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Eric L Sauers - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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glenohumeral Joint Laxity and stiffness in the functional throwing position of high school baseball pitchers
Journal of Athletic Training, 2006Co-Authors: Scott D Crawford, Eric L SauersAbstract:Context: Repetitive overhead throwing has been theorized to result in chronic adaptations to the capsuloligamentous restraints of the glenohumeral Joint. Objective: To compare glenohumeral Joint Laxity and stiffness between the throwing and nonthrowing shoulders of high school baseball pitchers. Design: Repeated measures. Setting: High school athletic training facilities. Patients or Other Participants: Twenty-two asymptomatic high school baseball pitchers (age = 16.50 ± 0.74 years, height = 178.51 ± 7.66 cm, mass = 75.43 ± 13.24 kg) from a sample of convenience. Main Outcomes Measure(s): We used computerized stress arthrometry to measure glenohumeral Joint Laxity and stiffness. Anterior glenohumeral Joint Laxity and stiffness measures were obtained with the shoulder in 90° of abduction and both neutral rotation and 90° of external rotation. Posterior Laxity and stiffness measures were obtained with the shoulder in 90° of abduction and neutral rotation. Results: No clinically significant differences were found for glenohumeral Laxity or stiffness between sides. However, a statistically significant main effect for position was present for both Laxity and stiffness. Anterior glenohumeral Joint Laxity in the 90° external rotation position was significantly decreased and stiffness was increased in this position compared with the anterior at neutral and posterior at neutral positions. Conclusions: Glenohumeral Joint Laxity decreases and stiffness increases in the functional throwing position of 90° of abduction and 90° of external rotation. No clinically significant side-to-side differences or directional differences were found in high school baseball pitchers.
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instrumented measurement of glenohumeral Joint Laxity and its relationship to passive range of motion and generalized Joint Laxity
American Journal of Sports Medicine, 2001Co-Authors: Eric L Sauers, Paul A Borsa, Derald E Herling, Rick D StanleyAbstract:The purpose of this study was to objectively characterize in vivo glenohumeral Joint Laxity using an instrumented shoulder arthrometer. Secondary objectives were to examine the relationship of glenohumeral Joint Laxity with passive range of motion and generalized Joint Laxity. Fifty-one recreational athletes with no history of shoulder injury or long-term participation in overhead sports participated in this study. Anterior and posterior Laxity data were obtained at displacement forces of 67, 89, 111, and 134 N. Bilateral passive shoulder range of motion measures were obtained, and a modified Beighton Mobility Score was used to quantify generalized Joint Laxity. There were no significant differences in glenohumeral Joint Laxity between the right and left shoulders (P values 0.14 to 0.73). No significant differences in Laxity were seen between directions (F(1,400) 1.35, P 0.25). However, significant differences were observed between force levels (F(3,400) 27.17, P <0.0001). No moderate or stronger correlat...
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Instrumented Measurement of Glenohumeral Joint Laxity and its Relationship to Passive Range of Motion and Generalized Joint Laxity
American Journal of Sports Medicine, 2001Co-Authors: Eric L Sauers, Paul A Borsa, Derald E Herling, Rick D StanleyAbstract:The purpose of this study was to objectively characterize in vivo glenohumeral Joint Laxity using an instrumented shoulder arthrometer. Secondary objectives were to examine the relationship of glenohumeral Joint Laxity with passive range of motion and generalized Joint Laxity. Fifty-one recreational athletes with no history of shoulder injury or long-term participation in overhead sports participated in this study. Anterior and posterior Laxity data were obtained at displacement forces of 67, 89, 111, and 134 N. Bilateral passive shoulder range of motion measures were obtained, and a modified Beighton Mobility Score was used to quantify generalized Joint Laxity. There were no significant differences in glenohumeral Joint Laxity between the right and left shoulders (P values 0.14 to 0.73). No significant differences in Laxity were seen between directions (F(1,400) 1.35, P 0.25). However, significant differences were observed between force levels (F(3,400) 27.17, P
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instrumented measurement of glenohumeral Joint Laxity reliability and normative data
Knee Surgery Sports Traumatology Arthroscopy, 2001Co-Authors: Eric L Sauers, Paul A Borsa, Derald E Herling, Rick D StanleyAbstract:This study assessed shoulder Laxity using an instrumented arthrometer. We compared anterior and posterior translations at various force levels to determine the reliability of our measurement technique and to provide normative data in healthy shoulders. Fifty shoulders were assessed for glenohumeral Joint Laxity in two directions (anterior and posterior) and at four force levels (67, 89, 111, and 134 N). The dependent measure was Joint displacement. Laxity values were widely, yet normally, distributed in our group of healthy shoulders. Intraclass correlation coefficients revealed excellent between-trial reliability (0.92) and fair between-session (0.73) and between-examiner (0.74) reliability. The average standard error of measurement between trials (0.56 mm), sessions (1.5 mm), and examiners (1.7 mm) demonstrated an unprecedentedly high degree of precision for quantifying glenohumeral Joint Laxity. Paired t tests revealed no significant Laxity differences between sides (P>0.05), indicating bilateral symmetry. A 2 (direction) × 4 (force) analysis of variance revealed significant differences in Laxity between directions (P<0.0001) and force levels (P<0.0001). Our results show that our instrumented technique for quantifying glenohumeral Joint Laxity is precise and reproducible. Posterior translation was significantly greater than anterior, and a significant increase in translation was observed between increasing levels of force.
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Instrumented measurement of glenohumeral Joint Laxity: reliability and normative data
Knee Surgery Sports Traumatology Arthroscopy, 2001Co-Authors: Eric L Sauers, Paul A Borsa, Derald E Herling, Rick D StanleyAbstract:This study assessed shoulder Laxity using an instrumented arthrometer. We compared anterior and posterior translations at various force levels to determine the reliability of our measurement technique and to provide normative data in healthy shoulders. Fifty shoulders were assessed for glenohumeral Joint Laxity in two directions (anterior and posterior) and at four force levels (67, 89, 111, and 134 N). The dependent measure was Joint displacement. Laxity values were widely, yet normally, distributed in our group of healthy shoulders. Intraclass correlation coefficients revealed excellent between-trial reliability (0.92) and fair between-session (0.73) and between-examiner (0.74) reliability. The average standard error of measurement between trials (0.56 mm), sessions (1.5 mm), and examiners (1.7 mm) demonstrated an unprecedentedly high degree of precision for quantifying glenohumeral Joint Laxity. Paired t tests revealed no significant Laxity differences between sides (P>0.05), indicating bilateral symmetry. A 2 (direction) × 4 (force) analysis of variance revealed significant differences in Laxity between directions (P
Rick D Stanley - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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instrumented measurement of glenohumeral Joint Laxity and its relationship to passive range of motion and generalized Joint Laxity
American Journal of Sports Medicine, 2001Co-Authors: Eric L Sauers, Paul A Borsa, Derald E Herling, Rick D StanleyAbstract:The purpose of this study was to objectively characterize in vivo glenohumeral Joint Laxity using an instrumented shoulder arthrometer. Secondary objectives were to examine the relationship of glenohumeral Joint Laxity with passive range of motion and generalized Joint Laxity. Fifty-one recreational athletes with no history of shoulder injury or long-term participation in overhead sports participated in this study. Anterior and posterior Laxity data were obtained at displacement forces of 67, 89, 111, and 134 N. Bilateral passive shoulder range of motion measures were obtained, and a modified Beighton Mobility Score was used to quantify generalized Joint Laxity. There were no significant differences in glenohumeral Joint Laxity between the right and left shoulders (P values 0.14 to 0.73). No significant differences in Laxity were seen between directions (F(1,400) 1.35, P 0.25). However, significant differences were observed between force levels (F(3,400) 27.17, P <0.0001). No moderate or stronger correlat...
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Instrumented Measurement of Glenohumeral Joint Laxity and its Relationship to Passive Range of Motion and Generalized Joint Laxity
American Journal of Sports Medicine, 2001Co-Authors: Eric L Sauers, Paul A Borsa, Derald E Herling, Rick D StanleyAbstract:The purpose of this study was to objectively characterize in vivo glenohumeral Joint Laxity using an instrumented shoulder arthrometer. Secondary objectives were to examine the relationship of glenohumeral Joint Laxity with passive range of motion and generalized Joint Laxity. Fifty-one recreational athletes with no history of shoulder injury or long-term participation in overhead sports participated in this study. Anterior and posterior Laxity data were obtained at displacement forces of 67, 89, 111, and 134 N. Bilateral passive shoulder range of motion measures were obtained, and a modified Beighton Mobility Score was used to quantify generalized Joint Laxity. There were no significant differences in glenohumeral Joint Laxity between the right and left shoulders (P values 0.14 to 0.73). No significant differences in Laxity were seen between directions (F(1,400) 1.35, P 0.25). However, significant differences were observed between force levels (F(3,400) 27.17, P
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instrumented measurement of glenohumeral Joint Laxity reliability and normative data
Knee Surgery Sports Traumatology Arthroscopy, 2001Co-Authors: Eric L Sauers, Paul A Borsa, Derald E Herling, Rick D StanleyAbstract:This study assessed shoulder Laxity using an instrumented arthrometer. We compared anterior and posterior translations at various force levels to determine the reliability of our measurement technique and to provide normative data in healthy shoulders. Fifty shoulders were assessed for glenohumeral Joint Laxity in two directions (anterior and posterior) and at four force levels (67, 89, 111, and 134 N). The dependent measure was Joint displacement. Laxity values were widely, yet normally, distributed in our group of healthy shoulders. Intraclass correlation coefficients revealed excellent between-trial reliability (0.92) and fair between-session (0.73) and between-examiner (0.74) reliability. The average standard error of measurement between trials (0.56 mm), sessions (1.5 mm), and examiners (1.7 mm) demonstrated an unprecedentedly high degree of precision for quantifying glenohumeral Joint Laxity. Paired t tests revealed no significant Laxity differences between sides (P>0.05), indicating bilateral symmetry. A 2 (direction) × 4 (force) analysis of variance revealed significant differences in Laxity between directions (P<0.0001) and force levels (P<0.0001). Our results show that our instrumented technique for quantifying glenohumeral Joint Laxity is precise and reproducible. Posterior translation was significantly greater than anterior, and a significant increase in translation was observed between increasing levels of force.
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Instrumented measurement of glenohumeral Joint Laxity: reliability and normative data
Knee Surgery Sports Traumatology Arthroscopy, 2001Co-Authors: Eric L Sauers, Paul A Borsa, Derald E Herling, Rick D StanleyAbstract:This study assessed shoulder Laxity using an instrumented arthrometer. We compared anterior and posterior translations at various force levels to determine the reliability of our measurement technique and to provide normative data in healthy shoulders. Fifty shoulders were assessed for glenohumeral Joint Laxity in two directions (anterior and posterior) and at four force levels (67, 89, 111, and 134 N). The dependent measure was Joint displacement. Laxity values were widely, yet normally, distributed in our group of healthy shoulders. Intraclass correlation coefficients revealed excellent between-trial reliability (0.92) and fair between-session (0.73) and between-examiner (0.74) reliability. The average standard error of measurement between trials (0.56 mm), sessions (1.5 mm), and examiners (1.7 mm) demonstrated an unprecedentedly high degree of precision for quantifying glenohumeral Joint Laxity. Paired t tests revealed no significant Laxity differences between sides (P>0.05), indicating bilateral symmetry. A 2 (direction) × 4 (force) analysis of variance revealed significant differences in Laxity between directions (P
Per Renstrom - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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general Joint Laxity in 1845 swedish school children of different ages age and gender specific distributions
Acta Paediatrica, 2007Co-Authors: Anna Jansson, Tonu Saartok, Suzanne Werner, Per RenstromAbstract:Aim: To evaluate general Joint Laxity in growing children with the aim of determining a cut-off point for Joint hypermobility. Methods: Using the Beighton score, 1845 children from 48 geographically randomly selected schools were evaluated for general Joint Laxity. The Beighton score evaluates the ability to perform a selection of manoeuvres involving five different Joints. The children made up three different age groups (9, 12 and 15 y old) at the time of testing and were approximately equally distributed concerning age and gender in all groups. Results: There were significant differences in Beighton scores concerning both age and gender. Whereas boys presented significant decreases in the degree of general Joint Laxity with increasing age, girls presented the highest degree of general Joint Laxity at the age of 15. At all ages girls had a higher degree of general Joint Laxity Conclusion: Based on this study of a normal population of Swedish school children, the normal distribution of general Joint Laxity as well as the limits for hypermobility is age and gender specific. It is necessary to take into consideration both age and gender if setting a cut-off point for hypermobility when evaluating general Joint Laxity in growing individuals.
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evaluation of general Joint Laxity shoulder Laxity and mobility in competitive swimmers during growth and in normal controls
Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 2005Co-Authors: Anna Jansson, Tonu Saartok, Suzanne Werner, Per RenstromAbstract:The aim of the study was to evaluate differences between competitive swimmers and a reference group of school children concerning general Joint Laxity, Laxity of the glenohumeral Joint and range of motion in the shoulder. Materials and methods. Competitive swimmers (n 5 120) were compared with references consisting of age and gender matched school children (n 5 1277). General Joint Laxity was evaluated with the Beighton score. Anterior glenohumeral Laxity was assessed according to the drawer test, and inferior glenohumeral Laxity according to the sulcus test. Shoulder rotation was measured with a goniometer. Results. Male swimmers of both age groups showed a higher degree of general Joint Laxity compared with the reference group while 9-year-old female swimmers alone had a lower degree of general Joint Laxity compared with references. No significant difference concerning shoulder Laxity was noticed between groups. There was a decreased internal rotation in male and female swimmers as compared with the reference group. External rotation was reduced in female swimmers as compared with the female references. The same result was observed in male swimmers, but only at the age of 12 years. Clinical consequence: Competitive swimming in children seems to lead to a decreased range of motion with regard to shoulder rotation. However, the reason for this is still unclear and further investigations are needed.
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General Joint Laxity in 1845 Swedish school children of different ages: age‐ and gender‐specific distributions
Acta Paediatrica, 2004Co-Authors: Anna Jansson, Tonu Saartok, Suzanne Werner, Per RenstromAbstract:Aim: To evaluate general Joint Laxity in growing children with the aim of determining a cut-off point for Joint hypermobility. Methods: Using the Beighton score, 1845 children from 48 geographically randomly selected schools were evaluated for general Joint Laxity. The Beighton score evaluates the ability to perform a selection of manoeuvres involving five different Joints. The children made up three different age groups (9, 12 and 15 y old) at the time of testing and were approximately equally distributed concerning age and gender in all groups. Results: There were significant differences in Beighton scores concerning both age and gender. Whereas boys presented significant decreases in the degree of general Joint Laxity with increasing age, girls presented the highest degree of general Joint Laxity at the age of 15. At all ages girls had a higher degree of general Joint Laxity Conclusion: Based on this study of a normal population of Swedish school children, the normal distribution of general Joint Laxity as well as the limits for hypermobility is age and gender specific. It is necessary to take into consideration both age and gender if setting a cut-off point for hypermobility when evaluating general Joint Laxity in growing individuals.
Derald E Herling - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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instrumented measurement of glenohumeral Joint Laxity and its relationship to passive range of motion and generalized Joint Laxity
American Journal of Sports Medicine, 2001Co-Authors: Eric L Sauers, Paul A Borsa, Derald E Herling, Rick D StanleyAbstract:The purpose of this study was to objectively characterize in vivo glenohumeral Joint Laxity using an instrumented shoulder arthrometer. Secondary objectives were to examine the relationship of glenohumeral Joint Laxity with passive range of motion and generalized Joint Laxity. Fifty-one recreational athletes with no history of shoulder injury or long-term participation in overhead sports participated in this study. Anterior and posterior Laxity data were obtained at displacement forces of 67, 89, 111, and 134 N. Bilateral passive shoulder range of motion measures were obtained, and a modified Beighton Mobility Score was used to quantify generalized Joint Laxity. There were no significant differences in glenohumeral Joint Laxity between the right and left shoulders (P values 0.14 to 0.73). No significant differences in Laxity were seen between directions (F(1,400) 1.35, P 0.25). However, significant differences were observed between force levels (F(3,400) 27.17, P <0.0001). No moderate or stronger correlat...
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Instrumented Measurement of Glenohumeral Joint Laxity and its Relationship to Passive Range of Motion and Generalized Joint Laxity
American Journal of Sports Medicine, 2001Co-Authors: Eric L Sauers, Paul A Borsa, Derald E Herling, Rick D StanleyAbstract:The purpose of this study was to objectively characterize in vivo glenohumeral Joint Laxity using an instrumented shoulder arthrometer. Secondary objectives were to examine the relationship of glenohumeral Joint Laxity with passive range of motion and generalized Joint Laxity. Fifty-one recreational athletes with no history of shoulder injury or long-term participation in overhead sports participated in this study. Anterior and posterior Laxity data were obtained at displacement forces of 67, 89, 111, and 134 N. Bilateral passive shoulder range of motion measures were obtained, and a modified Beighton Mobility Score was used to quantify generalized Joint Laxity. There were no significant differences in glenohumeral Joint Laxity between the right and left shoulders (P values 0.14 to 0.73). No significant differences in Laxity were seen between directions (F(1,400) 1.35, P 0.25). However, significant differences were observed between force levels (F(3,400) 27.17, P
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instrumented measurement of glenohumeral Joint Laxity reliability and normative data
Knee Surgery Sports Traumatology Arthroscopy, 2001Co-Authors: Eric L Sauers, Paul A Borsa, Derald E Herling, Rick D StanleyAbstract:This study assessed shoulder Laxity using an instrumented arthrometer. We compared anterior and posterior translations at various force levels to determine the reliability of our measurement technique and to provide normative data in healthy shoulders. Fifty shoulders were assessed for glenohumeral Joint Laxity in two directions (anterior and posterior) and at four force levels (67, 89, 111, and 134 N). The dependent measure was Joint displacement. Laxity values were widely, yet normally, distributed in our group of healthy shoulders. Intraclass correlation coefficients revealed excellent between-trial reliability (0.92) and fair between-session (0.73) and between-examiner (0.74) reliability. The average standard error of measurement between trials (0.56 mm), sessions (1.5 mm), and examiners (1.7 mm) demonstrated an unprecedentedly high degree of precision for quantifying glenohumeral Joint Laxity. Paired t tests revealed no significant Laxity differences between sides (P>0.05), indicating bilateral symmetry. A 2 (direction) × 4 (force) analysis of variance revealed significant differences in Laxity between directions (P<0.0001) and force levels (P<0.0001). Our results show that our instrumented technique for quantifying glenohumeral Joint Laxity is precise and reproducible. Posterior translation was significantly greater than anterior, and a significant increase in translation was observed between increasing levels of force.
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Instrumented measurement of glenohumeral Joint Laxity: reliability and normative data
Knee Surgery Sports Traumatology Arthroscopy, 2001Co-Authors: Eric L Sauers, Paul A Borsa, Derald E Herling, Rick D StanleyAbstract:This study assessed shoulder Laxity using an instrumented arthrometer. We compared anterior and posterior translations at various force levels to determine the reliability of our measurement technique and to provide normative data in healthy shoulders. Fifty shoulders were assessed for glenohumeral Joint Laxity in two directions (anterior and posterior) and at four force levels (67, 89, 111, and 134 N). The dependent measure was Joint displacement. Laxity values were widely, yet normally, distributed in our group of healthy shoulders. Intraclass correlation coefficients revealed excellent between-trial reliability (0.92) and fair between-session (0.73) and between-examiner (0.74) reliability. The average standard error of measurement between trials (0.56 mm), sessions (1.5 mm), and examiners (1.7 mm) demonstrated an unprecedentedly high degree of precision for quantifying glenohumeral Joint Laxity. Paired t tests revealed no significant Laxity differences between sides (P>0.05), indicating bilateral symmetry. A 2 (direction) × 4 (force) analysis of variance revealed significant differences in Laxity between directions (P
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Patterns of glenohumeral Joint Laxity and stiffness in healthy men and women.
Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 2000Co-Authors: Paul A Borsa, Eric L Sauers, Derald E HerlingAbstract:Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify gender-related differences in glenohumeral (GH) Joint Laxity, stiffness, and generalized Joint hypermobility in healthy men and women. Methods: Fifty-one healthy men and women were tested for generalized Joint hypermobility, and anterior-posterior (AP) Joint Laxity and stiffness using a single-group factorial design. Results: Women exhibited significantly more anterior Joint Laxity (men 8.3 ± 2.2 mm vs women 11.4 ± 2.8 mm, P < 0.001) and less anterior Joint stiffness (men 20.5 ± 5.0 N.mm -1 vs women 16.3 ± 4.2 N.mm -1 , P
Jay Hertel - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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anterior talocrural Joint Laxity diagnostic accuracy of the anterior drawer test of the ankle
Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy, 2013Co-Authors: Theodore Croy, Shane L Koppenhaver, Susan A Saliba, Jay HertelAbstract:Study Design Prospective, blinded, diagnostic-accuracy study. Objectives To investigate the diagnostic accuracy of the ankle anterior drawer test (ADT) to detect anterior talocrural Joint Laxity in adults with a history of lateral ankle sprain. Background The ADT is used to manually detect anterior talocrural Joint Laxity following lateral ankle sprain injury; however, the diagnostic accuracy of this test has not been established. Methods Sixty-six subjects with a history of lateral ankle sprain were examined with the ADT. Anterior talocrural Joint Laxity was measured digitally from ultrasound images of the talofibular interval during performance of the ADT. In addition, anterior talocrural Joint Laxity was measured digitally in 20 control subjects to establish a reference standard. ADT results were defined as “positive” or “negative,” based on this and a second reference standard established from the literature. Results The group with a history of lateral ankle sprain had a mean ± SD anterior talocrural ...
