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Christos G Athanassiou - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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evaluations of the new deltamethrin treated all in one hermetic bag for the control of the Khapra Beetle trogoderma granarium everts
2021Co-Authors: Deanna S Scheff, Michael J Domingue, Georgia V Baliota, Georgina V Bingham, William R Morrison, Christos G AthanassiouAbstract:Abstract The Khapra Beetle, Trogoderma granarium (Everts), is a highly destructive stored product insect that presents a significant threat to stored bagged grain. Hermetic packaging is designed to maintain the quality and safety of stored grain, while continually protecting the grain from insect infestations during storage. The objective of this research was to evaluate a prototype deltamethrin, all-in-one treated hermetic bag on contact efficacy, larval mobility, and the control of T. granarium in artificially infested wheat. The insecticidal activity of the deltamethrin-treated packaging was tested against larvae and adults of T. granarium through contact bioassays. There was a significant reduction in responsive adults after 5 day and >86% of larvae were unresponsive after 9 d of exposure on the treated bag. Trogoderma granarium movement toward a food bait was
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susceptibility of four different sorghum varieties to infestation by the Khapra Beetle
2021Co-Authors: Marina Gourgouta, Christos G Athanassiou, Frank H ArthurAbstract:In this study, we evaluated the susceptibility of four different sorghum varieties to infestation by the Khapra Beetle, Trogoderma granarium Everts (Coleoptera: Dermestidae), as compared with wheat, which served as a ‘control’ commodity. In population growth assays, there was preference for population development on wheat compared to the different sorghum varieties. In contrast, there were no significant differences in total population development among the four varieties of sorghum. However, the proportion of immature stages (larvae, pupae) in relation to the adult stage varied significantly among the different varieties. Moreover, significant differences were noted among the commodities tested regarding the final weight decrease, as well as the amount of frass and kernel damage. Our study clearly demonstrates noticeable differences in the susceptibility of the varieties to T. granarium infestation. These results show that this species can develop on different varieties of sorghum, and variety selection should be further considered in a host-plant resistance-based management program for T. granarium.
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insecticidal effect of phosphine on eggs of the Khapra Beetle coleoptera dermestidae
2021Co-Authors: Evagelia Lampiri, Christos G AthanassiouAbstract:Trogoderma granarium Everts (Coleoptera: Dermestidae) is one of the most important quarantine pests of stored grains. Control of this insect species can be achieved through a gaseous insecticide, phosphine. Many studies focus on the effect of phosphine on different developmental stages of insects, with most of them highlighting eggs as the most tolerant stage. Our data showed that 2-d-old eggs of T. granarium are more susceptible than 1-d-old eggs. Faster hatching was observed in eggs exposed to phosphine for 2 d compared to controls and the result was more pronounced for 1-d-old than 2-d-old eggs. In contrast to the 2-d exposure, hatching rates of eggs exposed to 4 and 6 d were notably reduced, while there was a delay in egg hatching compared to controls. Moreover, larval development from untreated eggs was faster than the larvae from treated eggs, regardless of the exposure time. These dissimilar patters in larval growth may suggest certain delayed effects of phosphine fumigation. The results of the present work can be further utilized for the development of phosphine-based quarantine and pre-shipment treatments for the control of T. granarium.
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population growth and development of the Khapra Beetle coleoptera dermestidae on different sorghum fractions
2021Co-Authors: Evagelia Lampiri, Christos G Athanassiou, Frank H ArthurAbstract:A series of tests was performed to examine the development ability of Trogoderma granarium Everts on six different sorghum milling fractions: bran, shorts, coarse grits, fine grits, red dogs, and flour. In the first bioassay, 20 adults and 20 g of each fraction were placed in vials of 60 ml at 30°C and 60% relative humidity for a period of 65 d. In the second part of the experiment, a neonate larva (1-d old) was placed in vials with 1 g of each fraction and exposed at 25, 30, and 32°C until adult emergence. Significantly more live larvae were found in bran compared with flour and to the two grain controls (soft wheat and whole wheat flour), where most dead adults were recorded. The increase in temperature reduced both the time to adult emergence and larval mortality before the appearance of the first adult. Developmental times ranged between 25.5 and 37.5 d, and 23.2 and 29.0 d for 30 and 32°C, respectively. At 25°C, larvae in the milling fractions did not reach 100% adult emergence even after almost 3 mo. However, the first adult appeared in the shorts fraction at all temperatures tested. Our results show that all sorghum milling fractions support the development of T. granarium and that the optimal temperatures for growth and development are 30 and 32°C. These results also have important implications for phytosanitary regulations and international trade, given the quarantine restrictions on this insect.
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insecticidal effect of phosphine for the control of different life stages of the Khapra Beetle trogoderma granarium coleoptera dermestidae
2021Co-Authors: Marina Gourgouta, Paraskevi Agrafioti, Christos G AthanassiouAbstract:Abstract The Khapra Beetle, Trogoderma granarium Everts (Coleoptera: Dermestidae), is a serious pest of stored products worldwide, and a quarantine insect for many countries. The use of phosphine gas has been proven to be effective against a wide range of stored-product insect species, but there is still inadequate information in the case of T. granarium. In the present study, we evaluated the effectiveness of phosphine on different life stages of this species, including its diapausing larvae. For this purpose, the protocols that were used were: a) exposure for 20 hours at 30 ppm for all life stages including daupausing larvae (standard protocol, proposed by Food and Agriculture Organization, FAO), b) exposure for 3 days in different concentrations, i.e. 50, 100, 200, 300, 500 and 1000 ppm. Both mobile stages (adults and larvae) were immobilized after 20 h of exposure. The most susceptible life stages were adults and pupae, as 100% mortality was recorded for both, 7 days after the termination of the exposure at all concentrations and intervals tested. Larvae, both diapausing and non-diapausing, showed some survival 7 and 14 days after exposure to 30 ppm of phosphine for 20 h. Non-diapausing larvae were more susceptible than diapausing larvae, and shown a delayed response in terms of completing their biology to reach the adult stage. In contrast, diapausing larvae had no delayed response compared to the controls. The life stage with the highest level of tolerance to phosphine appeared to be the eggs, since 100% mortality was recorded only at 1000 ppm after 3 d of exposure. The data of the present study are to be particularly important for the control of this species, especially in the case of quarantine and pre-shipment treatments.
Maria C Boukouvala - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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efficacy of the furanosesquiterpene isofuranodiene against the stored product insects prostephanus truncatus coleoptera bostrychidae and trogoderma granarium coleoptera dermestidae
2020Co-Authors: Nickolas G Kavallieratos, Maria C Boukouvala, Giovanni Benelli, Nikoletta Ntalli, Demetrius C Kontodimas, Loredana Cappellacci, Riccardo Petrelli, Massimo Ricciutelli, Filippo MaggiAbstract:Abstract In plant and animal kingdoms, isofuranodiene is a widespread, lipophilic and volatile furanosesquiterpene endowed with insecticidal properties. In the current study, we evaluated its toxicity against the larger grain borer, Prostephanus truncatus (Horn) (Coleoptera: Bostrychidae) adults and the Khapra Beetle, Trogoderma granarium Everts (Coleoptera: Dermestidae) adults and larvae at 500 and 1000 ppm. Results showed that the overall mortality of P. truncatus adults exposed to 500 ppm was low, while at the higher dose tested it increased to 56.7% after 7 days of exposure. Notably, isofuranodiene killed 95.6 and 96.7% of the exposed T. granarium adults 5 and 7 days post-exposure at 1000 ppm. On the other side, T. granarium larval mortality did not exceed 24.4 and 37.8% at 500 and 1000 ppm respectively, after 7 days of exposure. Isofuranodiene could be considered further to develop novel green tools against T. granarium adults, since there is a lack of effective grain protectants against this noxious species.
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elucidating fitness components of the invasive dermestid Beetle trogoderma granarium combining deterministic and stochastic demography
2019Co-Authors: Nikos Papanikolaou, Nickolas G Kavallieratos, Maria C Boukouvala, Marios Kondakis, Erifili P Nika, Nikos DemirisAbstract:: The invasive dermestid Khapra Beetle, Trogoderma granarium, is an important pest of stored products that is subject to strict phytosanitary measures. In this study, we conducted a demographic analysis of this species at 30, 35 and 40°C, combining deterministic and stochastic approaches. The net reproductive rate, the intrinsic rate of increase, the finite rate of increase and the doubling time did not differ significantly between 30 and 35°C, while at 40°C we detected negative values of the intrinsic rate of increase and the doubling time. The Briere model fit the data well with respect to the intrinsic rate of increase. Females of roughly 63, 42 and 21 days old reached their maximum reproductive potential at 30, 35 and 40°C, respectively. The stochastic models of this study allowed for checking model fit and the characterization of the most suitable distribution for each component of the process. We expect these results to have bearing on the management of T. granarium since they could be combined with models related to international trade and climatic change, alerting specialists towards early detection strategies against this species.
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invader competition with local competitors displacement or coexistence among the invasive Khapra Beetle trogoderma granarium everts coleoptera dermestidae and two other major stored grain Beetles
2017Co-Authors: Nickolas G Kavallieratos, Christos G Athanassiou, Maria C Boukouvala, R N C Guedes, Johanna D DrempelaAbstract:: Local potential competitor species are important determinants of the invasibility of an environment even when widely recognized invasive species are concerned since it may compromise its establishment. Thus, the outcome of the direct competition among the invasive Khapra Beetle, Trogoderma granarium, and the cosmopolitan species lesser grain borer, Rhyzopertha dominica and rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae, and thus the likelihood of establishment of T. granarium under their co-occurrence, was here explored in paddy rice and wheat, at temperatures between 25 and 35°C and through 200 days of storage. Insect infestations were higher in wheat rather than in paddy rice. Trogoderma granarium was unable to displace any of the competing species under two and three-species competition experiments retaining lower adult population than both local competitors at the lowest temperature level. Rhyzopertha dominica prevailed in paddy rice, while S. oryzae prevailed in wheat. Paradoxically, T. granarium adults retained low population growth but contributed more for the total frass production and grain loss, much more than that recorded for R. dominica. Nonetheless, T. granarium larvae exhibited high population numbers 130 days after the introduction of the parental individuals. At higher temperature levels (30 and 35°C) the numbers of T. granarium larvae were extremely high even after 65 days, while the numbers of the other two species rapidly declined. Interestingly, the simultaneous presence of R. dominica and S. oryzae was beneficial for the population growth of T. granarium. Consequently, T. granarium has the ability to outperform other primary stored-product insects at high temperatures, while its presence at low temperatures remains for long periods apparently unaffected by other co-occurring species. Hence, T. granarium, in wheat, is able to outcompete other major species of stored-product insects at elevated temperatures, while at 25°C this species can maintain low numbers of individuals for long periods, which can rapidly produce population outbursts when the prevailing conditions are suitable for its development.
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population growth of the Khapra Beetle trogoderma granarium everts coleoptera dermestidae on different commodities
2016Co-Authors: Christos G Athanassiou, Nickolas G Kavallieratos, Maria C BoukouvalaAbstract:Abstract We evaluated the population growth of the Khapra Beetle, Trogoderma granarium Everts (Coleoptera: Dermestidae) on different grains, cracked wheat containment categories and amylaceous materials by conducting three series of laboratory bioassays. In the first series, peeled barley, whole (raw) barley, peeled oats, whole (raw) oats, peeled rice, rough rice, rye, triticale and hard wheat were tested. In the second series, six cracked wheat containment categories were tested: wheat containing intact kernels only (0% cracked kernels), wheat containing 5% cracked kernels and 95% intact kernels, wheat containing 10% cracked kernels and 90% intact kernels, wheat containing 25% cracked kernels and 75% intact kernels, wheat containing 50% cracked kernels and 50% intact kernels and wheat containing 100% cracked kernels. In the third series, the following amylaceous commodities were tested: hard wheat (intact kernels), whole oat flakes, maize flour, whole barley flour, pasta, white soft wheat flour, whole soft wheat flour, white hard wheat flour, whole hard wheat flour, whole rye flour and semolina. Significantly more dead adults were found on wheat than on peeled barley, maize, whole oats, rough rice and rye. Significantly more larvae alive were found on wheat and triticale, than on the other grains, with the exception of oats, both whole and peeled. The increase of the percentage of cracked wheat kernels increased population growth, except in the case of 10% cracked wheat kernels. In vials that contained 100% cracked wheat kernels, 584.1 individuals per vial were found, which was 3.7 times more than the respective number of larvae alive in vials with intact wheat kernels only. Significantly more dead adults were found on whole barley flour than on the other commodities. More than 1213 larvae per vial were recorded on whole barley flour, which was 1.3–15 times higher than the other commodities. The lowest number of larvae alive was found on pasta, followed by the white soft wheat flour. The findings of the present work show that some commodities are more prone to spread T. granarium than others, a fact which should be seriously taken into account in international trade of grains and related amylaceous products.
Zahra Abedi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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feeding performance and life table parameters of Khapra Beetle trogoderma granarium everts coleoptera dermestidae on various barley cultivars
2017Co-Authors: Ali Golizadeh, Zahra AbediAbstract:The Khapra Beetle, Trogoderma granarium Everts (Coleoptera: Dermestidae), is a common pest of cereal grains and other stored products. In this study, the effects of ten barley cultivars (Abidar, Bahman, Line20, Line22, Line30, Lisuei, Lokht11, Makuyi, Sahand, and Sahraa) were evaluated on life table parameters and nutritional indices of T. granarium under the following laboratory conditions: 33 ± 1°C, 60 ± 5% RH, and a photoperiod of 14: 10 (L: D) h. Life history parameters of T. granarium could be appropriate indices in resistance and susceptibility evaluation of barley cultivars. The maximum survival rate of immature stages was observed on Makuyi and Lisuei cultivars and the minimum rate was on Abidar and Line22 cultivars. The shortest development time was on Makuyi cultivar and the longest on Line22 cultivar. Pupal weight was ranged from 2.56 mg on Lokht11 to 4.86 mg on Makuyi. Fecundity and egg-hatching rates were highest on Lisuei cultivar and the adults were long-lived on Makuyi cultivar. The highest r m values were observed on Makuyi and Lisuei cultivars but lower value of it resulted from rearing of T. granarium on Line22 cultivar (0.0350 female per female day −1 ). The results showed that T. granarium larvae fed on Makuyi cultivar had higher values of relative consumption rate and relative growth rate. The results indicated that Makuyi and Lisuei cultivars were relatively susceptible barley cultivars and Line22 was the most inappropriate cultivar for feeding of T. granarium , which could prove useful in the development of Integrated Pest Management programs for this pest.
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comparative performance of the Khapra Beetle trogoderma granarium everts coleoptera dermestidae on various wheat cultivars
2016Co-Authors: Ali Golizadeh, Zahra AbediAbstract:Abstract The Khapra Beetle, Trogoderma granarium Everts (Coleoptera: Dermestidae), is known as a serious pest of stored grains and stored products. Host plant is an effective ecological factor on performance of an insect pest. In this study, effects of ten wheat cultivars were evaluated on life table parameters and nutritional indices of T. granarium under laboratory conditions, 33 ± 1 °C, 60 ± 5% RH and a photoperiod of 14: 10 (L: D) h. Our research showed that various wheat cultivars have significant effects on life history, demographical parameters and nutritional indices of T. granarium . The highest immature survival rate was observed on cultivar Gaskojen. Significant differences on developmental time, adult fecundity and longevity of T. granarium were found across tested wheat cultivars. In addition, there were significant differences among the wheat cultivars for population growth parameters of T. granarium . The highest ( r m ) values were observed on Gaskojen (0.078 eggs/female/day) and its lower values were resulted from rearing of T. granarium on Kouhdasht and Bezostaya. The larvae fed on Gaskojen showed the higher value of food consumption as compared with others. In addition, the higher value of relative growth rate (RGR) was found on cultivar Gaskojen, while the relative lower value was observed on cultivar Kouhdasht. The results indicated that Gaskojen cultivar was a relatively susceptible wheat cultivar and Kouhdasht cultivar was relatively unsuitable host for feeding of T. granarium which could prove useful in the development of IPM programs for this pest.
Thomas W. Phillips - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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biology and control of the Khapra Beetle trogoderma granarium a major quarantine threat to global food security
2019Co-Authors: Christos G Athanassiou, Thomas W. Phillips, Waqas WakilAbstract:The Khapra Beetle, Trogoderma granarium, is a voracious feeder of stored products and is considered one of the most important quarantine pests globally. Its ability to survive for long periods under extreme conditions facilitates its spread through international commerce, which has led to invasions of new geographic regions. The Khapra Beetle is an important quarantine pest for many countries, including the major wheat-producing countries the United States, Canada, Russia, and Australia, and has been classified as one of the 100 worst invasive species worldwide. This species cannot always be controlled by insecticides and other nonchemical methods that are usually effective against other pests of stored products, particularly owing to its diapausing late larval stage. It can rapidly develop at elevated temperatures and under dry conditions, which are not favorable for many major stored-product insects. We synthesize key published work to draw attention to advances in biology, detection and control of the ...
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biology and control of the Khapra Beetle trogoderma granarium a major quarantine threat to global food security
2019Co-Authors: Christos G Athanassiou, Thomas W. Phillips, Waqas WakilAbstract:The Khapra Beetle, Trogoderma granarium, is a voracious feeder of stored products and is considered one of the most important quarantine pests globally. Its ability to survive for long periods under extreme conditions facilitates its spread through international commerce, which has led to invasions of new geographic regions. The Khapra Beetle is an important quarantine pest for many countries, including the major wheat-producing countries the United States, Canada, Russia, and Australia, and has been classified as one of the 100 worst invasive species worldwide. This species cannot always be controlled by insecticides and other nonchemical methods that are usually effective against other pests of stored products, particularly owing to its diapausing late larval stage. It can rapidly develop at elevated temperatures and under dry conditions, which are not favorable for many major stored-product insects. We synthesize key published work to draw attention to advances in biology, detection and control of the Khapra Beetle, and directions to consider for future research.
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evaluation of pyrethroid insecticides and insect growth regulators applied to different surfaces for control of trogoderma granarium coleoptera dermestidae the Khapra Beetle
2018Co-Authors: F H Arthur, Mukti N Ghimire, Scott W. Myers, Thomas W. PhillipsAbstract:: The Khapra Beetle, Trogoderma granarium Everts (Coleoptera: Dermestidae), is a serious pest of stored products and is the only stored product insect pest that triggers a quarantine response when it is found in the United States. The larvae of T. granarium feed on a wide range of dry food products of plant and animal origin, including cereals, dried fish, and museum specimens. In this study, we evaluated the residual efficacy of two pyrethroid insecticides, deltamethrin and cyfluthrin, applied on concrete, wood, painted wood, vinyl flooring tile, and metal surfaces using small and large T. granarium larvae. Residual efficacy of two insect growth regulators (IGRs), methoprene and pyriproxyfen was also evaluated on concrete, metal, and wood surfaces. In both studies, larvae were exposed with provision of a food source on the treated surfaces and residual assays were conducted at 0 months (1 d), 1, 2, and 3 months post treatment. In general, both of the pyrethroids provided a high level of control of T. granarium larvae, though small larvae were much more susceptible than large larvae. The IGRs were comparatively less effective, with more larval survival and adult emergence of exposed larvae compared with the pyrethroids. Residues of the pyrethroids and IGRs were most persistent on the metal surface. Results can be used to help to control and eradicate infestations of T. granarium when they are detected in the United States.
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susceptibility of trogoderma granarium everts and trogoderma inclusum leconte coleoptera dermestidae to residual contact insecticides
2017Co-Authors: Mukti N Ghimire, Scott W. Myers, Frank H Arthur, Thomas W. PhillipsAbstract:Abstract Commercial formulations of the pyrethroid insecticides β-cyfluthrin and deltamethrin were evaluated for delayed mortality of Trogoderma granarium (Everts), the Khapra Beetle, and T. inclusum (LeConte), the larger cabinet Beetle. Ten 3-4 week-old larvae of either species were exposed on treated concrete arenas for 1, 2, 3, and 7 d then transferred into 175 ml diet cups containing 5 g of untreated rearing media for 30 d to evaluate delayed mortality. In a subsequent study, residual efficacy of β-cyfluthrin, deltamethrin, and chlorfenapyr was evaluated at 0–12 wks post-treatment against adults and larvae of a laboratory and a field strain of T. granarium. Ten adults or larvae of either strain were exposed on treated arenas at selected wks post-treatment and mortality was assessed after 4 and 30 d of exposure for adults and larvae, respectively. In the first study, delayed morality of T. granarium and T. inclusum larvae was
Waqas Wakil - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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biology and control of the Khapra Beetle trogoderma granarium a major quarantine threat to global food security
2019Co-Authors: Christos G Athanassiou, Thomas W. Phillips, Waqas WakilAbstract:The Khapra Beetle, Trogoderma granarium, is a voracious feeder of stored products and is considered one of the most important quarantine pests globally. Its ability to survive for long periods under extreme conditions facilitates its spread through international commerce, which has led to invasions of new geographic regions. The Khapra Beetle is an important quarantine pest for many countries, including the major wheat-producing countries the United States, Canada, Russia, and Australia, and has been classified as one of the 100 worst invasive species worldwide. This species cannot always be controlled by insecticides and other nonchemical methods that are usually effective against other pests of stored products, particularly owing to its diapausing late larval stage. It can rapidly develop at elevated temperatures and under dry conditions, which are not favorable for many major stored-product insects. We synthesize key published work to draw attention to advances in biology, detection and control of the ...
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biology and control of the Khapra Beetle trogoderma granarium a major quarantine threat to global food security
2019Co-Authors: Christos G Athanassiou, Thomas W. Phillips, Waqas WakilAbstract:The Khapra Beetle, Trogoderma granarium, is a voracious feeder of stored products and is considered one of the most important quarantine pests globally. Its ability to survive for long periods under extreme conditions facilitates its spread through international commerce, which has led to invasions of new geographic regions. The Khapra Beetle is an important quarantine pest for many countries, including the major wheat-producing countries the United States, Canada, Russia, and Australia, and has been classified as one of the 100 worst invasive species worldwide. This species cannot always be controlled by insecticides and other nonchemical methods that are usually effective against other pests of stored products, particularly owing to its diapausing late larval stage. It can rapidly develop at elevated temperatures and under dry conditions, which are not favorable for many major stored-product insects. We synthesize key published work to draw attention to advances in biology, detection and control of the Khapra Beetle, and directions to consider for future research.
