The Experts below are selected from a list of 318 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
David Levinson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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accessibility and the Journey to Work through the lens of equity
Journal of Transport Geography, 2019Co-Authors: Boer Cui, Ahmed Elgeneidy, Genevieve Boisjoly, David LevinsonAbstract:Abstract Inequality in transport provision is an area of growing concern among transport professionals, as it results in low-income individuals travelling at lower speeds while covering smaller distances. Accessibility, the ease of reaching destinations, may hold the key in correcting these inequalities through providing a means to evaluate land use and transport interventions. This article examines the relationship between accessibility and commute duration for low-income individuals compared to the higher-income, in three major Canadian metropolitan regions, toronto, Montreal, and Vancouver using separate multilevel mixed effects statistical models for car and public transport commuters. Accessibility measures are generated for jobs and Workers both at the origin (home) and the destination (place of Work) to account for the impact of competing labor and firms. Our models show that the impacts of accessibility on commute duration are present and in many cases stronger for low-income individuals than for higher income groups. The results suggest that low-income individuals have more to gain (in terms of reduced commute time) from increased accessibility to low-income jobs at the origin and to Workers at the destination. Similarly, they also have more to lose from increased accessibility to low-income Workers at the origin and to low-income jobs at the destination, which are proxies for increased competition. Policies targeting improvements in accessibility to jobs, especially low-income ones, by car and public transport while managing the presence of competition can serve to bridge the inequality gap that exists in commuting behavior.
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netWork structure and the Journey to Work an intra metropolitan analysis
Transportation Research Part A-policy and Practice, 2018Co-Authors: Pavithra Parthasarathi, David LevinsonAbstract:Abstract This research quantifies the variation of netWork structure within the Minneapolis - St. Paul metropolitan area and relates it to average travel time to Work for each Minor Civil Division (MCD) in the metro area. The variation of these measures within the metropolitan area is analyzed spatially. The measures of netWork structure are then related to observed travel. Better connected netWorks have lower average travel times, all else equal. The results corroborate a relation between netWork structure and travel and point to the importance of understanding the underlying street netWork structure.
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accessibility equity and the Journey to Work
Research Papers in Economics, 2018Co-Authors: Boer Cui, Ahmed Elgeneidy, Genevieve Boisjoly, David LevinsonAbstract:The Work was partially funded by the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada (SSHRC). The authors would like to thank Gillaume Barreau for the car travel time and distance information provided for each city and Robbin Deboosere for the transit travel time and distance information as well as developing the accessibility measures by car to jobs.
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netWork structure and the Journey to Work an intra metropolitan analysis
Research Papers in Economics, 2012Co-Authors: Pavithra Parthasarathi, David LevinsonAbstract:This paper aims to look at the variation of netWork structure within a metropolitan area and relate it to observed travel, measured here as the average travel time to Work. The Minor Civil Divisions (MCD) within the Twin Cities (Minneapolis, St. Paul) metropolitan area are chosen for this analysis. Quantitative measures, compiled from various sources, are used to capture the various aspects of netWork structure within each MCD. The variation of these measures within the metropolitan area is analyzed using spatial analyses. The measures of netWork structure are then related to observed travel using statistical regression models. The results confirm a relation between netWork structure and travel and point to the importance of understanding the underlying street netWork structure.
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the minimum circuity frontier and the Journey to Work
Regional Science and Urban Economics, 2009Co-Authors: David Levinson, Ahmed ElgeneidyAbstract:Abstract People travel between places of residence and Work destinations via transportation netWorks. The relation between selection of home and Work locations has been heavily debated in the transportation planning literature. In this paper we use circuity, the ratio of netWork to Euclidean distance, to better understand the choice of residential location relative to Work. This is done using two methods of defining origins and destinations in twenty metropolitan regions in the United States, with more detailed analysis of Minneapolis–St. Paul, Minnesota and Portland, Oregon. The first method of selection is based on actual choice of residence and Work locations. The second is based on a randomly selected dataset of origins and destinations in the same regions, followed by a comparison between the two methods for these regions. The study shows circuity measured through randomly selected origins and destinations differs from circuity measured from actual origins and destinations. Workers tend to reside in areas such that the Journey to Work circuity is lower than random, applying intelligence to their location decisions. Consistent with traditional urban economic theory, this suggests locators wish to locate on the frontier with the largest residential lot at the shortest commute time, but in contrast with the classic model which simplifies transportation netWorks to be uniform, we cannot assume that all possible home–Work pairs are on the frontier. This finding, developed from microscopic data not previously used for this question, reveals an important issue related to residence choice and location theory and how resident Workers tend to locate with respect to netWork configuration in an urban context.
Ahmed Elgeneidy - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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accessibility and the Journey to Work through the lens of equity
Journal of Transport Geography, 2019Co-Authors: Boer Cui, Ahmed Elgeneidy, Genevieve Boisjoly, David LevinsonAbstract:Abstract Inequality in transport provision is an area of growing concern among transport professionals, as it results in low-income individuals travelling at lower speeds while covering smaller distances. Accessibility, the ease of reaching destinations, may hold the key in correcting these inequalities through providing a means to evaluate land use and transport interventions. This article examines the relationship between accessibility and commute duration for low-income individuals compared to the higher-income, in three major Canadian metropolitan regions, toronto, Montreal, and Vancouver using separate multilevel mixed effects statistical models for car and public transport commuters. Accessibility measures are generated for jobs and Workers both at the origin (home) and the destination (place of Work) to account for the impact of competing labor and firms. Our models show that the impacts of accessibility on commute duration are present and in many cases stronger for low-income individuals than for higher income groups. The results suggest that low-income individuals have more to gain (in terms of reduced commute time) from increased accessibility to low-income jobs at the origin and to Workers at the destination. Similarly, they also have more to lose from increased accessibility to low-income Workers at the origin and to low-income jobs at the destination, which are proxies for increased competition. Policies targeting improvements in accessibility to jobs, especially low-income ones, by car and public transport while managing the presence of competition can serve to bridge the inequality gap that exists in commuting behavior.
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accessibility equity and the Journey to Work
Research Papers in Economics, 2018Co-Authors: Boer Cui, Ahmed Elgeneidy, Genevieve Boisjoly, David LevinsonAbstract:The Work was partially funded by the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada (SSHRC). The authors would like to thank Gillaume Barreau for the car travel time and distance information provided for each city and Robbin Deboosere for the transit travel time and distance information as well as developing the accessibility measures by car to jobs.
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the minimum circuity frontier and the Journey to Work
Regional Science and Urban Economics, 2009Co-Authors: David Levinson, Ahmed ElgeneidyAbstract:Abstract People travel between places of residence and Work destinations via transportation netWorks. The relation between selection of home and Work locations has been heavily debated in the transportation planning literature. In this paper we use circuity, the ratio of netWork to Euclidean distance, to better understand the choice of residential location relative to Work. This is done using two methods of defining origins and destinations in twenty metropolitan regions in the United States, with more detailed analysis of Minneapolis–St. Paul, Minnesota and Portland, Oregon. The first method of selection is based on actual choice of residence and Work locations. The second is based on a randomly selected dataset of origins and destinations in the same regions, followed by a comparison between the two methods for these regions. The study shows circuity measured through randomly selected origins and destinations differs from circuity measured from actual origins and destinations. Workers tend to reside in areas such that the Journey to Work circuity is lower than random, applying intelligence to their location decisions. Consistent with traditional urban economic theory, this suggests locators wish to locate on the frontier with the largest residential lot at the shortest commute time, but in contrast with the classic model which simplifies transportation netWorks to be uniform, we cannot assume that all possible home–Work pairs are on the frontier. This finding, developed from microscopic data not previously used for this question, reveals an important issue related to residence choice and location theory and how resident Workers tend to locate with respect to netWork configuration in an urban context.
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the minimum circuity frontier and the Journey to Work
Research Papers in Economics, 2007Co-Authors: David Levinson, Ahmed ElgeneidyAbstract:In an urban context people travel between places of residence and Work destinations via transportation netWorks. Transportation studies that involve measurements of distances between residence and Work locations tend to use Euclidean distances rather than NetWork distances. This is due to the historic difficulty in calculating netWork distances and based on assumptions that differences between Euclidean distance and netWork distance tend to be constant. This assumption is true only when variation in the netWork is minor and when self-selection is not present. In this paper we use circuity, the ratio of netWork to Euclidean distance, as a tool to better understand the choice of residential location relative to Work. This is done using two methods of defining origins and destinations in the Twin Cities metropolitan region. The first method of selection is based on actual choice of residence and Work locations. The second is based on a randomly selected dataset of origins and destinations in the same region. The findings of the study show circuity measured through randomly selected origins and destinations differ from circuity measured from actual origins and destinations. Workers tend to reside in areas where the circuity is lower, applying intelligence to their location decisions. We posit this because locators wish to achieve the largest residential lot at the shortest commute time. This finding reveals an important issue related to resident choice and location theory and how resident Workers tend to locate in an urban context.
Jonathan Corcoran - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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analysing Journey to Work data using complex netWorks
Journal of Transport Geography, 2018Co-Authors: Guohun Zhu, Jonathan Corcoran, Paul Shyy, Salvatore F Pileggi, Jane HunterAbstract:It is well known that Journey-to-Work (JTW) data can be represented using complex netWork graphs. What is less evident is the way in which this approach can be used to quantitatively analyse the structure, connectivity and dynamics of commuting behaviour. This paper employs a complex netWork approach to spatially disaggregated JTW data in order to examine commuting behaviour for six different modes of transport (car, car passengers, train, bus, cycling and walking) within three of the most populous metropolitan areas in Australia. A set of netWork measures (degree, strength, clustering coefficient, maximum cliques, average shortest path length and betweenness) are computed from both the unweighted and weighted graphs corresponding to JTW data for the Sydney, Melbourne and the South East Queensland regions from the time periods: 2001, 2006 and 2011. Results reveal a number of interesting dynamics, one being that Melbourne exhibits shorter (and presumed to be faster) alternate commuting paths than either Sydney or South East Queensland given its lower betweenness and shortest path values allied with higher clustering coefficients. The interpretation of these metrics demonstrates that complex netWorks have the capacity to reveal new insights from JTW data, by enabling a more comprehensive, systematic, empirical and fine-grained analysis of changes in commuting behaviour over time.
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mapping spatial flows over time a case study using Journey to Work data
Journal of Spatial Science, 2013Co-Authors: Chris Maddox, Jonathan CorcoranAbstract:This paper reports on two new spatial flow tools with the capacity to visualise change over time. The first tool incorporates a series of flow-orientated metrics, including flow direction and intensity; the second tool includes a number of additional features including the representation of both inward and outward flows and the most dominant direction for up to three time periods. Both tools can be applied to map a wide range of flow-orientated data describing human and environmental phenomena. Using Journey-to-Work (JTW) data as a case study data set the capacity of the two spatial flow tools is demonstrated. Both tools are developed to extend the functionality of ESRI's ArcGIS software and are available for public download via their online forum.
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mapping spatial flows over time a case study using Journey to Work data
Journal of Spatial Science, 2013Co-Authors: Chris Maddox, Jonathan Corcoran, Yan LiuAbstract:This paper reports on two new spatial flow tools with the capacity to visualise change over time. The first tool incorporates a series of flow-orientated metrics, including flow direction and intensity; the second tool includes a number of additional features including the representation of both inward and outward flows and the most dominant direction for up to three time periods. Both tools can be applied to map a wide range of flow-orientated data describing human and environmental phenomena. Using Journey-to-Work (JTW) data as a case study data set the capacity of the two spatial flow tools is demonstrated. Both tools are developed to extend the functionality of ESRI's ArcGIS software and are available for public download via their online forum.
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bus rapid transit an examination of changes of travel patterns for Journey to Work and socio demographic characteristics
Transport Research Forum, 2013Co-Authors: Sui Tao, Jonathan Corcoran, Iderlina MateobabianoAbstract:Over the past two decades, four Australian capital cities (Adelaide, Brisbane, Melbourne and Sydney) have implemented Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) within their Urban Public Transport (UPT) netWorks. This has resulted in extensive BRT netWorks and high patronage. From 2006 to 2010, the total length of BRT netWorks in Australia increased 194% to 318 kilometres backed by an increase of 130% (36.6 million to 84 million) in annual number of passengers carried. However, despite the increasingly important role of BRT as a component of the UPT netWorks, the extent to which BRT has modified travel patterns in Australian cities has scarcely been investigated. As such this paper examines this question in order to better understand the impacts of BRT implementation on travel patterns. Drawing on Journey-to-Work (JTW) census data from 1996, 2001, 2006 and 2011 in Brisbane, we first examine changes in the dynamics of JTW patterns over a decade period (1996 to 2006) before modelling the relationships between mode shares of BRT adjacent catchment and socio-demographic characteristics in 2011. Results reveal some localised changes in JTW patterns associated with the expansion of the BRT netWork and linked to socio-demographic characteristics. The findings provide a first step in developing an evidence base with the capacity to inform future expansions of the BRT.
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investigating the changes in Journey to Work patterns for south east queensland a gis based approach
Transport Research Forum, 2010Co-Authors: Jonathan Corcoran, Matthew BurkeAbstract:Using Journey to Work (JTW) data derived from the 1996 and 2006 censuses, this paper explores changes in commuting dynamics in the South East Queensland (SEQ) region. Our focus is concerned with the geographic patterning of commuting distance and flow (i.e. the number of people travelling from region i to region j) across the SEQ region and to identify any changes in such patterning over the decade to 2006. to achieve this advanced GIS methods were employed to firstly calculate the average commuting distance and the degree of self-containment (i.e. people living and Working within the same area) for the local areas, and secondly to map the distribution of commuting flows. Through a quantitative analysis of SEQ JTW patterns over time, we link the results to the current planning debates regarding urban spatial policies aimed at reducing commuting distances. Specific attention is given to: (1) whether job-housing balanced development has an effect on reducing commuting distance between 1996 and 2006; and (2) identifying the most salient changes in commuting flows over the decade. Results indicated that the spatial patterns of commuting had a limited change over the 10 years period; and the change in commuting distance did not present a strong relationship to the change in jobs-housing ratio across the region.
Debbie A Niemeier - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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bicycle Journey to Work travel behavior characteristics and spatial attributes
Transportation Research Record, 1997Co-Authors: Kevan Shafizadeh, Debbie A NiemeierAbstract:The relationship between the demographic attributes and spatial clustering of individuals making a weekday bicycle Journey-to-Work commute and their commuting travel time is explored. The study uses data from a 1993 bicycle-intercept survey distributed in Seattle, Washington, in which individual bicycle-travel behavior characteristics were collected. The data include socioeconomic information, such as age, gender and income. The results indicate that these three factors may play unexpected roles in the length of bicycle commuting travel times for the Journey-to-Work trips. This study also suggests that separated bicycle paths play an integral part in the overall bicycle transportation netWork. Statistical analysis also indicated that cyclists traveling primarily on separated paths tend to make significantly longer trips.
Pavithra Parthasarathi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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netWork structure and the Journey to Work an intra metropolitan analysis
Transportation Research Part A-policy and Practice, 2018Co-Authors: Pavithra Parthasarathi, David LevinsonAbstract:Abstract This research quantifies the variation of netWork structure within the Minneapolis - St. Paul metropolitan area and relates it to average travel time to Work for each Minor Civil Division (MCD) in the metro area. The variation of these measures within the metropolitan area is analyzed spatially. The measures of netWork structure are then related to observed travel. Better connected netWorks have lower average travel times, all else equal. The results corroborate a relation between netWork structure and travel and point to the importance of understanding the underlying street netWork structure.
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netWork structure and the Journey to Work an intra metropolitan analysis
Research Papers in Economics, 2012Co-Authors: Pavithra Parthasarathi, David LevinsonAbstract:This paper aims to look at the variation of netWork structure within a metropolitan area and relate it to observed travel, measured here as the average travel time to Work. The Minor Civil Divisions (MCD) within the Twin Cities (Minneapolis, St. Paul) metropolitan area are chosen for this analysis. Quantitative measures, compiled from various sources, are used to capture the various aspects of netWork structure within each MCD. The variation of these measures within the metropolitan area is analyzed using spatial analyses. The measures of netWork structure are then related to observed travel using statistical regression models. The results confirm a relation between netWork structure and travel and point to the importance of understanding the underlying street netWork structure.
