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John M. Powers - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Effect of opacifiers on color stability of pigmented maxillofacial silicone A-2186 subjected to artificial aging.
Journal of Prosthodontics, 2002Co-Authors: Sudarat Kiat-amnuay, James C. Lemon, John M. PowersAbstract:PURPOSE: This study was designed to determine the effect of opacifiers used at different ratios on the color stability of pigmented A-2186 silicone maxillofacial elastomers and to evaluate the color spectrophotometrically before and after artificial aging. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty experimental groups of elastomers were made using various concentrations (5%, 10%, and 15%) of 4 opacifiers (Georgia Kaolin powder neutral, Kaolin powder calcined, Artskin white, and dry pigment titanium white) with 1 of 5 dry earth cosmetic pigment groups (no pigment [control], red, yellow ochre, burnt sienna, and a mixture of all pigments). Five specimens of each elastomer were tested, for a total of 300 specimens. All specimens were placed in an aging chamber and artificially aged by exposure to light, water spray, fluctuating temperatures, and humidity. CIE L*a*b* values were measured by spectrophotometer. The color differences (Delta E*) at various exposure energies (150, 300, and 450 kJ/m(2)) were subjected to 4-way analysis of variance with repeated measures (super ANOVA). Mean values were compared with Tukey-Kramer intervals calculated at the 0.05 significance level. RESULTS: The trained human eye can detect color changes (Delta E*) greater than 1.0. Adding all pigments to any of the Kaolin groups did not protect silicone A-2186 from color degradation over time. Mixing red pigment in all groups at all times drastically increased DeltaE* values ranging from 0.1 to 1.3 up to 16.6 to 49.6. Yellow ochre had an effect only with 10% and 15% concentrations of Kaolin powder calcined, increasing the value of Delta E* to greater than 1.0. Burnt sienna had an effect only with a 15% concentration of Kaolin powder calcined, increasing the value of Delta E* at 300 and 450 kJ/m(2) to greater than 11.0. At the 5% concentration, Kaolin powder calcined had the smallest color changes, followed by, in order, dry pigment titanium white, Artskin white, and Georgia Kaolin. At the 10% concentration, Artskin white had the smallest color changes, followed by, in order, dry pigment titanium white, Kaolin powder calcined, and Georgia Kaolin. At the 15% concentration, Artskin white again had the smallest color changes, followed by, in order, dry pigment titanium white, Georgia Kaolin, and the Kaolin powder calcined. The smallest color changes in each Kaolin group were at the 10% concentration for Artskin white, dry pigment titanium white, and Kaolin powder calcined and at the 5% concentration for Georgia Kaolin. CONCLUSIONS: Mixing dry earth cosmetic pigments with opacifiers did not protect silicone A-2186 from color degradation over time, especially in the case of red pigment. The group in which pigments were mixed with 10% Artskin white had the smallest color changes over time, followed by, in order, the groups in which pigments were mixed with 10% dry pigment titanium white, 10% Kaolin powder calcined, and 5% Georgia Kaolin. Red pigment had a significant effect on all opacifiers, especially Georgia Kaolin and Kaolin powder calcined. Yellow ochre and burnt sienna had an effect only on 15% Kaolin powder calcined. Among all the pigment groups tested, yellow ochre remained the most color stable over time.
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Effect of opacifiers on color stability of pigmented maxillofacial silicone A-2186 subjected to artificial aging
Journal of Prosthodontics, 2002Co-Authors: Sudarat Kiat-amnuay, James C. Lemon, John M. PowersAbstract:Purpose: This study was designed to determine the effect of opacifiers used at different ratios on the color stability of pigmented A-2186 silicone maxillofacial elastomers and to evaluate the color spectrophotometrically before and after artificial aging. Materials and Methods: Sixty experimental groups of elastomers were made using various concentrations (5%, 10%, and 15%) of 4 opacifiers (Georgia Kaolin powder neutral, Kaolin powder calcined, Artskin white, and dry pigment titanium white) with 1 of 5 dry earth cosmetic pigment groups (no pigment [control], red, yellow ochre, burnt sienna, and a mixture of all pigments). Five specimens of each elastomer were tested, for a total of 300 specimens. All specimens were placed in an aging chamber and artificially aged by exposure to light, water spray, fluctuating temperatures, and humidity. CIE L*a*b* values were measured by spectrophotometer. The color differences (ΔE*) at various exposure energies (150,300, and 450 kJ/m2) were subjected to 4-way analysis of variance with repeated measures (super ANOVA). Mean values were compared with Tukey-Kramer intervals calculated at the 0.05 significance level. Results: The trained human eye can detect color changes (ΔE*) greater than 1.0. Adding all pigments to any of the Kaolin groups did not protect silicone A-2186 from color degradation over time. Mixing red pigment in all groups at all times drastically increased ΔE* values ranging from 0.1 to 1.3 up to 16.6 to 49.6. Yellow ochre had an effect only with 10% and 15% concentrations of Kaolin powder calcined, increasing the value of ΔE* to greater than 1.0. Burnt sienna had an effect only with a 15% concentration of Kaolin powder calcined, increasing the value of ΔE* at 300 and 450 kJ/m2to greater than 11.0. At the 5% concentration, Kaolin powder calcined had the smallest color changes, followed by, in order, dry pigment titanium white, Artskin white, and Georgia Kaolin. At the 10% concentration, Artskin white had the smallest color changes, followed by, in order, dry pigment titanium white, Kaolin powder calcined, and Georgia Kaolin. At the 15% concentration, Artskin white again had the smallest color changes, followed by, in order, dry pigment titanium white, Georgia Kaolin, and the Kaolin powder calcined. The smallest color changes in each Kaolin group were at the 10% concentration for Artskin white, dry pigment titanium white, and Kaolin powder calcined and at the 5% concentration for Georgia Kaolin. Conclusions: Mixing dry earth cosmetic pigments with opacifiers did not protect silicone A-2186 from color degradation over time, especially in the case of red pigment. The group in which pigments were mixed with 10% Artskin white had the smallest color changes over time, followed by, in order, the groups in which pigments were mixed with 10% dry pigment titanium white, 10% Kaolin powder calcined, and 5% Georgia Kaolin. Red pigment had a significant effect on all opacifiers, especially Georgia Kaolin and Kaolin powder calcined. Yellow ochre and burnt sienna had an effect only on 15% Kaolin powder calcined. Among all the pigment groups tested, yellow ochre remained the most color stable over time. Copyright © 2002 by The American College of Prosthodontists.
Sudarat Kiat-amnuay - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Effect of opacifiers on color stability of pigmented maxillofacial silicone A-2186 subjected to artificial aging.
Journal of Prosthodontics, 2002Co-Authors: Sudarat Kiat-amnuay, James C. Lemon, John M. PowersAbstract:PURPOSE: This study was designed to determine the effect of opacifiers used at different ratios on the color stability of pigmented A-2186 silicone maxillofacial elastomers and to evaluate the color spectrophotometrically before and after artificial aging. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty experimental groups of elastomers were made using various concentrations (5%, 10%, and 15%) of 4 opacifiers (Georgia Kaolin powder neutral, Kaolin powder calcined, Artskin white, and dry pigment titanium white) with 1 of 5 dry earth cosmetic pigment groups (no pigment [control], red, yellow ochre, burnt sienna, and a mixture of all pigments). Five specimens of each elastomer were tested, for a total of 300 specimens. All specimens were placed in an aging chamber and artificially aged by exposure to light, water spray, fluctuating temperatures, and humidity. CIE L*a*b* values were measured by spectrophotometer. The color differences (Delta E*) at various exposure energies (150, 300, and 450 kJ/m(2)) were subjected to 4-way analysis of variance with repeated measures (super ANOVA). Mean values were compared with Tukey-Kramer intervals calculated at the 0.05 significance level. RESULTS: The trained human eye can detect color changes (Delta E*) greater than 1.0. Adding all pigments to any of the Kaolin groups did not protect silicone A-2186 from color degradation over time. Mixing red pigment in all groups at all times drastically increased DeltaE* values ranging from 0.1 to 1.3 up to 16.6 to 49.6. Yellow ochre had an effect only with 10% and 15% concentrations of Kaolin powder calcined, increasing the value of Delta E* to greater than 1.0. Burnt sienna had an effect only with a 15% concentration of Kaolin powder calcined, increasing the value of Delta E* at 300 and 450 kJ/m(2) to greater than 11.0. At the 5% concentration, Kaolin powder calcined had the smallest color changes, followed by, in order, dry pigment titanium white, Artskin white, and Georgia Kaolin. At the 10% concentration, Artskin white had the smallest color changes, followed by, in order, dry pigment titanium white, Kaolin powder calcined, and Georgia Kaolin. At the 15% concentration, Artskin white again had the smallest color changes, followed by, in order, dry pigment titanium white, Georgia Kaolin, and the Kaolin powder calcined. The smallest color changes in each Kaolin group were at the 10% concentration for Artskin white, dry pigment titanium white, and Kaolin powder calcined and at the 5% concentration for Georgia Kaolin. CONCLUSIONS: Mixing dry earth cosmetic pigments with opacifiers did not protect silicone A-2186 from color degradation over time, especially in the case of red pigment. The group in which pigments were mixed with 10% Artskin white had the smallest color changes over time, followed by, in order, the groups in which pigments were mixed with 10% dry pigment titanium white, 10% Kaolin powder calcined, and 5% Georgia Kaolin. Red pigment had a significant effect on all opacifiers, especially Georgia Kaolin and Kaolin powder calcined. Yellow ochre and burnt sienna had an effect only on 15% Kaolin powder calcined. Among all the pigment groups tested, yellow ochre remained the most color stable over time.
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Effect of opacifiers on color stability of pigmented maxillofacial silicone A-2186 subjected to artificial aging
Journal of Prosthodontics, 2002Co-Authors: Sudarat Kiat-amnuay, James C. Lemon, John M. PowersAbstract:Purpose: This study was designed to determine the effect of opacifiers used at different ratios on the color stability of pigmented A-2186 silicone maxillofacial elastomers and to evaluate the color spectrophotometrically before and after artificial aging. Materials and Methods: Sixty experimental groups of elastomers were made using various concentrations (5%, 10%, and 15%) of 4 opacifiers (Georgia Kaolin powder neutral, Kaolin powder calcined, Artskin white, and dry pigment titanium white) with 1 of 5 dry earth cosmetic pigment groups (no pigment [control], red, yellow ochre, burnt sienna, and a mixture of all pigments). Five specimens of each elastomer were tested, for a total of 300 specimens. All specimens were placed in an aging chamber and artificially aged by exposure to light, water spray, fluctuating temperatures, and humidity. CIE L*a*b* values were measured by spectrophotometer. The color differences (ΔE*) at various exposure energies (150,300, and 450 kJ/m2) were subjected to 4-way analysis of variance with repeated measures (super ANOVA). Mean values were compared with Tukey-Kramer intervals calculated at the 0.05 significance level. Results: The trained human eye can detect color changes (ΔE*) greater than 1.0. Adding all pigments to any of the Kaolin groups did not protect silicone A-2186 from color degradation over time. Mixing red pigment in all groups at all times drastically increased ΔE* values ranging from 0.1 to 1.3 up to 16.6 to 49.6. Yellow ochre had an effect only with 10% and 15% concentrations of Kaolin powder calcined, increasing the value of ΔE* to greater than 1.0. Burnt sienna had an effect only with a 15% concentration of Kaolin powder calcined, increasing the value of ΔE* at 300 and 450 kJ/m2to greater than 11.0. At the 5% concentration, Kaolin powder calcined had the smallest color changes, followed by, in order, dry pigment titanium white, Artskin white, and Georgia Kaolin. At the 10% concentration, Artskin white had the smallest color changes, followed by, in order, dry pigment titanium white, Kaolin powder calcined, and Georgia Kaolin. At the 15% concentration, Artskin white again had the smallest color changes, followed by, in order, dry pigment titanium white, Georgia Kaolin, and the Kaolin powder calcined. The smallest color changes in each Kaolin group were at the 10% concentration for Artskin white, dry pigment titanium white, and Kaolin powder calcined and at the 5% concentration for Georgia Kaolin. Conclusions: Mixing dry earth cosmetic pigments with opacifiers did not protect silicone A-2186 from color degradation over time, especially in the case of red pigment. The group in which pigments were mixed with 10% Artskin white had the smallest color changes over time, followed by, in order, the groups in which pigments were mixed with 10% dry pigment titanium white, 10% Kaolin powder calcined, and 5% Georgia Kaolin. Red pigment had a significant effect on all opacifiers, especially Georgia Kaolin and Kaolin powder calcined. Yellow ochre and burnt sienna had an effect only on 15% Kaolin powder calcined. Among all the pigment groups tested, yellow ochre remained the most color stable over time. Copyright © 2002 by The American College of Prosthodontists.
Sotiris Tsivilis - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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metaKaolin as supplementary cementitious material optimization of Kaolin to metaKaolin conversion
Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, 2005Co-Authors: E Badogiannis, G Kakali, Sotiris TsivilisAbstract:In this paper the optimization of the Kaolin calcination is studied, aiming at using the produced metaKaolin as supplementary cementitious material. Representative samples of poor Greek Kaolin (Milos island) and a high purity commercial Kaolin were tested. Samples were heated at different temperatures during different times. The optimization of calcination conditions was studied by DTA-TG and XRD analysis of the raw and thermal treated Kaolin samples, by pozzolanic activity analysis of metaKaolins and finally by strength development analysis of cement-metaKaolin mixtures. This approach showed that heating at 650°C for 3 h is efficient to convert poor Kaolins with low alunite content to highly reactive metaKaolins. However in the case of Kaolin with a high alunite content, thermal treatment at 850°C for 3 h is required in order to remove undesirable SO3. Evidence was found that poor Kaolins can be efficiently used for the production of highly reactive metaKaolins.
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MetaKaolin as supplementary cementitious material
Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, 2005Co-Authors: E Badogiannis, G Kakali, Sotiris TsivilisAbstract:In this paper the optimization of the Kaolin calcination is studied, aiming at using the produced metaKaolin as supplementary cementitious material. Representative samples of poor Greek Kaolin (Milos island) and a high purity commercial Kaolin were tested. Samples were heated at different temperatures during different times. The optimization of calcination conditions was studied by DTA-TG and XRD analysis of the raw and thermal treated Kaolin samples, by pozzolanic activity analysis of metaKaolins and finally by strength development analysis of cement-metaKaolin mixtures. This approach showed that heating at 650°C for 3 h is efficient to convert poor Kaolins with low alunite content to highly reactive metaKaolins. However in the case of Kaolin with a high alunite content, thermal treatment at 850°C for 3 h is required in order to remove undesirable SO3. Evidence was found that poor Kaolins can be efficiently used for the production of highly reactive metaKaolins.
James C. Lemon - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Effect of opacifiers on color stability of pigmented maxillofacial silicone A-2186 subjected to artificial aging.
Journal of Prosthodontics, 2002Co-Authors: Sudarat Kiat-amnuay, James C. Lemon, John M. PowersAbstract:PURPOSE: This study was designed to determine the effect of opacifiers used at different ratios on the color stability of pigmented A-2186 silicone maxillofacial elastomers and to evaluate the color spectrophotometrically before and after artificial aging. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty experimental groups of elastomers were made using various concentrations (5%, 10%, and 15%) of 4 opacifiers (Georgia Kaolin powder neutral, Kaolin powder calcined, Artskin white, and dry pigment titanium white) with 1 of 5 dry earth cosmetic pigment groups (no pigment [control], red, yellow ochre, burnt sienna, and a mixture of all pigments). Five specimens of each elastomer were tested, for a total of 300 specimens. All specimens were placed in an aging chamber and artificially aged by exposure to light, water spray, fluctuating temperatures, and humidity. CIE L*a*b* values were measured by spectrophotometer. The color differences (Delta E*) at various exposure energies (150, 300, and 450 kJ/m(2)) were subjected to 4-way analysis of variance with repeated measures (super ANOVA). Mean values were compared with Tukey-Kramer intervals calculated at the 0.05 significance level. RESULTS: The trained human eye can detect color changes (Delta E*) greater than 1.0. Adding all pigments to any of the Kaolin groups did not protect silicone A-2186 from color degradation over time. Mixing red pigment in all groups at all times drastically increased DeltaE* values ranging from 0.1 to 1.3 up to 16.6 to 49.6. Yellow ochre had an effect only with 10% and 15% concentrations of Kaolin powder calcined, increasing the value of Delta E* to greater than 1.0. Burnt sienna had an effect only with a 15% concentration of Kaolin powder calcined, increasing the value of Delta E* at 300 and 450 kJ/m(2) to greater than 11.0. At the 5% concentration, Kaolin powder calcined had the smallest color changes, followed by, in order, dry pigment titanium white, Artskin white, and Georgia Kaolin. At the 10% concentration, Artskin white had the smallest color changes, followed by, in order, dry pigment titanium white, Kaolin powder calcined, and Georgia Kaolin. At the 15% concentration, Artskin white again had the smallest color changes, followed by, in order, dry pigment titanium white, Georgia Kaolin, and the Kaolin powder calcined. The smallest color changes in each Kaolin group were at the 10% concentration for Artskin white, dry pigment titanium white, and Kaolin powder calcined and at the 5% concentration for Georgia Kaolin. CONCLUSIONS: Mixing dry earth cosmetic pigments with opacifiers did not protect silicone A-2186 from color degradation over time, especially in the case of red pigment. The group in which pigments were mixed with 10% Artskin white had the smallest color changes over time, followed by, in order, the groups in which pigments were mixed with 10% dry pigment titanium white, 10% Kaolin powder calcined, and 5% Georgia Kaolin. Red pigment had a significant effect on all opacifiers, especially Georgia Kaolin and Kaolin powder calcined. Yellow ochre and burnt sienna had an effect only on 15% Kaolin powder calcined. Among all the pigment groups tested, yellow ochre remained the most color stable over time.
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Effect of opacifiers on color stability of pigmented maxillofacial silicone A-2186 subjected to artificial aging
Journal of Prosthodontics, 2002Co-Authors: Sudarat Kiat-amnuay, James C. Lemon, John M. PowersAbstract:Purpose: This study was designed to determine the effect of opacifiers used at different ratios on the color stability of pigmented A-2186 silicone maxillofacial elastomers and to evaluate the color spectrophotometrically before and after artificial aging. Materials and Methods: Sixty experimental groups of elastomers were made using various concentrations (5%, 10%, and 15%) of 4 opacifiers (Georgia Kaolin powder neutral, Kaolin powder calcined, Artskin white, and dry pigment titanium white) with 1 of 5 dry earth cosmetic pigment groups (no pigment [control], red, yellow ochre, burnt sienna, and a mixture of all pigments). Five specimens of each elastomer were tested, for a total of 300 specimens. All specimens were placed in an aging chamber and artificially aged by exposure to light, water spray, fluctuating temperatures, and humidity. CIE L*a*b* values were measured by spectrophotometer. The color differences (ΔE*) at various exposure energies (150,300, and 450 kJ/m2) were subjected to 4-way analysis of variance with repeated measures (super ANOVA). Mean values were compared with Tukey-Kramer intervals calculated at the 0.05 significance level. Results: The trained human eye can detect color changes (ΔE*) greater than 1.0. Adding all pigments to any of the Kaolin groups did not protect silicone A-2186 from color degradation over time. Mixing red pigment in all groups at all times drastically increased ΔE* values ranging from 0.1 to 1.3 up to 16.6 to 49.6. Yellow ochre had an effect only with 10% and 15% concentrations of Kaolin powder calcined, increasing the value of ΔE* to greater than 1.0. Burnt sienna had an effect only with a 15% concentration of Kaolin powder calcined, increasing the value of ΔE* at 300 and 450 kJ/m2to greater than 11.0. At the 5% concentration, Kaolin powder calcined had the smallest color changes, followed by, in order, dry pigment titanium white, Artskin white, and Georgia Kaolin. At the 10% concentration, Artskin white had the smallest color changes, followed by, in order, dry pigment titanium white, Kaolin powder calcined, and Georgia Kaolin. At the 15% concentration, Artskin white again had the smallest color changes, followed by, in order, dry pigment titanium white, Georgia Kaolin, and the Kaolin powder calcined. The smallest color changes in each Kaolin group were at the 10% concentration for Artskin white, dry pigment titanium white, and Kaolin powder calcined and at the 5% concentration for Georgia Kaolin. Conclusions: Mixing dry earth cosmetic pigments with opacifiers did not protect silicone A-2186 from color degradation over time, especially in the case of red pigment. The group in which pigments were mixed with 10% Artskin white had the smallest color changes over time, followed by, in order, the groups in which pigments were mixed with 10% dry pigment titanium white, 10% Kaolin powder calcined, and 5% Georgia Kaolin. Red pigment had a significant effect on all opacifiers, especially Georgia Kaolin and Kaolin powder calcined. Yellow ochre and burnt sienna had an effect only on 15% Kaolin powder calcined. Among all the pigment groups tested, yellow ochre remained the most color stable over time. Copyright © 2002 by The American College of Prosthodontists.
Alvaro Goyanes - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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chitosan Kaolin coprecipitate as disintegrant in microcrystalline cellulose based pellets elaborated by extrusion spheronization
Pharmaceutical Development and Technology, 2013Co-Authors: Alvaro Goyanes, Consuelo Souto, R MartinezpachecoAbstract:The usefulness of a coprecipitate of chitosan and Kaolin as disintegrant in the pellets of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) and hydrochlorothiazide (HCT) (as a model of poorly water-soluble drug) produced by extrusion-spheronization was evaluated in this study. The effectiveness of chitosan-Kaolin coprecipitate to increase the dissolution rate was compared with that of Kaolin and chitosan. A possible synergy effect was also evaluated between the coprecipitate, Kaolin or chitosan and sorbitol, added to the pellets as a very water-soluble diluent. The chitosan-Kaolin coprecipitate, the Kaolin or the chitosan allowed pellets to be obtained of adequate size, roundness, mechanical strength and flow properties. Furthermore, the incorporation of chitosan-Kaolin coprecipitate or chitosan significantly increased the dissolution rate of HCT independently of the sorbitol content. The effects on the dissolution of HCT derived from the incorporation of coprecipitate to the pellets can be attributed to its content of chitosan. However, the addition of Kaolin into the pellets did not significantly affect the HCT dissolution process. The pellets incorporating coprecipitated chitosan-Kaolin or chitosan and the maximum proportion of sorbitol (50%) led to the highest HCT dissolution rate and experienced a rapid and complete disintegration in the dissolution medium.
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chitosan Kaolin coprecipitate as disintegrant in microcrystalline cellulose based pellets elaborated by extrusion spheronization
Pharmaceutical Development and Technology, 2013Co-Authors: Alvaro Goyanes, Consuelo Souto, R MartinezpachecoAbstract:The usefulness of a coprecipitate of chitosan and Kaolin as disintegrant in the pellets of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) and hydrochlorothiazide (HCT) (as a model of poorly water-soluble drug) produced by extrusion–spheronization was evaluated in this study. The effectiveness of chitosan–Kaolin coprecipitate to increase the dissolution rate was compared with that of Kaolin and chitosan. A possible synergy effect was also evaluated between the coprecipitate, Kaolin or chitosan and sorbitol, added to the pellets as a very water-soluble diluent. The chitosan–Kaolin coprecipitate, the Kaolin or the chitosan allowed pellets to be obtained of adequate size, roundness, mechanical strength and flow properties. Furthermore, the incorporation of chitosan–Kaolin coprecipitate or chitosan significantly increased the dissolution rate of HCT independently of the sorbitol content. The effects on the dissolution of HCT derived from the incorporation of coprecipitate to the pellets can be attributed to its content of c...
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Chitosan–Kaolin coprecipitate as disintegrant in microcrystalline cellulose-based pellets elaborated by extrusion–spheronization
Pharmaceutical Development and Technology, 2012Co-Authors: Alvaro Goyanes, Consuelo Souto, Ramón Martínez-pachecoAbstract:The usefulness of a coprecipitate of chitosan and Kaolin as disintegrant in the pellets of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) and hydrochlorothiazide (HCT) (as a model of poorly water-soluble drug) produced by extrusion–spheronization was evaluated in this study. The effectiveness of chitosan–Kaolin coprecipitate to increase the dissolution rate was compared with that of Kaolin and chitosan. A possible synergy effect was also evaluated between the coprecipitate, Kaolin or chitosan and sorbitol, added to the pellets as a very water-soluble diluent. The chitosan–Kaolin coprecipitate, the Kaolin or the chitosan allowed pellets to be obtained of adequate size, roundness, mechanical strength and flow properties. Furthermore, the incorporation of chitosan–Kaolin coprecipitate or chitosan significantly increased the dissolution rate of HCT independently of the sorbitol content. The effects on the dissolution of HCT derived from the incorporation of coprecipitate to the pellets can be attributed to its content of c...