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Masayoshi Watanabe - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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pulsed gradient spin echo 1h and 19f nmr ionic diffusion coefficient viscosity and ionic conductivity of non chloroaluminate room temperature ionic liquids
Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 2001Co-Authors: Akihiro Noda, And Kikuko Hayamizu, Masayoshi WatanabeAbstract:Room-temperature ionic liquids, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate (EMIBF4), 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (EMITFSI), 1-butylpyridinium tetrafluoroborate (BPBF4), and 1-butylpyridinium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (BPTFSI), were prepared and characterized. The thermal property, density, self-diffusion coefficient of the anions and cations, viscosity, and ionic conductivity were measured for these ionic liquids in wide temperature ranges. A pulsed-gradient spin−echo NMR method was used to independently measure self-diffusion coefficients of the anions (19F NMR) and the cations (1H NMR). The results indicate that the cations diffuse almost equally to the anion in EMIBF4 and BPBF4, whereas they diffuse faster than the anion in EMITFSI and BPTFSI. The summation of the cationic and anionic diffusion coefficients for each ionic liquid follows the order EMITFSI > EMIBF4 > BPTFSI > BPBF4, under an Isothermal Condition. The order of the magnitude of the diffusion coe...
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pulsed gradient spin echo 1h and 19f nmr ionic diffusion coefficient viscosity and ionic conductivity of non chloroaluminate room temperature ionic liquids
Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 2001Co-Authors: Akihiro Noda, And Kikuko Hayamizu, Masayoshi WatanabeAbstract:Room-temperature ionic liquids, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate (EMIBF4), 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (EMITFSI), 1-butylpyridinium tetrafluoroborate (BPBF4), and 1-butylpyridinium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (BPTFSI), were prepared and characterized. The thermal property, density, self-diffusion coefficient of the anions and cations, viscosity, and ionic conductivity were measured for these ionic liquids in wide temperature ranges. A pulsed-gradient spin−echo NMR method was used to independently measure self-diffusion coefficients of the anions (19F NMR) and the cations (1H NMR). The results indicate that the cations diffuse almost equally to the anion in EMIBF4 and BPBF4, whereas they diffuse faster than the anion in EMITFSI and BPTFSI. The summation of the cationic and anionic diffusion coefficients for each ionic liquid follows the order EMITFSI > EMIBF4 > BPTFSI > BPBF4, under an Isothermal Condition. The order of the magnitude of the diffusion coe...
Akihiro Noda - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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pulsed gradient spin echo 1h and 19f nmr ionic diffusion coefficient viscosity and ionic conductivity of non chloroaluminate room temperature ionic liquids
Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 2001Co-Authors: Akihiro Noda, And Kikuko Hayamizu, Masayoshi WatanabeAbstract:Room-temperature ionic liquids, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate (EMIBF4), 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (EMITFSI), 1-butylpyridinium tetrafluoroborate (BPBF4), and 1-butylpyridinium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (BPTFSI), were prepared and characterized. The thermal property, density, self-diffusion coefficient of the anions and cations, viscosity, and ionic conductivity were measured for these ionic liquids in wide temperature ranges. A pulsed-gradient spin−echo NMR method was used to independently measure self-diffusion coefficients of the anions (19F NMR) and the cations (1H NMR). The results indicate that the cations diffuse almost equally to the anion in EMIBF4 and BPBF4, whereas they diffuse faster than the anion in EMITFSI and BPTFSI. The summation of the cationic and anionic diffusion coefficients for each ionic liquid follows the order EMITFSI > EMIBF4 > BPTFSI > BPBF4, under an Isothermal Condition. The order of the magnitude of the diffusion coe...
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pulsed gradient spin echo 1h and 19f nmr ionic diffusion coefficient viscosity and ionic conductivity of non chloroaluminate room temperature ionic liquids
Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 2001Co-Authors: Akihiro Noda, And Kikuko Hayamizu, Masayoshi WatanabeAbstract:Room-temperature ionic liquids, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate (EMIBF4), 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (EMITFSI), 1-butylpyridinium tetrafluoroborate (BPBF4), and 1-butylpyridinium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (BPTFSI), were prepared and characterized. The thermal property, density, self-diffusion coefficient of the anions and cations, viscosity, and ionic conductivity were measured for these ionic liquids in wide temperature ranges. A pulsed-gradient spin−echo NMR method was used to independently measure self-diffusion coefficients of the anions (19F NMR) and the cations (1H NMR). The results indicate that the cations diffuse almost equally to the anion in EMIBF4 and BPBF4, whereas they diffuse faster than the anion in EMITFSI and BPTFSI. The summation of the cationic and anionic diffusion coefficients for each ionic liquid follows the order EMITFSI > EMIBF4 > BPTFSI > BPBF4, under an Isothermal Condition. The order of the magnitude of the diffusion coe...
And Kikuko Hayamizu - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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pulsed gradient spin echo 1h and 19f nmr ionic diffusion coefficient viscosity and ionic conductivity of non chloroaluminate room temperature ionic liquids
Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 2001Co-Authors: Akihiro Noda, And Kikuko Hayamizu, Masayoshi WatanabeAbstract:Room-temperature ionic liquids, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate (EMIBF4), 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (EMITFSI), 1-butylpyridinium tetrafluoroborate (BPBF4), and 1-butylpyridinium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (BPTFSI), were prepared and characterized. The thermal property, density, self-diffusion coefficient of the anions and cations, viscosity, and ionic conductivity were measured for these ionic liquids in wide temperature ranges. A pulsed-gradient spin−echo NMR method was used to independently measure self-diffusion coefficients of the anions (19F NMR) and the cations (1H NMR). The results indicate that the cations diffuse almost equally to the anion in EMIBF4 and BPBF4, whereas they diffuse faster than the anion in EMITFSI and BPTFSI. The summation of the cationic and anionic diffusion coefficients for each ionic liquid follows the order EMITFSI > EMIBF4 > BPTFSI > BPBF4, under an Isothermal Condition. The order of the magnitude of the diffusion coe...
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pulsed gradient spin echo 1h and 19f nmr ionic diffusion coefficient viscosity and ionic conductivity of non chloroaluminate room temperature ionic liquids
Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 2001Co-Authors: Akihiro Noda, And Kikuko Hayamizu, Masayoshi WatanabeAbstract:Room-temperature ionic liquids, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate (EMIBF4), 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (EMITFSI), 1-butylpyridinium tetrafluoroborate (BPBF4), and 1-butylpyridinium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (BPTFSI), were prepared and characterized. The thermal property, density, self-diffusion coefficient of the anions and cations, viscosity, and ionic conductivity were measured for these ionic liquids in wide temperature ranges. A pulsed-gradient spin−echo NMR method was used to independently measure self-diffusion coefficients of the anions (19F NMR) and the cations (1H NMR). The results indicate that the cations diffuse almost equally to the anion in EMIBF4 and BPBF4, whereas they diffuse faster than the anion in EMITFSI and BPTFSI. The summation of the cationic and anionic diffusion coefficients for each ionic liquid follows the order EMITFSI > EMIBF4 > BPTFSI > BPBF4, under an Isothermal Condition. The order of the magnitude of the diffusion coe...
Faming Wang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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effect of sweating set rate on clothing real evaporative resistance determined on a sweating thermal manikin in a so called Isothermal Condition t manikin t a t r
International Journal of Biometeorology, 2016Co-Authors: Yehu Lu, Faming Wang, Hui Peng, Guowen SongAbstract:The ASTM F2370 (2010) is the only standard with regard to measurement of clothing real evaporative resistance by means of a sweating manikin. However, the sweating set-point is not recommended in the standard. In this study, the effect of sweating rate on clothing real evaporative resistance was investigated on a 34-zone “Newton” sweating thermal manikin in a so-called Isothermal Condition (Tmanikin = Ta = Tr). Four different sweating set rates (i.e., all segments had a sweating rate of 400, 800, 1200 ml/hr∙m2, respectively, and different sweating rates were assigned to different segments) were applied to determine the clothing real evaporative resistance of five clothing ensembles and the boundary air layer. The results indicated that the sweating rate did not affect the real evaporative resistance of clothing ensembles with the absence of strong moisture absorbent layers. For the clothing ensemble with tight cotton underwear, a sweating rate of lower than 400 ml/hr∙m2 is not recommended. This is mainly because the wet fabric “skin” might not be fully saturated and thus led to a lower evaporative heat loss and thereby a higher real evaporative resistance. For vapor permeable clothing, the real evaporative resistance determined in the so-called Isothermal Condition should be corrected before being used in thermal comfort or heat strain models. However, the reduction of wet thermal insulation due to moisture absorption in different test scenarios had a limited contribution to the effect of sweating rate on the real evaporative resistance.
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determination of clothing evaporative resistance on a sweating thermal manikin in an Isothermal Condition heat loss method or mass loss method
Annals of Occupational Hygiene, 2011Co-Authors: Faming Wang, Kalev Kuklane, Ingvar HolmérAbstract:This paper addresses selection between two calculation options, i.e heat loss option and mass loss option, for thermal manikin measurements on clothing evaporative resistance conducted in an Isothermal Condition (Tmanikin = Ta = Tr). Five vocational clothing ensembles with a thermal insulation range of 1.05–2.58 clo were selected and measured on a sweating thermal manikin ‘Tore’. The reasons why the Isothermal heat loss method generates a higher evaporative resistance than that of the mass loss method were thoroughly investigated. In addition, an indirect approach was applied to determine the amount of evaporative heat energy taken from the environment. It was found that clothing evaporative resistance values by the heat loss option were 11.2–37.1% greater than those based on the mass loss option. The percentage of evaporative heat loss taken from the environment (He,env) for all test scenarios ranged from 10.9 to 23.8%. The real evaporative cooling efficiency ranged from 0.762 to 0.891, respectively. Furthermore, it is evident that the evaporative heat loss difference introduced by those two options was equal to the heat energy taken from the environment. In order to eliminate the combined effects of dry heat transfer, condensation, and heat pipe on clothing evaporative resistance, it is suggested that manikin measurements on the determination of clothing evaporative resistance should be performed in an Isothermal Condition. Moreover, the mass loss method should be applied to calculate clothing evaporative resistance. The Isothermal heat loss method would appear to overestimate heat stress and thus should be corrected before use. (Less)
Ingvar Holmér - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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determination of clothing evaporative resistance on a sweating thermal manikin in an Isothermal Condition heat loss method or mass loss method
Annals of Occupational Hygiene, 2011Co-Authors: Faming Wang, Kalev Kuklane, Ingvar HolmérAbstract:This paper addresses selection between two calculation options, i.e heat loss option and mass loss option, for thermal manikin measurements on clothing evaporative resistance conducted in an Isothermal Condition (Tmanikin = Ta = Tr). Five vocational clothing ensembles with a thermal insulation range of 1.05–2.58 clo were selected and measured on a sweating thermal manikin ‘Tore’. The reasons why the Isothermal heat loss method generates a higher evaporative resistance than that of the mass loss method were thoroughly investigated. In addition, an indirect approach was applied to determine the amount of evaporative heat energy taken from the environment. It was found that clothing evaporative resistance values by the heat loss option were 11.2–37.1% greater than those based on the mass loss option. The percentage of evaporative heat loss taken from the environment (He,env) for all test scenarios ranged from 10.9 to 23.8%. The real evaporative cooling efficiency ranged from 0.762 to 0.891, respectively. Furthermore, it is evident that the evaporative heat loss difference introduced by those two options was equal to the heat energy taken from the environment. In order to eliminate the combined effects of dry heat transfer, condensation, and heat pipe on clothing evaporative resistance, it is suggested that manikin measurements on the determination of clothing evaporative resistance should be performed in an Isothermal Condition. Moreover, the mass loss method should be applied to calculate clothing evaporative resistance. The Isothermal heat loss method would appear to overestimate heat stress and thus should be corrected before use. (Less)