The Experts below are selected from a list of 294 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Mark D Rothman - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the effects of harvesting of the south african Kelp ecklonia maxima on Kelp population structure growth rate and recruitment
Journal of Applied Phycology, 2006Co-Authors: Mark D Rothman, R J Anderson, Albertus J SmitAbstract:Ecklonia maxima is an economically important Kelp in South Africa. The harvested Kelp is used mainly as feed for cultured Haliotis midae (abalone) on farms all along the South African South and West Coast. The effects that different harvesting methods have on the growth of sub-canopy Kelps, Kelp population structure and Kelp recruitment were tested in a Kelp bed at Bordjies Rif near Cape Town. Two 30 × 10 m sites were set up, about 100m apart, in near monoculture stands of E. maxima. Each 30 × 10m area was subdivided into three treatments. In treatment 1 (T1) the whole ‘head’ of each Kelp sporophyte that reached the surface was cut off between the bulb and the primary blade (‘lethal’ method). In treatment 2 (T2) (‘non-lethal’ method), the secondary fronds of all sporophytes that reached the surface were cut 20–30 cm from their junction with the primary blade, and removed. In the control plot, the Kelp plants were not treated. Harvesting treatments were done approximately every four months, at low spring tide, from 3 March 2003 to 3 November 2003 (three treatments). The effects of harvesting on the Kelps depend largely on the size of plant and the time the fronds were removed; however, no seasonal pattern could be observed. The different treatments had no effect on the growth rate, population structure or recruitment of the Kelp. This means that factors other than light play an important role in the growth, structure and recruitment of the Kelp beds in False Bay. Results are discussed in relation to current commercial harvesting practices.
Albertus J Smit - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the effects of harvesting of the south african Kelp ecklonia maxima on Kelp population structure growth rate and recruitment
Journal of Applied Phycology, 2006Co-Authors: Mark D Rothman, R J Anderson, Albertus J SmitAbstract:Ecklonia maxima is an economically important Kelp in South Africa. The harvested Kelp is used mainly as feed for cultured Haliotis midae (abalone) on farms all along the South African South and West Coast. The effects that different harvesting methods have on the growth of sub-canopy Kelps, Kelp population structure and Kelp recruitment were tested in a Kelp bed at Bordjies Rif near Cape Town. Two 30 × 10 m sites were set up, about 100m apart, in near monoculture stands of E. maxima. Each 30 × 10m area was subdivided into three treatments. In treatment 1 (T1) the whole ‘head’ of each Kelp sporophyte that reached the surface was cut off between the bulb and the primary blade (‘lethal’ method). In treatment 2 (T2) (‘non-lethal’ method), the secondary fronds of all sporophytes that reached the surface were cut 20–30 cm from their junction with the primary blade, and removed. In the control plot, the Kelp plants were not treated. Harvesting treatments were done approximately every four months, at low spring tide, from 3 March 2003 to 3 November 2003 (three treatments). The effects of harvesting on the Kelps depend largely on the size of plant and the time the fronds were removed; however, no seasonal pattern could be observed. The different treatments had no effect on the growth rate, population structure or recruitment of the Kelp. This means that factors other than light play an important role in the growth, structure and recruitment of the Kelp beds in False Bay. Results are discussed in relation to current commercial harvesting practices.
Brezo Martínez - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Mariculture of the Asian Kelp Undaria pinnatifida and the native Kelp Saccharina latissima along the Atlantic coast of Southern Europe: An overview
Algal Research, 2016Co-Authors: César Peteiro, Noemí Sánchez, Brezo MartínezAbstract:Abstract Kelps are one of the most economically and ecologically important groups of seaweeds in the world. Most Kelps are confined to cold temperate regions, and northern Spain is the southern distribution limit of many species in Europe. As the supply from wild harvest cannot meet increasing current and future demands, methods to successfully cultivate Kelp species are needed. This review integrates key points about mariculture of Kelp species from different cultivation trials conducted along the Atlantic coast of southern Europe, and more specifically about Undaria pinnatifida (wakame) and Saccharina latissima (sugar kombu) along the northern Spanish coast. It focuses on the following topics: (1) effects of hydrodynamic conditions on culture grounds in coastal bays in order to identify optimal locations for culture of both Kelp species; (2) suitability of different raft culture systems in sheltered and more exposed environments; (3) identification of the most suitable time frame for the mariculture of both Kelps and its relationship with environmental factors; and (4) different methods for open-sea cultivation of S. latissima based on practices traditionally employed in Asian Saccharina farming. Finally, (5) this paper discusses the development of mariculture of the introduced Kelp, U. pinnatifida, in relation to the native Kelp, S. latissima, both from economic and environmental perspectives. Overall, the information reported here contributes to the knowledge necessary for the successful mariculture of these and other Kelps on a commercial basis in this and other areas of Europe.
César Peteiro - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Mariculture of the Asian Kelp Undaria pinnatifida and the native Kelp Saccharina latissima along the Atlantic coast of Southern Europe: An overview
Algal Research, 2016Co-Authors: César Peteiro, Noemí Sánchez, Brezo MartínezAbstract:Abstract Kelps are one of the most economically and ecologically important groups of seaweeds in the world. Most Kelps are confined to cold temperate regions, and northern Spain is the southern distribution limit of many species in Europe. As the supply from wild harvest cannot meet increasing current and future demands, methods to successfully cultivate Kelp species are needed. This review integrates key points about mariculture of Kelp species from different cultivation trials conducted along the Atlantic coast of southern Europe, and more specifically about Undaria pinnatifida (wakame) and Saccharina latissima (sugar kombu) along the northern Spanish coast. It focuses on the following topics: (1) effects of hydrodynamic conditions on culture grounds in coastal bays in order to identify optimal locations for culture of both Kelp species; (2) suitability of different raft culture systems in sheltered and more exposed environments; (3) identification of the most suitable time frame for the mariculture of both Kelps and its relationship with environmental factors; and (4) different methods for open-sea cultivation of S. latissima based on practices traditionally employed in Asian Saccharina farming. Finally, (5) this paper discusses the development of mariculture of the introduced Kelp, U. pinnatifida, in relation to the native Kelp, S. latissima, both from economic and environmental perspectives. Overall, the information reported here contributes to the knowledge necessary for the successful mariculture of these and other Kelps on a commercial basis in this and other areas of Europe.
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Comparing salinity tolerance in early stages of the sporophytes of a non-indigenous Kelp ( Undaria pinnatifida ) and a native Kelp ( Saccharina latissima )
Russian Journal of Marine Biology, 2012Co-Authors: César Peteiro, Noemí SánchezAbstract:The short-term effects of low salinities on the survival of germlings of an introduced Kelp Undaria pinnatifida and a native Kelp Saccharina latissima were assessed under laboratory conditions. This experiment was designed to compare the differential stress tolerance to salinity of the early life history stages of sporophytes of these two Kelps that co-occur on European Atlantic coasts. Germlings (young sporophytes) of both species were exposed for 4 days to salinities ranging from 31 (control) to 26, 21, 16, 11, and 6 psu. Afterwards, they were post-cultured in control seawater (31 psu) for another 4 days to corroborate the viability of injured germlings. Results showed that germlings of the introduced Kelp were less resistant to low salinity, surviving to as low as 16 psu; whereas the germlings of the native Kelp survived in salinities as low as 11 psu. Despite the observed differences, both species are relatively tolerant to low salinity. Our observations also indicated that, at least in a short term, gametophytes of both species were able to survive in salinities as low as 6 psu. The significance of low-salinity tolerance to the distribution of these Kelps and for their offshore cultivation is discussed.
Matthew S. Edwards - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the potential role of Kelp forests on iodine speciation in coastal seawater
PLOS ONE, 2017Co-Authors: Jennifer L Gonzales, Matthew S. Edwards, Teresa Tymon, Frithjof C Kupper, Carl J CarranoAbstract:Kelps have a major role in marine and atmospheric iodine cycling in the coastal zone of temperate regions, with potential wide-ranging impacts on ozone destruction in the coastal marine boundary layer. However, little is known about the impact of Kelp forests on iodine speciation in coastal sea water. To address this, we examined iodide and iodate concentrations in seawater in and around a giant Kelp forest near San Diego, CA, USA, and a nearby site that was not influenced by Kelp biology. Our data shows that while both iodide and iodate concentrations remained unchanged during the year at the nearby site, these concentrations changed significantly in and around the Kelp forest, and were strongly related to changes in Kelp canopy biomass. In particular, iodide reached its highest concentration and iodate reached its lowest concentration during the summer when the Kelp canopies were near their maximum, while the opposite pattern was observed during the winter and spring when the Kelp canopies were near their minimum. Further, comparisons of these changes with corresponding changes in seawater temperature and wind speed indicated that these relationships were relatively small compared to those with changes in Kelp biomass. Together, our data show a strong relationship between Kelp biomass and iodine metabolism.
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Vertical distribution of Kelp zoospores
Phycologia, 2011Co-Authors: Matthew S. EdwardsAbstract:Abstract Cie D.K. and Edwards M.S. 2011. Vertical distribution of Kelp zoospores. Phycologia 50: 340–350. DOI: 10.2216/10-48.1 The widely accepted theory of Kelp propagule dispersal is that reproductive zoospores are released near the benthos and passively dispersed horizontally via advective and diffusive transport. However, it is possible that these zoospores can also be dispersed vertically away from the benthos and into greater unidirectional flow, thus increasing their dispersal potential. To investigate this, we developed a vertical spore profiler to collect settled zoospores at 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 m above the substrate within and adjacent to the Point Loma Kelp Forest, California. Concurrently, we deployed a Nortek Aquadopp™ acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) to measure current velocities at different depths within and outside of the forest. Our results indicate that Kelp zoospores are vertically dispersed throughout the water column, reaching at least 10 m off the benthos, but that zoospore d...
