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Anicia Q. Hurtado - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the comparative efficiency of a brown algal derived biostimulant extract ampep with and without supplemented pgrs the induction of direct axis shoots as applied to the propagation of vegetative seedlings for the successful mass cultivation of three c
Journal of Applied Phycology, 2018Co-Authors: Suhaimi Md Yasir, Alan T Critchley, Majid Khan Majahar Ali, Mohd Zaidey Bin Sani, Anicia Q. HurtadoAbstract:Three strains of Kappaphycus spp. (viz. K. alvarezii tambalang brown and green and K. striatus sacol green) were used in the present study to optimize the use of Ascophyllum (Acadian) marine plant extract powder (AMPEP) as a culture medium ingredient acting as a biostimulant, applied with, and without, the addition of terrestrial plant growth regulators (PGRs). This was undertaken in order to develop management tools and best practice recommendations for the mass production of new plantlets (seedlings) for industrial, nursery, and out-planting purposes in eastern Malaysia, Sabah, and Peninsular Malaysia (i.e., Langkawi, Kedah and Batu Maung, Penang). After 45 days of laboratory incubation, the three strains tested demonstrated their best performances at 3 mg L−1 of AMPEP, supplemented with PGR. This evaluation was based on the longest direct axes formed, the shortest time to their appearance, and also their highest percentage emergence. Kappaphycus alvarezii (tambalang green) had the longest direct axes (7.0 ± 0.23 mm), followed by K. alvarezii (tambalang brown) at (6.4 ± 0.48 mm) and finally K. striatus (sacol green). In terms of the highest percentage of direct axes formed, K. alvarezii (tambalang brown), K. alvarezii (tambalang green), and K. striatus (sacol green) were recorded as follows: 100 ± 0.00, 99 ± 1.34, and 98 ± 2.66, respectively. The shortest duration taken for the emergence of direct axes was observed in K. alvarezii (tambalang green) followed by tambalang brown and K. striatus (sacol green) on days 9, 10, and 15, respectively. The use of a brown seaweed-derived extract acting as a biostimulant and as the main ingredient of the culture medium for the micropropagation of three strains of Kappaphycus was highly encouraging and one which may be promoted as a protocol for the economic and commercial mass production of new plantlets (asexual seedlings) which are an urgent requirement for Malaysian seaweed farming to meet its full potential.
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Biodiversity, Biogeography and Molecular Genetics of the Commercially Important Genera Kappaphycus and Eucheuma
Tropical Seaweed Farming Trends Problems and Opportunities, 2017Co-Authors: Ji Tan, Phaik-eem Lim, Siew-moi Phang, Anicia Q. HurtadoAbstract:Through the years, several strains and color morphotypes of Kappaphycus and Eucheuma have emerged in cultivation areas as a result of environmental and anthropogenic factors. This led to confusion in nomenclature of these seaweeds. However, the advent of molecular technology has brought notable changes to seaweed research over the past two decades. New molecular techniques have proved useful, particularly in the molecular identification and cataloging of economically important carrageenophytes, i.e. Kappaphycus and Eucheuma which were commercially introduced into many countries worldwide. The following chapter discusses the application and findings of molecular studies within the context of these red seaweeds, along with potential areas for future research.
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Tropical Seaweed Farming Trends, Problems and Opportunities - The Cultivation of Kappaphycus and Eucheuma in Tropical and Sub-Tropical Waters
2017Co-Authors: Daniel Robledo, Anicia Q. Hurtado, Flower E. Msuya, Leila Hayashi, Beatriz Castelar, Suhaimi Md Yasir, K. Eswaran, Alex Alves Dos Santos, Renata Perpetuo Reis, Majid Khan Majahar AliAbstract:Kappaphycus and Eucheuma species have been successfully cultivated in Southeast Asia since the early 1970s. The increasing global demand for carrageenan in processed foods and thereby the need for industrial-scales of biomass to be provided to feed an extraction industry, exceeded wild stock availability and productivity and commercial demands could only be achieved through extensive cultivation of selected carrageenophytes. This unprecedented situation led to the introduction of carrageenophyte species and cultivars around the world; combined production of Eucheuma and Kappaphycus is one of the largest for seaweed biomass in the world.
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the cultivation of Kappaphycus and eucheuma in tropical and sub tropical waters
2017Co-Authors: Daniel Robledo, Anicia Q. Hurtado, Flower E. Msuya, Leila Hayashi, Beatriz Castelar, Suhaimi Md Yasir, K. Eswaran, Alex Alves Dos Santos, Renata Perpetuo Reis, Majid Khan Majahar AliAbstract:Kappaphycus and Eucheuma species have been successfully cultivated in Southeast Asia since the early 1970s. The increasing global demand for carrageenan in processed foods and thereby the need for industrial-scales of biomass to be provided to feed an extraction industry, exceeded wild stock availability and productivity and commercial demands could only be achieved through extensive cultivation of selected carrageenophytes. This unprecedented situation led to the introduction of carrageenophyte species and cultivars around the world; combined production of Eucheuma and Kappaphycus is one of the largest for seaweed biomass in the world.
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Developments in production technology of Kappaphycus in the Philippines: more than four decades of farming
Journal of Applied Phycology, 2015Co-Authors: Anicia Q. Hurtado, Iain C. Neish, Alan T CritchleyAbstract:Kappaphycus is one of the most significant, economically valuable red seaweeds, cultivated in tropical and subtropical waters. This alga demands a relatively high market value globally, due to applications of the kappa carrageenan colloid that is industrially extracted from the biomass. Carrageenan is widely used in food, pharmaceuticals, and nutraceuticals and for aquaculture applications. The first successful commercial cultivation of Kappaphycus (previously called Eucheuma) was recorded from the southern Philippines in the late 1960s using the line and stake method. Dramatic production increases were achieved, with the Philippines being the leading producer of Kappaphycus for more than 30 years, until it was overtaken by Indonesia (in approximately 2008). By 1988, Kappaphycus farming became widespread in Indonesia, and efforts have been undertaken to spread Kappaphycus farming to more than 30 countries worldwide. Since 2008 Kappaphycus production steadily rose in Indonesia, but production from the Philippines has tended to decline since 2011. Research and development (R&D) initiatives focusing on Kappaphycus in the Philippines emphasized the means to increase productivity and solutions to issues causing declining production. R&D focusing on Kappaphycus cultivars in the Philippines was made through the National Seaweed R&D Program. Several institutions and research centers took major steps to achieve these objectives. There were significant and relevant results obtained in studies of molecular taxonomy, factors affecting sporulation, tissue culture and mutagenesis, protoplast isolation, strain selection, mitigation of ‘ice–ice’ malaise and Neosiphonia infestations. A recent development in Kappaphycus farming was the discovery that use of an extract from a brown seaweed acts as a biostimulant to improve tolerance of cultivars to abiotic stresses. Problems and challenges encountered in the production of Kappaphycus, even after more than 40 years of farming, but which needed to be overcome, are discussed.
Alan T Critchley - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the comparative efficiency of a brown algal derived biostimulant extract ampep with and without supplemented pgrs the induction of direct axis shoots as applied to the propagation of vegetative seedlings for the successful mass cultivation of three c
Journal of Applied Phycology, 2018Co-Authors: Suhaimi Md Yasir, Alan T Critchley, Majid Khan Majahar Ali, Mohd Zaidey Bin Sani, Anicia Q. HurtadoAbstract:Three strains of Kappaphycus spp. (viz. K. alvarezii tambalang brown and green and K. striatus sacol green) were used in the present study to optimize the use of Ascophyllum (Acadian) marine plant extract powder (AMPEP) as a culture medium ingredient acting as a biostimulant, applied with, and without, the addition of terrestrial plant growth regulators (PGRs). This was undertaken in order to develop management tools and best practice recommendations for the mass production of new plantlets (seedlings) for industrial, nursery, and out-planting purposes in eastern Malaysia, Sabah, and Peninsular Malaysia (i.e., Langkawi, Kedah and Batu Maung, Penang). After 45 days of laboratory incubation, the three strains tested demonstrated their best performances at 3 mg L−1 of AMPEP, supplemented with PGR. This evaluation was based on the longest direct axes formed, the shortest time to their appearance, and also their highest percentage emergence. Kappaphycus alvarezii (tambalang green) had the longest direct axes (7.0 ± 0.23 mm), followed by K. alvarezii (tambalang brown) at (6.4 ± 0.48 mm) and finally K. striatus (sacol green). In terms of the highest percentage of direct axes formed, K. alvarezii (tambalang brown), K. alvarezii (tambalang green), and K. striatus (sacol green) were recorded as follows: 100 ± 0.00, 99 ± 1.34, and 98 ± 2.66, respectively. The shortest duration taken for the emergence of direct axes was observed in K. alvarezii (tambalang green) followed by tambalang brown and K. striatus (sacol green) on days 9, 10, and 15, respectively. The use of a brown seaweed-derived extract acting as a biostimulant and as the main ingredient of the culture medium for the micropropagation of three strains of Kappaphycus was highly encouraging and one which may be promoted as a protocol for the economic and commercial mass production of new plantlets (asexual seedlings) which are an urgent requirement for Malaysian seaweed farming to meet its full potential.
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Developments in production technology of Kappaphycus in the Philippines: more than four decades of farming
Journal of Applied Phycology, 2015Co-Authors: Anicia Q. Hurtado, Iain C. Neish, Alan T CritchleyAbstract:Kappaphycus is one of the most significant, economically valuable red seaweeds, cultivated in tropical and subtropical waters. This alga demands a relatively high market value globally, due to applications of the kappa carrageenan colloid that is industrially extracted from the biomass. Carrageenan is widely used in food, pharmaceuticals, and nutraceuticals and for aquaculture applications. The first successful commercial cultivation of Kappaphycus (previously called Eucheuma) was recorded from the southern Philippines in the late 1960s using the line and stake method. Dramatic production increases were achieved, with the Philippines being the leading producer of Kappaphycus for more than 30 years, until it was overtaken by Indonesia (in approximately 2008). By 1988, Kappaphycus farming became widespread in Indonesia, and efforts have been undertaken to spread Kappaphycus farming to more than 30 countries worldwide. Since 2008 Kappaphycus production steadily rose in Indonesia, but production from the Philippines has tended to decline since 2011. Research and development (R&D) initiatives focusing on Kappaphycus in the Philippines emphasized the means to increase productivity and solutions to issues causing declining production. R&D focusing on Kappaphycus cultivars in the Philippines was made through the National Seaweed R&D Program. Several institutions and research centers took major steps to achieve these objectives. There were significant and relevant results obtained in studies of molecular taxonomy, factors affecting sporulation, tissue culture and mutagenesis, protoplast isolation, strain selection, mitigation of ‘ice–ice’ malaise and Neosiphonia infestations. A recent development in Kappaphycus farming was the discovery that use of an extract from a brown seaweed acts as a biostimulant to improve tolerance of cultivars to abiotic stresses. Problems and challenges encountered in the production of Kappaphycus, even after more than 40 years of farming, but which needed to be overcome, are discussed.
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Seasonal variation in growth rates and carrageenan properties of Kappaphycus alvarezii and Eucheuma denticulatum cultivated with and without additional nutrients, in Uroa, Zanzibar, Tanzania
2012Co-Authors: Flower E. Msuya, Margareth S. Kyewalyanga, Genevieve Bleicher-lhonneur, Tatiana Lampin, Jean-pierre Lhonneur, Jacques Andre Christian Mazoyer, Alan T CritchleyAbstract:Kappaphycus alvarezii and Eucheuma denticulatum were cultivated under two treatments: with & without additional nutrients in Uroa, Zanzibar. The seaweeds were cultivated for 8 weeks (total of 15 weeks) in contrast to the 4-6 weeks normally used by farmers. Water column nutrients were 8-17μM total ammonia nitrogen & 2-38 μM soluble reactive phosphate. There were no significant differences in specific growth rates of fertilised & unfertilised seaweeds (P>0.05). However, during heavy rains & high surface seawater temperatures there were significant differences between the two treatments for both species (P 0.05) were found in carrageenan yield, dry matter, iota carrageenan percentage, and viscosity between fertilised and unfertilised treatments. Seasonal variations showed lower carrageenan yield & dry matter during heavy rains and higher values at the end of rainy season. Seaweed farmers in Tanzania could use a lower stocking density for higher seaweed biomass production & cultivate seaweeds for longer periods to satisfy customers in the carrageenan industry if so desired. Keywords : Seaweed growth, carrageenan properties, nutrients, Eucheuma , Kappaphycus , Zanzibar, Tanzania
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Impact of AMPEP on the growth and occurrence of epiphytic Neosiphonia infestation on two varieties of commercially cultivated Kappaphycus alvarezii grown at different depths in the Philippines
Journal of Applied Phycology, 2011Co-Authors: Iris Ann G. Borlongan, Anicia Q. Hurtado, Dianne Aster Yunque, Keneth Tibubos, Alan T CritchleyAbstract:Two varieties of the carrageenophyte Kappaphycus alvarezii (Tungawan, TUNG; and Giant tambalang, GTAM) from Zamboanga Sibugay, Philippines were used to test the efficacy of Acadian Marine Plant Extract Powder (AMPEP) as source of nutrients for growth, and to determine if applications had any effect on the percent occurrence of an epiphytic infestation of the red alga Neosiphonia sp. at four different depths in the sea. Results showed that the use of AMPEP significantly (P < 0.05) increased the growth rate of both Kappaphycus varieties tested but decreased the percent occurrence of Neosiphonia sp. The percent occurrence of Neosiphonia sp. infection (6–50% at all depths) of both Kappaphycus varieties with AMPEP treatment was significantly lower than the controls (i.e., 10–75% at all depths). Both the growth rate of the cultivated seaweed and the percent occurrence of the epiphytes decreased as the cultivation depth increased. Plants dipped in AMPEP and suspended at the surface had the highest growth rates (i.e., 4.1%, TUNG; 3.1%, GTAM) after 45 days; those without AMPEP dipping had the highest percent occurrence of Neosiphonia infection (viz. 70–75%). The occurrence of Neosiphonia infestation was found to be correlated with changes in irradiance and salinity at the depths observed. The results suggested that both varieties of K. alvarezii used in this study have the fastest growth rate when grown immediately at the water surface. However, in order to minimize damage caused by the occurrence of epiphytic Neosiphonia, K. alvarezii should be grown within a depth range of 50–100 cm. These observations are important for the improved management of Kappaphycus for commercial farming. Furthermore, the use of AMPEP treatments for enhancement of growth and reduction deleterious Neosiphonia sp. infections is encouraging.
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Use of Acadian marine plant extract powder from Ascophyllum nodosum in tissue culture of Kappaphycus varieties
Journal of Applied Phycology, 2008Co-Authors: Anicia Q. Hurtado, Dianne Aster Yunque, Keneth Tibubos, Alan T CritchleyAbstract:Three varieties of Kappaphycus alvarezii (Kapilaran, KAP), Tambalang purple (PUR), Adik-adik (AA), and one variety of Kappaphycus striatum var. sacol (green sacol (GS) were used to determine the efficiency of Acadian marine plant extract powder (AMPEP) as a culture medium at different concentrations, for the regeneration of young plants of Kappaphycus varieties, using tissue culture techniques for the production of seed stock for nursery and outplanting purposes for the commercial cultivation of carrageenophytes. A shorter duration for shoot formation was observed when the explant was treated with AMPEP + Plant Growth Regulator (PGR = PAA + zeatin at 1 mg L^−1) compared to AMPEP when used singly. However, four explants responded differently to the number of days required for shoot formation. The KAP variety took 46 days to form shoots at 3–4 mg L^−1 AMPEP + PGR; while PUR required 21 days at 3–5 mg L^−1 AMPEP and 3–4 mg L^−1 AMPEP + PGR. AA required 17 days at 3–5 mg L^−1 AMPEP and AMPEP + PGR; and GS 25 days at 1 mg L^−1 AMPEP + PGR. It was observed that among the four explants used, PUR and AA initiated shoot formation with the use of AMPEP only at higher concentrations (3–5 mg L^−1) after a shorter period. Only PUR responded positively to ESS/2 for shoot initiation. The use of AMPEP alone and/or in combination with PGR as a culture medium in the propagation of microplantlets using tissue culture technique is highly encouraging.
Majid Khan Majahar Ali - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the comparative efficiency of a brown algal derived biostimulant extract ampep with and without supplemented pgrs the induction of direct axis shoots as applied to the propagation of vegetative seedlings for the successful mass cultivation of three c
Journal of Applied Phycology, 2018Co-Authors: Suhaimi Md Yasir, Alan T Critchley, Majid Khan Majahar Ali, Mohd Zaidey Bin Sani, Anicia Q. HurtadoAbstract:Three strains of Kappaphycus spp. (viz. K. alvarezii tambalang brown and green and K. striatus sacol green) were used in the present study to optimize the use of Ascophyllum (Acadian) marine plant extract powder (AMPEP) as a culture medium ingredient acting as a biostimulant, applied with, and without, the addition of terrestrial plant growth regulators (PGRs). This was undertaken in order to develop management tools and best practice recommendations for the mass production of new plantlets (seedlings) for industrial, nursery, and out-planting purposes in eastern Malaysia, Sabah, and Peninsular Malaysia (i.e., Langkawi, Kedah and Batu Maung, Penang). After 45 days of laboratory incubation, the three strains tested demonstrated their best performances at 3 mg L−1 of AMPEP, supplemented with PGR. This evaluation was based on the longest direct axes formed, the shortest time to their appearance, and also their highest percentage emergence. Kappaphycus alvarezii (tambalang green) had the longest direct axes (7.0 ± 0.23 mm), followed by K. alvarezii (tambalang brown) at (6.4 ± 0.48 mm) and finally K. striatus (sacol green). In terms of the highest percentage of direct axes formed, K. alvarezii (tambalang brown), K. alvarezii (tambalang green), and K. striatus (sacol green) were recorded as follows: 100 ± 0.00, 99 ± 1.34, and 98 ± 2.66, respectively. The shortest duration taken for the emergence of direct axes was observed in K. alvarezii (tambalang green) followed by tambalang brown and K. striatus (sacol green) on days 9, 10, and 15, respectively. The use of a brown seaweed-derived extract acting as a biostimulant and as the main ingredient of the culture medium for the micropropagation of three strains of Kappaphycus was highly encouraging and one which may be promoted as a protocol for the economic and commercial mass production of new plantlets (asexual seedlings) which are an urgent requirement for Malaysian seaweed farming to meet its full potential.
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Tropical Seaweed Farming Trends, Problems and Opportunities - The Cultivation of Kappaphycus and Eucheuma in Tropical and Sub-Tropical Waters
2017Co-Authors: Daniel Robledo, Anicia Q. Hurtado, Flower E. Msuya, Leila Hayashi, Beatriz Castelar, Suhaimi Md Yasir, K. Eswaran, Alex Alves Dos Santos, Renata Perpetuo Reis, Majid Khan Majahar AliAbstract:Kappaphycus and Eucheuma species have been successfully cultivated in Southeast Asia since the early 1970s. The increasing global demand for carrageenan in processed foods and thereby the need for industrial-scales of biomass to be provided to feed an extraction industry, exceeded wild stock availability and productivity and commercial demands could only be achieved through extensive cultivation of selected carrageenophytes. This unprecedented situation led to the introduction of carrageenophyte species and cultivars around the world; combined production of Eucheuma and Kappaphycus is one of the largest for seaweed biomass in the world.
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the cultivation of Kappaphycus and eucheuma in tropical and sub tropical waters
2017Co-Authors: Daniel Robledo, Anicia Q. Hurtado, Flower E. Msuya, Leila Hayashi, Beatriz Castelar, Suhaimi Md Yasir, K. Eswaran, Alex Alves Dos Santos, Renata Perpetuo Reis, Majid Khan Majahar AliAbstract:Kappaphycus and Eucheuma species have been successfully cultivated in Southeast Asia since the early 1970s. The increasing global demand for carrageenan in processed foods and thereby the need for industrial-scales of biomass to be provided to feed an extraction industry, exceeded wild stock availability and productivity and commercial demands could only be achieved through extensive cultivation of selected carrageenophytes. This unprecedented situation led to the introduction of carrageenophyte species and cultivars around the world; combined production of Eucheuma and Kappaphycus is one of the largest for seaweed biomass in the world.
Suhaimi Md Yasir - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the comparative efficiency of a brown algal derived biostimulant extract ampep with and without supplemented pgrs the induction of direct axis shoots as applied to the propagation of vegetative seedlings for the successful mass cultivation of three c
Journal of Applied Phycology, 2018Co-Authors: Suhaimi Md Yasir, Alan T Critchley, Majid Khan Majahar Ali, Mohd Zaidey Bin Sani, Anicia Q. HurtadoAbstract:Three strains of Kappaphycus spp. (viz. K. alvarezii tambalang brown and green and K. striatus sacol green) were used in the present study to optimize the use of Ascophyllum (Acadian) marine plant extract powder (AMPEP) as a culture medium ingredient acting as a biostimulant, applied with, and without, the addition of terrestrial plant growth regulators (PGRs). This was undertaken in order to develop management tools and best practice recommendations for the mass production of new plantlets (seedlings) for industrial, nursery, and out-planting purposes in eastern Malaysia, Sabah, and Peninsular Malaysia (i.e., Langkawi, Kedah and Batu Maung, Penang). After 45 days of laboratory incubation, the three strains tested demonstrated their best performances at 3 mg L−1 of AMPEP, supplemented with PGR. This evaluation was based on the longest direct axes formed, the shortest time to their appearance, and also their highest percentage emergence. Kappaphycus alvarezii (tambalang green) had the longest direct axes (7.0 ± 0.23 mm), followed by K. alvarezii (tambalang brown) at (6.4 ± 0.48 mm) and finally K. striatus (sacol green). In terms of the highest percentage of direct axes formed, K. alvarezii (tambalang brown), K. alvarezii (tambalang green), and K. striatus (sacol green) were recorded as follows: 100 ± 0.00, 99 ± 1.34, and 98 ± 2.66, respectively. The shortest duration taken for the emergence of direct axes was observed in K. alvarezii (tambalang green) followed by tambalang brown and K. striatus (sacol green) on days 9, 10, and 15, respectively. The use of a brown seaweed-derived extract acting as a biostimulant and as the main ingredient of the culture medium for the micropropagation of three strains of Kappaphycus was highly encouraging and one which may be promoted as a protocol for the economic and commercial mass production of new plantlets (asexual seedlings) which are an urgent requirement for Malaysian seaweed farming to meet its full potential.
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Tropical Seaweed Farming Trends, Problems and Opportunities - The Cultivation of Kappaphycus and Eucheuma in Tropical and Sub-Tropical Waters
2017Co-Authors: Daniel Robledo, Anicia Q. Hurtado, Flower E. Msuya, Leila Hayashi, Beatriz Castelar, Suhaimi Md Yasir, K. Eswaran, Alex Alves Dos Santos, Renata Perpetuo Reis, Majid Khan Majahar AliAbstract:Kappaphycus and Eucheuma species have been successfully cultivated in Southeast Asia since the early 1970s. The increasing global demand for carrageenan in processed foods and thereby the need for industrial-scales of biomass to be provided to feed an extraction industry, exceeded wild stock availability and productivity and commercial demands could only be achieved through extensive cultivation of selected carrageenophytes. This unprecedented situation led to the introduction of carrageenophyte species and cultivars around the world; combined production of Eucheuma and Kappaphycus is one of the largest for seaweed biomass in the world.
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the cultivation of Kappaphycus and eucheuma in tropical and sub tropical waters
2017Co-Authors: Daniel Robledo, Anicia Q. Hurtado, Flower E. Msuya, Leila Hayashi, Beatriz Castelar, Suhaimi Md Yasir, K. Eswaran, Alex Alves Dos Santos, Renata Perpetuo Reis, Majid Khan Majahar AliAbstract:Kappaphycus and Eucheuma species have been successfully cultivated in Southeast Asia since the early 1970s. The increasing global demand for carrageenan in processed foods and thereby the need for industrial-scales of biomass to be provided to feed an extraction industry, exceeded wild stock availability and productivity and commercial demands could only be achieved through extensive cultivation of selected carrageenophytes. This unprecedented situation led to the introduction of carrageenophyte species and cultivars around the world; combined production of Eucheuma and Kappaphycus is one of the largest for seaweed biomass in the world.
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Copper (II) and Nickel (II) Sorption onto Seaweed (Kappaphycus alvarezii) Waste Biomass: Equilibrium and Mechanism Studies
2011Co-Authors: Oon Lee Kang, Suhaimi Md Yasir, Nazaruddin Ramli, Mamot Said, Musa Ahmad, Arbakariya B. AriffAbstract:Cu (II) and Ni (II) sorption were investigated using seaweed (Kappaphycus alvarezii) waste biomass. The metal sorption experiments were conducted at different pH values (pH 2-6) and initial metal concentrations (10-50 mg/L). The equilibrium sorption data were fitted to Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms and the isotherm parameters were evaluated at different initial metal concentrations. The metal sorption capacities were found to be pH dependent and increased with initial metal concentration. The maximum observed Cu (II) and Ni (II) sorption capacities (Q ) were 4.5872 and 12.3460 mg/g (according to the Langmuir isotherm). The metal max sorption mechanisms were determined to be ion exchange and complexation. In combination, Kappaphycus alvarezii waste biomass represents a cost-effective and efficient metal sorbent to remove metal ions.
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Kappaphycus alvarezii waste biomass: A potential biosorbent for chromium ions removal
Journal of environmental sciences (China), 2011Co-Authors: Oon Lee Kang, Suhaimi Md Yasir, Nazaruddin Ramli, Mamot Said, Musa Ahmad, Arbakariya B. AriffAbstract:The Cr(III) sorption experiments onto Kappaphycus alvarezii waste biomass were conducted at different pH values (2-6) under the conditions of initial metal concentration of 10-50 mg/L and the chemical compositions of Cr-Cu and Cr-Cd. The Cr(III) sorption capacities were slightly dependent on pH, and the maximum sorption capacity was 0.86 mg/g at pH 3. The sorption capacities increased with increase in the initial metal concentration, whereas it was suppressed by the presence of Cu(II) and Cd(III) in the solution. The Cr(III) sorption equilibrium was evaluated using Langmuir, Freundlich and BET isotherms. The sorption mechanisms were characterised using scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The main mechanisms were ion exchange coupled with a complexation mechanism. Kappaphycus alvarezii waste biomass represents a potential for Cr(III) ion removal from aqueous solution.
Siew-moi Phang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Impacts of Climate change on Eucheuma-Kappaphycus Farming
Tropical Seaweed Farming Trends Problems and Opportunities, 2017Co-Authors: Danilo B. Largo, Siew-moi Phang, Grevo S. Gerung, Ik Kyo Chung, Calvyn F. A. SondakAbstract:Climate change impacts all forms of life – including seaweeds! For farmed Eucheuma/Kappaphycus the direct and indirect impacts have caused not only physical damage to the crops but has also affected the eco-physiological, reproductive and metabolic processes of the seaweed. As a result of their importance as sources of different types of carrageenan, Eucheuma (iota)/Kappaphycus (kappa) have spread, through facilitated transfer, from its original tropical farming sites in the Philippines, across several localities in the Pacific, Atlantic and Indian Oceans. Ocean warming has caused the ‘tropicalization’ of sub-tropical waters of northeast Asia and South America, and more areas are becoming increasingly conducive to Eucheuma/Kappaphycus farming. Increases in surface seawater temperatures could have deleterious effects on reproductive capacity, including spore production, germination, recruitment and growth which, coupled with the long-practiced clonal propagation, have resulted in the declining productivity and quality of extracted colloids. Global climate change and anomalous climatic events such as El Nino and La Nina have increased the susceptibility of the selected cultivars of farmed eucheumatoids to bacterial pathogens as a result of stressful abiotic conditions which are conducive to ‘ice-ice’ disease and damaging impacts of epiphytism which have combined and literally wiped out activity in some farms. Typhoons and storms, as well as heavy rainfall during the wet season, increased in intensity by climate change, have also destroyed farms resulting in the loss of investments and income for those workers dependent on seaweed cultivation as a cash generating activity.
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Biodiversity, Biogeography and Molecular Genetics of the Commercially Important Genera Kappaphycus and Eucheuma
Tropical Seaweed Farming Trends Problems and Opportunities, 2017Co-Authors: Ji Tan, Phaik-eem Lim, Siew-moi Phang, Anicia Q. HurtadoAbstract:Through the years, several strains and color morphotypes of Kappaphycus and Eucheuma have emerged in cultivation areas as a result of environmental and anthropogenic factors. This led to confusion in nomenclature of these seaweeds. However, the advent of molecular technology has brought notable changes to seaweed research over the past two decades. New molecular techniques have proved useful, particularly in the molecular identification and cataloging of economically important carrageenophytes, i.e. Kappaphycus and Eucheuma which were commercially introduced into many countries worldwide. The following chapter discusses the application and findings of molecular studies within the context of these red seaweeds, along with potential areas for future research.
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Impacts of Climate changeon Eucheuma-Kappaphycus Farming
2017Co-Authors: Danilo B. Largo, Siew-moi Phang, Grevo S. Gerung, Ik Kyo Chung, Calvyn F. A. SondakAbstract:Climate change impacts all forms of life – including seaweeds! For farmed Eucheuma/Kappaphycus the direct and indirect impacts have caused not only physical damage to the crops but has also affected the eco-physiological, reproductive and metabolic processes of the seaweed. As a result of their importance as sources of different types of carrageenan, Eucheuma (iota)/Kappaphycus (kappa) have spread, through facilitated transfer, from its original tropical farming sites in the Philippines, across several localities in the Pacific, Atlantic and Indian Oceans. Ocean warming has caused the ‘tropicalization’ of sub-tropical waters of northeast Asia and South America, and more areas are becoming increasingly conducive to Eucheuma/Kappaphycus farming. Increases in surface seawater temperatures could have deleterious effects on reproductive capacity, including spore production, germination, recruitment and growth which, coupled with the long-practiced clonal propagation, have resulted in the declining productivity and quality of extracted colloids. Global climate change and anomalous climatic events such as El Nino and La Nina have increased the susceptibility of the selected cultivars of farmed eucheumatoids to bacterial pathogens as a result of stressful abiotic conditions which are conducive to ‘ice-ice’ disease and damaging impacts of epiphytism which have combined and literally wiped out activity in some farms. Typhoons and storms, as well as heavy rainfall during the wet season, increased in intensity by climate change, have also destroyed farms resulting in the loss of investments and income for those workers dependent on seaweed cultivation as a cash generating activity. In addition, increased CO2 dissolution in the oceans has resulted in its acidification, coupled with exposure of the surface-cultivated seaweeds to increased UV radiation (due to ozone depletion), which could decrease the concentration of the seaweeds’ own protective pigments, thereby resulting in photo-inhibition and abiotic stresses. All of the foregoing,individually and collectively, integrate to reduce daily growth rates. Reduced pH could also lessen the spore germination capacity of cultivated eucheumatoids. The combination of the above factors has produced an overall decline in cultivated Eucheuma/Kappaphycus production. However, the efforts of many countries to increase their total area of farming and improvement in farming techniques, ensures the world’s overall production trend for these seaweeds of industrial value to be on the rise, in general.
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genetic diversity of Kappaphycus doty and eucheuma j agardh solieriaceae rhodophyta in southeast asia
Journal of Applied Phycology, 2014Co-Authors: Phaik-eem Lim, Ji Tan, Siew-moi Phang, Aluh Nikmatullah, Dang Diem Hong, Haji Sunarpi, Anicia Q. HurtadoAbstract:The commercial importance of carrageenophytes Kappaphycus and Eucheuma is well known, with much interest in terms of cultivation, marketing, and research. Considering the many lucrative prospects, these red seaweeds were introduced into various parts of the world for farming, where merely a few were comprehensively documented. Despite being extensively cultivated throughout Southeast Asia, the genetic diversity of Kappaphycus and Eucheuma is poorly studied, where heavy reliance is placed on the use of local or commercial names for identifications. This study used the mitochondrial-encoded cox1 and cox2–3 spacer genetic markers to investigate the Kappaphycus and Eucheuma haplotypes, cultivated and wild, available throughout Southeast Asia. Concatenated cox1–cox2–3 spacer datasets were also analyzed. The near full-length cox1 gene is preferred at revealing the genetic diversity of Kappaphycus and Eucheuma, provided a larger reference database is available. Both molecular markers were capable of delineating common members of the genus Kappaphycus (i.e., Kappaphycus alvarezii, Kappaphycus striatus, and Kappaphycus cottonii) and Eucheuma denticulatum, and revealed interesting genotypes and new species which may be potential alternatives to the common cultivars as well as materials for research. The relative scarcity of Eucheuma species is discussed and future sites for sampling are recommended.
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Diversity and Distribution of Natural Populations of Eucheuma J. Agardh and Kappaphycus Doty In Nusa Tenggara Barat, Indonesia
Malaysian Journal of Science, 2013Co-Authors: Sunarpi Sunarpi, Phaik-eem Lim, Aluh Nikmatullah, Mursal Ghazali, Siew-moi PhangAbstract:The genera Kappaphycus Doty and Eucheuma J. Agardh are amongst the most economicallyimportant seaweeds in Indonesia. Several species of Kappaphycus and Eucheuma are cultivated in many farms in Indonesia including Nusa Tenggara Barat (NTB). However the cultivated Kappaphycus is infl uenced by environmental changes. Variation in seaweed germplasm is necessary in order to produce elite lines with required quantity. More than 10 wild specimens of Eucheum/Kappaphycus species are obtained in the NTB marine waters, including E. spinosum (green and brown), E. striatum (green and brown), Eucheuma/Kappaphycus sp-1 and Eucheuma/Kappaphycus sp-2. Distribution of the species in NTB has been mapped, showing that Lombok Island has more diverse species of Eucheuma compared to Sumbawa Island. In addition, morphological and physiological characterisation of the species have been undertaken, and it is observed that there are morphological differences in the same species obtained from different coastal zones, and thus indicating morphological plasticity of the species to different environmental conditions. (Keywords: West Nusa Tenggara, E. spinosum, E. striatum, E. edulis, E. serra, natural diversity, seaweeds)
