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Todd S Ellenbecker - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Descriptive Strength and Range of Motion in Youth Baseball Players
    'The Sports Physical Therapy Session', 2021
    Co-Authors: Ross M Nakaji, Todd S Ellenbecker, Kevin M Mcclenahan, Lianna M Roberts, Chase Perez, Scott B Dickenson
    Abstract:

    # Background There are limited studies reporting descriptive strength and Range of Motion in youth baseball players 12 years of age or younger. # Purpose To establish normative data for external (ER) and internal (IR) rotation Range of Motion (ROM), total arc Range of Motion (TROM), and isometric rotator cuff strength in youth baseball players, and to compare between the dominant throwing arm (D) to the non-dominant arm (ND). # Study Design Cross-sectional # Methods Patient population included 50 (5 to 12-year-old) uninjured, healthy athletes. ROM measurements were performed preseason using a goniometer for IR and ER in the supine position with the shoulder in 90 degrees of abduction (abd) with scapular stabilization. Isometric strength measurements for IR and ER were collected in both neutral and 90 degrees (deg) of abduction with the use of a hand-held dynamometer and recorded in pounds (lbs) utilizing a “make” test. Descriptive statistics were obtained for all measures. # Results All data were analyzed as a single group (average age: 9.02). No significant difference in average total arc of PROM (ER+IR=Total Arc) on the D side compared to the ND side (136.7 ± 12.7 deg vs. 134.3 ± 12.3 deg). There were statistically significant differences between ER ROM (102.2 ± 7.7 deg vs. 96.8 ± 7.4 deg) and IR ROM (34.4 ± 9.0 deg vs. 37.5 ± 9.5 deg) between D versus ND arms (p= .000, .006 respectively). Mean ER strength in neutral (13.6 ± 3.4 and 12.8 ± 3.6 lbs) and 90 deg abduction (12.3 ± 3.4 and 12.5 ± 4.3 lbs) did were not significantly different between D and ND arms, respectively. Mean IR strength in neutral (18.0 ± 6.0 and 15.7 ± 4.7 lbs) and 90 deg abd (16.4 ± 5.6 and 15.0 ± 5.7 lbs) was significantly greater in the D arm vs ND arm, respectively (p=.000, .001). # Conclusion These data can provide descriptive information for clinicians who treat very young baseball players. These data show sport specific adaptations occur at very young ages (5-12) and are similar to prior reports on adolescent, high school and professional baseball players regarding upper extremity ROM and rotator cuff strength. # Level of Evidence

  • shoulder Range of Motion measures as risk factors for shoulder and elbow injuries in high school softball and baseball players
    American Journal of Sports Medicine, 2011
    Co-Authors: Ellen Shanley, Todd S Ellenbecker, Mitchell J Rauh, Lori A Michener, Craig J Garrison, Charles A Thigpen
    Abstract:

    Background: Range of Motion deficits in shoulder external rotation (ER), internal rotation (IR), total rotation Range of Motion (ER + IR), and horizontal adduction (HA) have been retrospectively associated with overhand athletes’ arm injuries.Hypothesis: The authors expected the incidence of upper extremity injury in high school softball and baseball players with side-to-side shoulder Range of Motion deficits to be greater than the incidence of upper extremity injury in players with normal shoulder Range of Motion.Study Design: Cohort study (prognosis); Level of evidence, 2.Methods: High school softball and baseball players (N = 246) participated. Before the start of the season, passive shoulder ER, IR, and HA were assessed at 90° of abduction with the scapula stabilized. Relative risk (RR) was calculated to examine Range of Motion measure, by categorical criteria, and risk of upper extremity injury.Results: Twenty-seven shoulder and elbow injuries (9 softball, 18 baseball) were observed during the season...

  • glenohumeral joint total rotation Range of Motion in elite tennis players and baseball pitchers
    Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 2002
    Co-Authors: Todd S Ellenbecker, E P Roetert, David Bailie, George J Davies, Scott W Brown
    Abstract:

    ELLENBECKER, T. S., E. P. ROETERT, D. S. BAILIE, G. J. DAVIES, and S. W. BROWN. Glenohumeral joint total rotation Range of Motion in elite tennis players and baseball pitchers. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc., Vol. 34, No. 12, pp. 2052–2056, 2002. The amount of glenohumeral joint internal and external rotation used during overhead sport activities has been measured experimentally by sports scientists. Clinical measurement of glenohumeral joint internal and external rotation using goniometry is an integral part of a shoulder evaluation after injury or surgery or during preseason or preventative musculoskeletal screenings. Purpose: This study measured glenohumeral joint internal and external rotation in two groups of unilaterally dominant upper extremity athletes to compare the total arc of rotational Range of Motion between the dominant and nondominant extremities. Methods: A total of 163 elite athletes (117 male junior tennis players and 46 male baseball pitchers) were measured for glenohumeral joint internal and external rotation at 90° of abduction. Total rotation Range of Motion was calculated by summing internal and external rotation measures in each extremity. Results: An ANOVA with post hoc testing revealed no significant difference ( P 0.05) between extremities in baseball pitchers for total rotation Range of Motion (145.7 vs 146.9), whereas significantly less ( P 0.001) dominant arm total rotation Range of Motion was identified in the elite junior tennis players (149.1 vs 158.2). Conclusion: This study has identified unique glenohumeral joint rotational patterning in unilaterally dominant upper extremity athletes that has ramifications for rehabilitation after injury and for both injury prevention and performance enhancement. Key Words: SHOULDER, GONIOMETRY, EXTERNAL ROTATION, INTERNAL ROTATION

  • glenohumeral joint internal and external rotation Range of Motion in elite junior tennis players
    Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy, 1996
    Co-Authors: Todd S Ellenbecker, E P Roetert, P A Piorkowski, D A Schulz
    Abstract:

    Objective measurement of Range of Motion of the glenohumeral joint is important for the rehabilitation and prevention of shoulder injury. The primary purpose of this study was to determine whether significant differences exist between the dominant (tennis playing) and nondominant extremity in active internal and external rotation Range of Motion in elite junior tennis players 11–17 years of age. Two hundred three elite junior tennis players (113 males, 90 females) were bilaterally measured for internal and external rotation at 90° of abduction in a supine position with a specific methodology attempting to isolate glenohumeral Motion, while minimizing or negating scapulothoracic Motion. A standard universal goniometer was utilized to measure active Range of Motion (AROM). Dependent t tests were used to compare differences between extremities. No significant difference was found for males or females between the dominant and nondominant arm in external rotation. Analysis of internal rotation (AROM) differenc...

James R Andrews - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • changes in shoulder and elbow passive Range of Motion after pitching in professional baseball players
    American Journal of Sports Medicine, 2008
    Co-Authors: Michael M Reinold, Kevin E Wilk, Leonard C Macrina, Chris Sheheane, Shouchen Dun, Glenn S Fleisig, Ken Crenshaw, James R Andrews
    Abstract:

    BackgroundThe overhead throwing athlete has unique Range of Motion characteristics of the shoulder and elbow. Numerous theories exist to explain these characteristics; however, the precise cause is not known. Although it is accepted that Range of Motion is altered, the acute effect of baseball pitching on shoulder and elbow Range of Motion has not been established.HypothesisThere will be a reduction in passive Range of Motion immediately after baseball pitching.Study DesignControlled laboratory study.MethodsSixty-seven asymptomatic male professional baseball pitchers participated in the study. Passive Range of Motion Measurements were recorded using a customized bubble goniometer for shoulder external rotation, shoulder internal rotation, total shoulder rotational Motion, elbow flexion, and elbow extension on the dominant and nondominant arms. Testing was performed on the first day of spring training. Measurements were taken before, immediately after, and 24 hours after pitching.ResultsA significant decre...

  • correlation of Range of Motion and glenohumeral translation in professional baseball pitchers
    American Journal of Sports Medicine, 2005
    Co-Authors: Paul A Borsa, Michael M Reinold, Kevin E Wilk, Jon A Jacobson, Jason S Scibek, Geoffrey Dover, James R Andrews
    Abstract:

    BackgroundAltered mobility patterns in the throwing shoulders of professional baseball pitchers have been reported. Most published reports examining glenohumeral laxity have not used an objective testing device.ObjectiveQuantify and compare glenohumeral translation and rotational Range of Motion between the throwing and non-throwing shoulders in professional baseball pitchers.Study DesignDescriptive laboratory study.MethodsForce-displacement and Range of Motion measures were performed bilaterally on 43 asymptomatic professional baseball pitchers. Ultrasound imaging was used to measure glenohumeral translations under stressed and unstressed conditions.ResultsNo significant difference in translation was found between the throwing and nonthrowing shoulders. For both shoulders, posterior translation (5.38 ± 2.7 mm) was significantly greater (P < .001) than was anterior translation (2.81 ± 1.6 mm). External rotation in the throwing shoulder was significantly greater than that in the nonthrowing shoulder (P < ....

Kevin E Wilk - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • changes in shoulder and elbow passive Range of Motion after pitching in professional baseball players
    American Journal of Sports Medicine, 2008
    Co-Authors: Michael M Reinold, Kevin E Wilk, Leonard C Macrina, Chris Sheheane, Shouchen Dun, Glenn S Fleisig, Ken Crenshaw, James R Andrews
    Abstract:

    BackgroundThe overhead throwing athlete has unique Range of Motion characteristics of the shoulder and elbow. Numerous theories exist to explain these characteristics; however, the precise cause is not known. Although it is accepted that Range of Motion is altered, the acute effect of baseball pitching on shoulder and elbow Range of Motion has not been established.HypothesisThere will be a reduction in passive Range of Motion immediately after baseball pitching.Study DesignControlled laboratory study.MethodsSixty-seven asymptomatic male professional baseball pitchers participated in the study. Passive Range of Motion Measurements were recorded using a customized bubble goniometer for shoulder external rotation, shoulder internal rotation, total shoulder rotational Motion, elbow flexion, and elbow extension on the dominant and nondominant arms. Testing was performed on the first day of spring training. Measurements were taken before, immediately after, and 24 hours after pitching.ResultsA significant decre...

  • correlation of Range of Motion and glenohumeral translation in professional baseball pitchers
    American Journal of Sports Medicine, 2005
    Co-Authors: Paul A Borsa, Michael M Reinold, Kevin E Wilk, Jon A Jacobson, Jason S Scibek, Geoffrey Dover, James R Andrews
    Abstract:

    BackgroundAltered mobility patterns in the throwing shoulders of professional baseball pitchers have been reported. Most published reports examining glenohumeral laxity have not used an objective testing device.ObjectiveQuantify and compare glenohumeral translation and rotational Range of Motion between the throwing and non-throwing shoulders in professional baseball pitchers.Study DesignDescriptive laboratory study.MethodsForce-displacement and Range of Motion measures were performed bilaterally on 43 asymptomatic professional baseball pitchers. Ultrasound imaging was used to measure glenohumeral translations under stressed and unstressed conditions.ResultsNo significant difference in translation was found between the throwing and nonthrowing shoulders. For both shoulders, posterior translation (5.38 ± 2.7 mm) was significantly greater (P < .001) than was anterior translation (2.81 ± 1.6 mm). External rotation in the throwing shoulder was significantly greater than that in the nonthrowing shoulder (P < ....

  • osseous adaptation and Range of Motion at the glenohumeral joint in professional baseball pitchers
    American Journal of Sports Medicine, 2002
    Co-Authors: Heber C Crockett, Kevin E Wilk, Lyndon B Gross, Martin L Schwartz, Jamie Reed, Jay Omara, Michael T Reilly, Jeffery R Dugas, Keith Meister, Stephen Lyman
    Abstract:

    The throwing shoulder in pitchers frequently exhibits a paradox of glenohumeral joint Motion, in which excessive external rotation is present at the expense of decreased internal rotation. The object of this study was to determine the role of humeral head retroversion in relation to increased glenohumeral external rotation. Glenohumeral joint Range of Motion and laxity along with humeral head and glenoid version of the dominant versus nondominant shoulders were studied in 25 professional pitchers and 25 nonthrowing subjects. Each subject underwent a computed tomography scan to determine bilateral humeral head and glenoid version. The throwing group demonstrated a significant increase in the dominant shoulder versus the nondominant shoulder in humeral head retroversion, glenoid retroversion, external rotation at 90°, and external rotation in the scapular plane. Internal rotation was decreased in the dominant shoulder. Total Range of Motion, anterior glenohumeral laxity, and posterior glenohumeral laxity we...

S P Bendall - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • bunion surgery can capsular closure influence Range of Motion
    Orthopaedic Proceedings, 2003
    Co-Authors: D J Redfern, S P Bendall
    Abstract:

    The incidence of first metatarsophalangeal joint (MTPJ) stiffness following bunion surgery varies in the literature from 2% to 60%. The causes include pre-existing degenerative joint disease, infection, chronic regional pain syndrome (Type 1), joint incongruence and avascular necrosis. The aim of this study was to establish whether closure of the capsule influences the Range of Motion in the first MTPJ. We performed a cadaveric study using a ‘Y’ shaped medial capsulotomy as our model. A mid-medial approach was performed on ten cadaveric feet, exposing the medial capsule of the 1st MTPJ. The Range of Motion of the 1st MTPJ was recorded, and a ‘Y’ shaped capsulotomy performed. The capsule was then closed in neutral, full plantar flexion, and full dorsi flexion and the Range of Motion recorded. When the capsule was closed with the first MTPJ at the limit of plantar flexion there was a mean loss of 13.7° of dorsi-flexion (Range 12°–15°, p Capsular closure can influence first MPTJ Motion. Care should therefore be taken during capsular repair. Closure in extremes of extension or flexion, as advocated in some techniques such as the Mitchell osteotomy, should be avoided.

  • bunion surgery can capsular closure influence Range of Motion
    Foot and Ankle Surgery, 2003
    Co-Authors: D J Redfern, S P Bendall
    Abstract:

    Abstract The incidence of first metatarsophalangeal joint (MTPJ) stiffness following bunion surgery varies in the literature. We performed a cadaveric study to investigate whether capsular closure can influence Range of first MTPJ Motion. A direct medial approach was performed on 10 cadaveric feet. The Range of Motion of the 1st MTPJ was recorded, and a ‘Y' capsulotomy performed. The capsule was then closed in neutral, full plantar flexion, and full dorsi flexion, and the Range of Motion recorded. Capsular closure with the first MTPJ in neutral did not affect Range of Motion, whilst closure at the limit of plantar flexion resulted in a mean loss of 14° of dorsi flexion (Range 12–15°, p p In a cadaveric model, capsular closure in extreme flexion/extension reduces Range of Motion in the first MTP.

Scott W Brown - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • glenohumeral joint total rotation Range of Motion in elite tennis players and baseball pitchers
    Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 2002
    Co-Authors: Todd S Ellenbecker, E P Roetert, David Bailie, George J Davies, Scott W Brown
    Abstract:

    ELLENBECKER, T. S., E. P. ROETERT, D. S. BAILIE, G. J. DAVIES, and S. W. BROWN. Glenohumeral joint total rotation Range of Motion in elite tennis players and baseball pitchers. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc., Vol. 34, No. 12, pp. 2052–2056, 2002. The amount of glenohumeral joint internal and external rotation used during overhead sport activities has been measured experimentally by sports scientists. Clinical measurement of glenohumeral joint internal and external rotation using goniometry is an integral part of a shoulder evaluation after injury or surgery or during preseason or preventative musculoskeletal screenings. Purpose: This study measured glenohumeral joint internal and external rotation in two groups of unilaterally dominant upper extremity athletes to compare the total arc of rotational Range of Motion between the dominant and nondominant extremities. Methods: A total of 163 elite athletes (117 male junior tennis players and 46 male baseball pitchers) were measured for glenohumeral joint internal and external rotation at 90° of abduction. Total rotation Range of Motion was calculated by summing internal and external rotation measures in each extremity. Results: An ANOVA with post hoc testing revealed no significant difference ( P 0.05) between extremities in baseball pitchers for total rotation Range of Motion (145.7 vs 146.9), whereas significantly less ( P 0.001) dominant arm total rotation Range of Motion was identified in the elite junior tennis players (149.1 vs 158.2). Conclusion: This study has identified unique glenohumeral joint rotational patterning in unilaterally dominant upper extremity athletes that has ramifications for rehabilitation after injury and for both injury prevention and performance enhancement. Key Words: SHOULDER, GONIOMETRY, EXTERNAL ROTATION, INTERNAL ROTATION