 0.33, 0.87 and 0.97 day−1, respectively). Only Chaetoceros sp. grew well at 33 and 35 °C (μ>0.78 day−1). All tropical Australian species had significantly lower percentages of protein when cells were grown at temperatures above 27 °C, but there was no consistent trend in the percentages of carbohydrate. Chaetoceros sp. had highest percentage of lipid (16.8% dry weight; P<0.01), when cells were cultured at 25 °C, while Rhodomonas sp., Cryptomonas sp., NT19 and Isochrysis sp., had significantly higher amounts of lipid at temperatures within the range 27–30 °C (15.5, 12.7, 21.4, and 21.7% dw, respectively; P<0.05 in each case). Considering all species together, there was no overall relationship between percentage of protein, carbohydrate or lipid and temperature, but there was an overall, linear relationship between percentage of ash (inorganic matter) and temperature (r2=0.42, P≤0.05). Highest calculated energy values were found in Chaetoceros sp. (21.9 kJ g−1) and Tahitian Isochrysis sp. (22.5 kJ g−1) cultured at 27–30 °C. There was no significant change in chlorophyll a (range 1.2–1.68 pg cell−1) for any species over the temperature range studied. The highly unsaturated fatty acid (HUFA), eicosapentaenoic acid, 20:5n−3, was present in all species, with highest amounts in prymnesiophyte NT19 (19.9% total fatty acids). Percentages of 20:5n−3 were slightly lower at highest growth temperatures for all species. The control, Isochrysis sp., had the highest amount of docosahexaenoic acid, 22:6n−3 (6.6% total fatty acids). All species had lower percentages of 22:6n−3 at higher growth temperatures. Chaetoceros sp. and NT19 had moderate amounts of arachidonic acid, 20:4n−6 in the fatty acid profile (2.7–5.4% total fatty acids). Highest percentages were associated with growth temperatures within the range 27–30 °C. Only Chaetoceros sp. grew well at 35 °C, maintaining moderate percentages of protein, carbohydrate, lipid, PUFA and HUFA (9.6% total fatty acids), at that temperature. All tropical Australian species performed better than Isochrysis sp., in terms of percentage of HUFA, over the range of growth temperatures.
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effect of temperature on the growth total lipid content and fatty acid composition of recently isolated tropical microalgae Isochrysis sp nitzschia closterium nitzschia paleacea and commercial species Isochrysis sp clone t iso
Journal of Applied Phycology, 1995Co-Authors: Susan M Renaud, David L. Parry, H C Zhou, Luongvan Thinh, K C WooAbstract:The effect of temperature from 10 °C to 35 °C on the growth, total lipid content, and fatty acid composition of three species of tropical marine microalgae, Isochrysis sp., Nitzschia closterium, N. paleacea (formerly frustulum), and the Tahitian Isochrysis sp. (T.ISO), was investigated. Cultures of N. closterium, Isochrysis sp. and T.ISO grew very slowly at 35 °C, while N. closterium did not grow at temperatures higher than 30 °C or lower than 20 °C. N. paleacea was low-temperature tolerant, with cells growing slowly at 10 °C. N. paleacea produced the highest percentage of lipids at 10 °C, while the other species produced maximum amounts of lipid at 20 °C. None of the species maintained high levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) at high growth temperature and there was a significant inverse relationship between the percentage of PUFAs and temperature for N. paleacea. A curved relationship was found between temperature and percentage of PUFA for N. closterium and tropical Isochrysis sp., with the maximum production of PUFA at 25 °C and 20 °C, respectively. The two Nitzschia species produced higher levels of the essential fatty acid eicosapentaenoic acid [20:5(n-3)] at lower growth temperatures, but the two Isochrysis species had little change in percentage of 20:5(n-3) with temperature. Only T.ISO had the highest percentage of 22:6(n-3) at lowest growth temperature (11.4% total fatty acids at 10 °C).
David L. Parry - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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effect of temperature on growth chemical composition and fatty acid composition of tropical australian microalgae grown in batch cultures
Aquaculture, 2002Co-Authors: Susan M Renaud, Luongvan Thinh, George Lambrinidis, David L. ParryAbstract:The growth and nutritional content of four tropical Australian microalgal species, diatom Chaetoceros sp. (CS256), two cryptomonads, Rhodomonas sp. (NT15) and Cryptomonas sp. (CRFI01) and unidentified prymnesiophyte (NT19), cultured at five different temperatures, were studied. Commercially available Isochrysis sp. (clone T.ISO) was included in the study for comparison. Microalgae were grown in laboratory 1.5-l batch cultures in F/2 medium at 25, 27, 30, 33 and 35 °C (salinity 25‰; pH 8.3; photon flux density 80 μmol photon m−2 s−1; 12:12 h light:dark cycle). Microalgal cells were harvested in late logarithmic growth phase and analysed for protein, carbohydrate, lipid, chlorophyll a, inorganic matter (ash) and fatty acid composition. The optimum temperature for growth was 25–27 °C for Rhodomonas sp. (specific growth rate, μ=0.27 day−1), and 27–30 °C for prymnesiophyte NT19, Cryptomonas sp., Chaetoceros sp. and Isochrysis sp. (μ=0.56, 0.33, 0.87 and 0.97 day−1, respectively). Only Chaetoceros sp. grew well at 33 and 35 °C (μ>0.78 day−1). All tropical Australian species had significantly lower percentages of protein when cells were grown at temperatures above 27 °C, but there was no consistent trend in the percentages of carbohydrate. Chaetoceros sp. had highest percentage of lipid (16.8% dry weight; P<0.01), when cells were cultured at 25 °C, while Rhodomonas sp., Cryptomonas sp., NT19 and Isochrysis sp., had significantly higher amounts of lipid at temperatures within the range 27–30 °C (15.5, 12.7, 21.4, and 21.7% dw, respectively; P<0.05 in each case). Considering all species together, there was no overall relationship between percentage of protein, carbohydrate or lipid and temperature, but there was an overall, linear relationship between percentage of ash (inorganic matter) and temperature (r2=0.42, P≤0.05). Highest calculated energy values were found in Chaetoceros sp. (21.9 kJ g−1) and Tahitian Isochrysis sp. (22.5 kJ g−1) cultured at 27–30 °C. There was no significant change in chlorophyll a (range 1.2–1.68 pg cell−1) for any species over the temperature range studied. The highly unsaturated fatty acid (HUFA), eicosapentaenoic acid, 20:5n−3, was present in all species, with highest amounts in prymnesiophyte NT19 (19.9% total fatty acids). Percentages of 20:5n−3 were slightly lower at highest growth temperatures for all species. The control, Isochrysis sp., had the highest amount of docosahexaenoic acid, 22:6n−3 (6.6% total fatty acids). All species had lower percentages of 22:6n−3 at higher growth temperatures. Chaetoceros sp. and NT19 had moderate amounts of arachidonic acid, 20:4n−6 in the fatty acid profile (2.7–5.4% total fatty acids). Highest percentages were associated with growth temperatures within the range 27–30 °C. Only Chaetoceros sp. grew well at 35 °C, maintaining moderate percentages of protein, carbohydrate, lipid, PUFA and HUFA (9.6% total fatty acids), at that temperature. All tropical Australian species performed better than Isochrysis sp., in terms of percentage of HUFA, over the range of growth temperatures.
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effect of temperature on the growth total lipid content and fatty acid composition of recently isolated tropical microalgae Isochrysis sp nitzschia closterium nitzschia paleacea and commercial species Isochrysis sp clone t iso
Journal of Applied Phycology, 1995Co-Authors: Susan M Renaud, David L. Parry, H C Zhou, Luongvan Thinh, K C WooAbstract:The effect of temperature from 10 °C to 35 °C on the growth, total lipid content, and fatty acid composition of three species of tropical marine microalgae, Isochrysis sp., Nitzschia closterium, N. paleacea (formerly frustulum), and the Tahitian Isochrysis sp. (T.ISO), was investigated. Cultures of N. closterium, Isochrysis sp. and T.ISO grew very slowly at 35 °C, while N. closterium did not grow at temperatures higher than 30 °C or lower than 20 °C. N. paleacea was low-temperature tolerant, with cells growing slowly at 10 °C. N. paleacea produced the highest percentage of lipids at 10 °C, while the other species produced maximum amounts of lipid at 20 °C. None of the species maintained high levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) at high growth temperature and there was a significant inverse relationship between the percentage of PUFAs and temperature for N. paleacea. A curved relationship was found between temperature and percentage of PUFA for N. closterium and tropical Isochrysis sp., with the maximum production of PUFA at 25 °C and 20 °C, respectively. The two Nitzschia species produced higher levels of the essential fatty acid eicosapentaenoic acid [20:5(n-3)] at lower growth temperatures, but the two Isochrysis species had little change in percentage of 20:5(n-3) with temperature. Only T.ISO had the highest percentage of 22:6(n-3) at lowest growth temperature (11.4% total fatty acids at 10 °C).
Luongvan Thinh - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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effect of temperature on growth chemical composition and fatty acid composition of tropical australian microalgae grown in batch cultures
Aquaculture, 2002Co-Authors: Susan M Renaud, Luongvan Thinh, George Lambrinidis, David L. ParryAbstract:The growth and nutritional content of four tropical Australian microalgal species, diatom Chaetoceros sp. (CS256), two cryptomonads, Rhodomonas sp. (NT15) and Cryptomonas sp. (CRFI01) and unidentified prymnesiophyte (NT19), cultured at five different temperatures, were studied. Commercially available Isochrysis sp. (clone T.ISO) was included in the study for comparison. Microalgae were grown in laboratory 1.5-l batch cultures in F/2 medium at 25, 27, 30, 33 and 35 °C (salinity 25‰; pH 8.3; photon flux density 80 μmol photon m−2 s−1; 12:12 h light:dark cycle). Microalgal cells were harvested in late logarithmic growth phase and analysed for protein, carbohydrate, lipid, chlorophyll a, inorganic matter (ash) and fatty acid composition. The optimum temperature for growth was 25–27 °C for Rhodomonas sp. (specific growth rate, μ=0.27 day−1), and 27–30 °C for prymnesiophyte NT19, Cryptomonas sp., Chaetoceros sp. and Isochrysis sp. (μ=0.56, 0.33, 0.87 and 0.97 day−1, respectively). Only Chaetoceros sp. grew well at 33 and 35 °C (μ>0.78 day−1). All tropical Australian species had significantly lower percentages of protein when cells were grown at temperatures above 27 °C, but there was no consistent trend in the percentages of carbohydrate. Chaetoceros sp. had highest percentage of lipid (16.8% dry weight; P<0.01), when cells were cultured at 25 °C, while Rhodomonas sp., Cryptomonas sp., NT19 and Isochrysis sp., had significantly higher amounts of lipid at temperatures within the range 27–30 °C (15.5, 12.7, 21.4, and 21.7% dw, respectively; P<0.05 in each case). Considering all species together, there was no overall relationship between percentage of protein, carbohydrate or lipid and temperature, but there was an overall, linear relationship between percentage of ash (inorganic matter) and temperature (r2=0.42, P≤0.05). Highest calculated energy values were found in Chaetoceros sp. (21.9 kJ g−1) and Tahitian Isochrysis sp. (22.5 kJ g−1) cultured at 27–30 °C. There was no significant change in chlorophyll a (range 1.2–1.68 pg cell−1) for any species over the temperature range studied. The highly unsaturated fatty acid (HUFA), eicosapentaenoic acid, 20:5n−3, was present in all species, with highest amounts in prymnesiophyte NT19 (19.9% total fatty acids). Percentages of 20:5n−3 were slightly lower at highest growth temperatures for all species. The control, Isochrysis sp., had the highest amount of docosahexaenoic acid, 22:6n−3 (6.6% total fatty acids). All species had lower percentages of 22:6n−3 at higher growth temperatures. Chaetoceros sp. and NT19 had moderate amounts of arachidonic acid, 20:4n−6 in the fatty acid profile (2.7–5.4% total fatty acids). Highest percentages were associated with growth temperatures within the range 27–30 °C. Only Chaetoceros sp. grew well at 35 °C, maintaining moderate percentages of protein, carbohydrate, lipid, PUFA and HUFA (9.6% total fatty acids), at that temperature. All tropical Australian species performed better than Isochrysis sp., in terms of percentage of HUFA, over the range of growth temperatures.
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effect of temperature on the growth total lipid content and fatty acid composition of recently isolated tropical microalgae Isochrysis sp nitzschia closterium nitzschia paleacea and commercial species Isochrysis sp clone t iso
Journal of Applied Phycology, 1995Co-Authors: Susan M Renaud, David L. Parry, H C Zhou, Luongvan Thinh, K C WooAbstract:The effect of temperature from 10 °C to 35 °C on the growth, total lipid content, and fatty acid composition of three species of tropical marine microalgae, Isochrysis sp., Nitzschia closterium, N. paleacea (formerly frustulum), and the Tahitian Isochrysis sp. (T.ISO), was investigated. Cultures of N. closterium, Isochrysis sp. and T.ISO grew very slowly at 35 °C, while N. closterium did not grow at temperatures higher than 30 °C or lower than 20 °C. N. paleacea was low-temperature tolerant, with cells growing slowly at 10 °C. N. paleacea produced the highest percentage of lipids at 10 °C, while the other species produced maximum amounts of lipid at 20 °C. None of the species maintained high levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) at high growth temperature and there was a significant inverse relationship between the percentage of PUFAs and temperature for N. paleacea. A curved relationship was found between temperature and percentage of PUFA for N. closterium and tropical Isochrysis sp., with the maximum production of PUFA at 25 °C and 20 °C, respectively. The two Nitzschia species produced higher levels of the essential fatty acid eicosapentaenoic acid [20:5(n-3)] at lower growth temperatures, but the two Isochrysis species had little change in percentage of 20:5(n-3) with temperature. Only T.ISO had the highest percentage of 22:6(n-3) at lowest growth temperature (11.4% total fatty acids at 10 °C).
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Effect of light intensity on the proximate biochemical and fatty acid composition of Isochrysis sp. and Nannochloropsis oculata for use in tropical aquaculture
Journal of Applied Phycology, 1991Co-Authors: S. M. Renaud, Luongvan Thinh, D. L. Parry, C. Kuo, A. Padovan, N. SammyAbstract:The total protein, carbohydrate, lipid and ash compositions, and fatty acid contents of two species of marine microalgae, the eustigmatophyte Nannochloropsis oculata (formerly ‘ Chlorella sp., Japan’) and the chrysophyte Isochrysis sp. (Tahitian) used in tropical Australian mariculture, were studied. The microalgae were grown under a range of culture conditions (41 and 601 laboratory culture, 3001 bag culture, and 80001 outdoor culture) and four light regimes (100 to 107 µ E m^−2 s^−1, 240 to 390 µ E m^−2 s^−1, 340 to 620 µ E m^−2 s^−1, and 1100 to 1200 µE m^−2 s^−1 respectively) to determine the effect of light intensity on the chemical composition of large scale outdoor cultures. Laboratory and bag cultures were axenic and cultured in Walne medium while outdoor cultures were grown in a commercial medium designed for optimum nutrition in tropical outdoor aquaculture operations. Change in growth medium and photon flux density produced only small changes in the proximate biochemical composition of both algae. N. oculata and Isochrysis sp. both showed a trend towards slightly lower carbohydrate and higher chlorophyll a in shaded outdoor culture. Isochrysis sp. showed significant concentrations of the essential polyunsaturated fatty acid 22:6(n−3) (docosahexaenoic acid) from 5.3 to 10.3% of total fatty acid, and 20:5(n−3) (eicosapentaenoic acid) ranged from 0.6 to 4.1%. In contrast, N. oculata had high concentrations of 20:5(n−3) (17.8 to 39.9%) and only traces of 22:6(n−3). The fatty acid composition of Isochrysis sp. grown at high photon flux density (1100–1200 µE m^−2 s^−1) under outdoor culture showed a decrease in the percentage of several highly unsaturated fatty acids, including 20:5(n−3), and an increase in 22:6(n−3). N. oculata showed a similar decrease in the percentage of 20:5(n−3). High light intensity caused a decrease in the ratio of total C_16 unsaturated fatty acids to saturated 16:0 in N. oculata , and a decrease in the ratio of total C_18 unsaturated fatty acids to saturated 18:0 together with a decrease in the ratio of total unsaturated fatty acids to total saturated fatty acids in both microalgae.
A.j. Vizcaíno - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Tetraselmis suecia and TIsochrysis lutea meal as dietary ingredients for gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata L.) fry
Journal of Applied Phycology, 2016Co-Authors: A.j. Vizcaíno, M. I. Saéz, M. Arizcun, M. C. Cerón-garcía, Elena Abellán, T F Martinez, G. Lopez, Francisco J AlarconAbstract:In the present study, the nutritional value of Tetraselmis suecica and TIsochrysis lutea (previously known as Isochrysis aff galbana T-ISO strain) freeze-dried biomass for feeding Sparus aurata fry was evaluated. A total of 25,500 fry (3.7 mg body weight) were fed for 55 days on diets containing 5 and 10 % (w/w) Tetraselmis or TIsochrysis, as well as on a microalgae-free diet. Fish fed 5 % Tetraselmis showed higher growth performance, nutrient utilization, and survival values than fish fed TIsochrysis. The use of microalgae significantly decreased the body lipid content in fry fed the highest microalgae level. Fry fed TIsochrysis-supplemented diets increased the DHA content in muscle, and consequently the EPA/DHA ratio decreased significantly, whatever dietary level considered. In general, digestive protease activities were not adversely affected by dietary microalgae inclusion, although slight variations were observed during fish development. Microalgae utilization causes a positive effect on intestinal mucosa ultrastructure owing to an increase of total enterocyte absorption surface that was observed in fish fed microalgae-supplemented diets. Cluster analysis of data separated clearly fish fed TIsochrysis-supplemented diets from the rest of experimental groups. This study confirms that Tetraselmis freeze-dried biomass can be used as dietary ingredient in started feeds for S. aurata fry, although an inclusion level of 5 % is recommended.
