The Experts below are selected from a list of 327 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Donald R Paul - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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polypropylene elastomer tpo nanocomposites 2 room temperature Izod Impact strength and tensile properties
Polymer, 2011Co-Authors: Rajkiran R Tiwari, Donald R PaulAbstract:Abstract Room temperature Izod Impact strength was determined for polypropylene (PP)/ethylene-co-octene elastomer (EOR) blends and nanocomposites, containing organoclays based on montmorillonite (MMT), at fixed elastomer content of 30 wt% and 0–7 wt% MMT. A ratio of maleated polypropylene, PP-g-MA to organoclay of unity was used as a compatibilizer in the nanocomposites. The organoclay serves to reduce the size of the EOR dispersed phase particles and facilitates toughening. The Izod Impact strength is also influenced by the molecular weight of PP, elastomer octene content, elastomer MFI in addition to MMT content. Nanocomposites based on a low molecular weight polypropylene (L-PP) containing a higher octene content elastomer showed higher Impact strength at lower MMT contents compared to those based on a low octene content elastomer. The effect of elastomer octene content on Impact strength of high molecular weight polypropylene (H-PP) nanocomposites is not so significant. Elastomers having a melt flow index (MFI) in the range of 0.5–1.0 showed significant improvement in the Impact strength of L-PP based nanocomposites. Most H-PP/EOR blends gave ‘super-tough’ materials without MMT and maintain this toughness in the presence of MMT. The critical elastomer particle size below which the toughness is observed is reduced by decreasing the octene content of the elastomer. For the similar elastomer particle sizes in nanocomposites, the Impact strength varies as H-PP > M-PP > L-PP. The tensile modulus and yield strength improved with increasing MMT content; however, elongation at break was reduced. The extruder-made TPO showed a good-balance of properties in the presence of MMT compared to reactor-made TPO having similar modulus and elastomer content.
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rubber toughening of an amorphous polyamide by functionalized sebs copolymers morphology and Izod Impact behavior
Polymer, 2004Co-Authors: Jijun Huang, H Keskkula, Donald R PaulAbstract:Abstract Rubber toughening of an amorphous polyamide (Zytel 330) using combinations of triblock copolymers of the type SEBS and a maleic anhydride functionalized version, SEBS-g-MA, was investigated and the results compared with those of nylon 6 and nylon 66. The effects of rubber content and the type of extruder on the morphology, Izod Impact behavior and the ductile–brittle transition temperature were explored. The shape and sizes of the rubber particles in blends with this amorphous polyamide were found to be more similar to those in nylon 6 than in nylon 66 blends. The twin screw extruder produced smaller particles with a more narrow distribution of sizes than the single screw extruder. Higher rubber contents generally yielded tougher blends; there is a critical rubber particle size above which the ternary blends are brittle at 20 wt% total rubber. The ductile-to-brittle temperature was found to decrease with increased rubber content and decreased rubber particle size. In general, the trends for this amorphous polyamide are rather similar to those reported earlier for semi-crystalline nylon 6 and nylon 66.
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effect of glass fiber and maleated ethylene propylene rubber content on tensile and Impact properties of nylon 6
Polymer, 2000Co-Authors: D M Laura, H Keskkula, J W Barlow, Donald R PaulAbstract:Abstract The Izod Impact strength and tensile properties of blends Nylon 6 and maleated ethylene–propylene rubber (EPR- g -MA) reinforced with glass fiber as a function of glass fiber and EPR- g -MA content were examined. Materials containing 0–20 wt% glass fiber and 0–20 wt% EPR- g -MA were formulated. The modulus and yield strength of the unreinforced materials decreased as EPR- g -MA content increased. This effect can be completely counteracted by the addition of more than 10 wt% glass fiber, regardless of rubber content, with blends containing 20 wt% glass fiber showing substantially higher modulus than that of Nylon 6. Izod Impact strength of super-tough blends was reduced by ∼50% with the addition of small amounts of glass fiber; however, these glass fiber reinforced, rubber-toughened blends still retain a high Impact strength.
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fracture behavior of pbt abs blends compatibilized by methyl methacrylate glycidyl methacrylate ethyl acrylate terpolymers
Polymer, 1999Co-Authors: W Hale, H Keskkula, Donald R PaulAbstract:Abstract The fracture properties of blends of poly(butylene terephthalate), PBT, with acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene materials, ABS, compatibilized by a methyl methacrylate–glycidyl methacrylate–ethyl acrylate terpolymer, MGE, have been characterized by Izod Impact and single-edge notch, three-point bend (SEN3PB) type tests. The Impact properties have been shown to be very sensitive to specimen thickness and mildly sensitive to notch sharpness. Blends containing 30 wt% ABS and molded into 3.18 mm samples are super tough in the absence of a compatibilizer; however, 6.35 mm specimens require higher ABS contents and compatibilization to achieve significant toughness. Low quantities of MGE (1 wt%) are required to produce super tough blends of 6.35 mm thickness; whereas, higher quantities of MGE result in a decrease in the Impact strength. A dual mode of deformation during Izod Impact testing has been observed for uncompatibilized blends molded into 6.35 mm samples where brittle failure occurs in the region of fracture initiation and ductile failure occurs in the region of crack termination. Similarly, a more brittle mode of failure occurs for SEN3PB samples with long ligament lengths and ductile failure for samples with short ligament lengths. The distance a crack can propagate and the size of the stress whitened zone created during Izod Impact testing have been shown to be related to the Impact properties determined by Izod and SEN3PB tests.
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the role of matrix molecular weight in rubber toughened nylon 6 blends 2 room temperature Izod Impact toughness
Polymer, 1996Co-Authors: A J Oshinski, H Keskkula, Donald R PaulAbstract:Abstract The Izod Impact strength of blends of nylon 6 with maleated and non-maleated styrene-hydrogenated butadiene-styrene triblock copolymers, SEBS, and ethylene/propylene random copolymers, EPR, is influenced by the molecular weight of the nylon 6 phase, the rubber particle size, and rubber type. The upper and lower particle size limits for super-toughening were found to be dependent on the polyamide molecular weight and rubber type. The SEBS type elastomers produce blends that have higher toughness over a broader range of rubber particle sizes than the EPR/EPR-g-MA mixtures. The effect of nylon 6 molecular weight on the room temperature Izod Impact strength of these blends depends on how the comparison is made; however, generally higher levels of toughness can be obtained from the higher molecular weight nylon 6 materials.
Mei Li - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Effect of Notch Depth on the Adhesively Bonded Steel Butt-Joint under Charpy Impact Test
Applied Mechanics and Materials, 2014Co-Authors: Mei Li, Jian-li Li, Ya Lan ZhaoAbstract:The effect of the notch depth on the Impact properties of the adhesively bonded steel butt joint under the Charpy Impact test is studied using both the finite element method (FEM) and experimental method. The results obtained from numerical simulation showed that the value of the peak stress Seqv increased first and then decreased evidently when the notch depth increased from 2 mm to 8 mm. Comparing the results with that from Izod Impact test, it is found that the response time retarded about 0.02 ms and the peak value of the stress Seqv decreased evidently under the Charpy Impact test. The results from the experiments showed that the effect of notch depth on the Impact energy absorbed by unit area of joint is as same as that from the Izod Impact test.
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on the stress responses in butt joint under Izod Impact testing
Applied Mechanics and Materials, 2014Co-Authors: Xiang Li, Ling Wu, Mei LiAbstract:The response of the equivalent stress (Seqv) in adhesively bonded steel butt joint and the adhesive bondline during Izod Impact test is studied using the finite element method (FEM) software ANSYS. The results obtained show that the highest value of the stress Seqv almost higher than the yield strength of the adherend reached within about 0.1 ms. The contour diagram of the stress Seqv is symmetrical to the axis along the half height of the specimen both in whole adhesively bonded steel butt joint and the adhesive layer. The peak value of the Seqv in adhesive increases first and then decreased when the action of the Impact was over. The stress Seqv in both ends of the specimen kept to a relative lower value during Impact procedure.
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effect of notch depth on the butt joint under Izod Impact test with material properties and mechanics analysis
Advanced Materials Research, 2013Co-Authors: Xiao Ling Zheng, Mei LiAbstract:The effect of the notch depth on the Impact toughness of the adhesively bonded steel butt joint under Izod Impact test is studied using both the finite element method and experimental method. The results obtained from numerical simulation showed that the response time with the peak stress Seqv occurred becomes little longer when the notch depth increased from 2 mm to 8 mm. And a negative longitudinal stress occurred when there is an 8 mm depth notch which might be beneficial to subject Impact load. The results from the experiments showed that the effect of notch depth is evidently on the Izod Impact properties. The Impact energy absorbed by unit area of joint is increased as the notch depth increase
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numerical analysis on the butt joint under Izod Impact test
Advanced Materials Research, 2012Co-Authors: Xiao Ling Zheng, Ling Wu, Mei LiAbstract:The effect of the adhesive thickness on the Impact toughness of the adhesively bonded steel butt joint during Izod Impact test and the failure procedure is studied using the finite element method software ABAQUS. The results obtained show that the time with the peak stress Seqv occurred is corresponding to the element failure. And much higher peak stress might be subjected by the element near the bottom of the joint under Impact load. The failure time of the element becomes little longer when the adhesive layer thickness increased from 0.1 mm to 0.4 mm. But the peak value of the Seqv decreases and the damage limit of the strain increased evidently as the adhesive thickness increased from 0.2 mm to 0.4 mm.
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Effect of Shock Temperature on the Impact Toughness of Butt-Joint
Advanced Materials Research, 2012Co-Authors: Ling Wu, Hai Zhou Yu, Jing Rong Hu, Mei LiAbstract:The effect of the shock temperature and time on the Impact toughness of the adhesively bonded steel butt joint under Charpy or Izod Impact test is studied using the experimental method. The results obtained show that the Impact toughness decreases when the shock temperature increased. When the curing time, temperature as well as the open assembly time was set as constant, the higher the shock temperature is, the lower the Impact toughness of the joint. Comparing to the Charpy Impact test, the Izod Impact test is more sensitive to the shock temperature. When the shock temperature is set at a value not less than 300 C, the Impact toughness measured is nearly the same as zero due to decomposition, carbonization and volatilization of the adhesive.
H Keskkula - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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rubber toughening of an amorphous polyamide by functionalized sebs copolymers morphology and Izod Impact behavior
Polymer, 2004Co-Authors: Jijun Huang, H Keskkula, Donald R PaulAbstract:Abstract Rubber toughening of an amorphous polyamide (Zytel 330) using combinations of triblock copolymers of the type SEBS and a maleic anhydride functionalized version, SEBS-g-MA, was investigated and the results compared with those of nylon 6 and nylon 66. The effects of rubber content and the type of extruder on the morphology, Izod Impact behavior and the ductile–brittle transition temperature were explored. The shape and sizes of the rubber particles in blends with this amorphous polyamide were found to be more similar to those in nylon 6 than in nylon 66 blends. The twin screw extruder produced smaller particles with a more narrow distribution of sizes than the single screw extruder. Higher rubber contents generally yielded tougher blends; there is a critical rubber particle size above which the ternary blends are brittle at 20 wt% total rubber. The ductile-to-brittle temperature was found to decrease with increased rubber content and decreased rubber particle size. In general, the trends for this amorphous polyamide are rather similar to those reported earlier for semi-crystalline nylon 6 and nylon 66.
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effect of glass fiber and maleated ethylene propylene rubber content on tensile and Impact properties of nylon 6
Polymer, 2000Co-Authors: D M Laura, H Keskkula, J W Barlow, Donald R PaulAbstract:Abstract The Izod Impact strength and tensile properties of blends Nylon 6 and maleated ethylene–propylene rubber (EPR- g -MA) reinforced with glass fiber as a function of glass fiber and EPR- g -MA content were examined. Materials containing 0–20 wt% glass fiber and 0–20 wt% EPR- g -MA were formulated. The modulus and yield strength of the unreinforced materials decreased as EPR- g -MA content increased. This effect can be completely counteracted by the addition of more than 10 wt% glass fiber, regardless of rubber content, with blends containing 20 wt% glass fiber showing substantially higher modulus than that of Nylon 6. Izod Impact strength of super-tough blends was reduced by ∼50% with the addition of small amounts of glass fiber; however, these glass fiber reinforced, rubber-toughened blends still retain a high Impact strength.
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fracture behavior of pbt abs blends compatibilized by methyl methacrylate glycidyl methacrylate ethyl acrylate terpolymers
Polymer, 1999Co-Authors: W Hale, H Keskkula, Donald R PaulAbstract:Abstract The fracture properties of blends of poly(butylene terephthalate), PBT, with acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene materials, ABS, compatibilized by a methyl methacrylate–glycidyl methacrylate–ethyl acrylate terpolymer, MGE, have been characterized by Izod Impact and single-edge notch, three-point bend (SEN3PB) type tests. The Impact properties have been shown to be very sensitive to specimen thickness and mildly sensitive to notch sharpness. Blends containing 30 wt% ABS and molded into 3.18 mm samples are super tough in the absence of a compatibilizer; however, 6.35 mm specimens require higher ABS contents and compatibilization to achieve significant toughness. Low quantities of MGE (1 wt%) are required to produce super tough blends of 6.35 mm thickness; whereas, higher quantities of MGE result in a decrease in the Impact strength. A dual mode of deformation during Izod Impact testing has been observed for uncompatibilized blends molded into 6.35 mm samples where brittle failure occurs in the region of fracture initiation and ductile failure occurs in the region of crack termination. Similarly, a more brittle mode of failure occurs for SEN3PB samples with long ligament lengths and ductile failure for samples with short ligament lengths. The distance a crack can propagate and the size of the stress whitened zone created during Izod Impact testing have been shown to be related to the Impact properties determined by Izod and SEN3PB tests.
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the role of matrix molecular weight in rubber toughened nylon 6 blends 2 room temperature Izod Impact toughness
Polymer, 1996Co-Authors: A J Oshinski, H Keskkula, Donald R PaulAbstract:Abstract The Izod Impact strength of blends of nylon 6 with maleated and non-maleated styrene-hydrogenated butadiene-styrene triblock copolymers, SEBS, and ethylene/propylene random copolymers, EPR, is influenced by the molecular weight of the nylon 6 phase, the rubber particle size, and rubber type. The upper and lower particle size limits for super-toughening were found to be dependent on the polyamide molecular weight and rubber type. The SEBS type elastomers produce blends that have higher toughness over a broader range of rubber particle sizes than the EPR/EPR-g-MA mixtures. The effect of nylon 6 molecular weight on the room temperature Izod Impact strength of these blends depends on how the comparison is made; however, generally higher levels of toughness can be obtained from the higher molecular weight nylon 6 materials.
Nikhil Gupta - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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unnotched Izod Impact characterization of glass hollow particle vinyl ester syntactic foams
Journal of Composite Materials, 2015Co-Authors: Vasanth Chakravarthy Shunmugasamy, Harish Anantharaman, Dinesh Pinisetty, Nikhil GuptaAbstract:Vinyl ester matrix syntactic foams filled with hollow glass microspheres are characterized for unnotched Izod Impact properties. The study is aimed to analyze the effect of wall thickness and volume fraction of the hollow glass microsphere on the Impact properties of syntactic foams. The Impact strength of syntactic foams was observed to be lower in comparison to the neat vinyl ester resin. The volume fraction of the hollow glass microspheres was found to have a more pronounced effect on the Impact strength than the wall thickness. The energy absorbed until failure decreased with increase in the hollow glass microsphere volume fraction. The observed values decreased by 50–72.2% depending on the hollow glass microsphere volume fraction and wall thickness. The failure feature of syntactic foams under the current testing condition is explained using finite element analysis. The failure initiates from the tensile region, propagates through the specimen and is deflected near the compression region. The microst...
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Unnotched Izod Impact characterization of glass hollow particle/vinyl ester syntactic foams
Journal of Composite Materials, 2013Co-Authors: Vasanth Chakravarthy Shunmugasamy, Harish Anantharaman, Dinesh Pinisetty, Nikhil GuptaAbstract:Vinyl ester matrix syntactic foams filled with hollow glass microspheres are characterized for unnotched Izod Impact properties. The study is aimed to analyze the effect of wall thickness and volume fraction of the hollow glass microsphere on the Impact properties of syntactic foams. The Impact strength of syntactic foams was observed to be lower in comparison to the neat vinyl ester resin. The volume fraction of the hollow glass microspheres was found to have a more pronounced effect on the Impact strength than the wall thickness. The energy absorbed until failure decreased with increase in the hollow glass microsphere volume fraction. The observed values decreased by 50–72.2% depending on the hollow glass microsphere volume fraction and wall thickness. The failure feature of syntactic foams under the current testing condition is explained using finite element analysis. The failure initiates from the tensile region, propagates through the specimen and is deflected near the compression region. The microst...
S. N. Maiti - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Effects of crystallinity of polypropylene (PP) on the mechanical properties of PP/styrene-ethylene-butylene-styrene- g -maleic anhydride (SEBS- g -MA)/teak wood flour (TWF) composites
Polymer Bulletin, 2015Co-Authors: Rishi Kant Sharma, S. N. MaitiAbstract:Tensile and Impact properties of PP/SEBS-g-MA/WF composites up to wood flour volume fraction 0.31 are evaluated. Tensile modulus and strength increased while elongation-at-break and Izod Impact strength decreased with increase in volume fraction of the filler (Φf). The crystallinity of PP enhanced with Φf. The tensile properties were compared with predictive theories. SEM studies indicated formation of stress concentration points around WF particles with only limited extent of adhesion which led to large decrease in elongation-at-break and Izod Impact strength of PP.
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Mechanical Properties of Teak Wood Flour-Reinforced HDPE Composites
Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 2009Co-Authors: Kamini Sewda, S. N. MaitiAbstract:Mechanical properties such as tensile and Impact strength behavior of teak wood flour (TWF)-filled high-density polyethylene (HDPE) composites were eval- uated at 0-0.32 volume fraction (Uf) of TWF. Tensile mod- ulus and strength initially increased up to Uf ¼ 0.09, whereas a decrease is observed with further increase in the Uf. Elongation-at-break and Izod Impact strength decreased significantly with increase in the Uf. The crystal- linity of HDPE also decreased with increase in the TWF concentration. The initial increase in the tensile modulus and strength was attributed to the mechanical restraint, whereas decrease in the tensile properties at Uf > 0.09 was due to the predominant effect of decrease in the crystallinity of HDPE. The mechanical restraint decreased the elongation and Izod Impact strength. In the presence of coupling agent, maleic anhydride-grafted HDPE (HDPE-g-MAH), the tensile modulus and strength enhanced significantly because of enhanced interphase adhesion. However, the elongation and Izod Impact strength decreased because of enhanced me- chanical restraint on account of increased phase interactions. Scanning electron microscopy showed a degree of better dis- persion of TWF particles because of enhanced phase adhe- sion in the presence of HDPE-g-MAH. V C 2009 Wiley
