The Experts below are selected from a list of 165 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Scott W Myers - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Oleic acid emitted from frozen Trogoderma spp. larvae causes conspecific behavioral aversion
Chemoecology, 2020Co-Authors: Michael J. Domingue, William R. Morrison, Kathleen Yeater, Scott W MyersAbstract:Accumulating evidence in the literature suggests that oleic acid functions as a necromone across widely divergent insect taxa. The prevelance of this phenomenon has not been fully explored, and its application to pest management remains underdeveloped. Khapra beetle (KB), Trogoderma granarium , is a pest of stored grains, with larvae that can enter facultative diapause and remain cryptic in warehouses. Here, we examine how death affects oleic acid content of Trogoderma spp. cuticular extracts, and whether the compound causes a behavioral response. To assess the generalizability of patterns, many experiments were repeated with warehouse beetle (WB), Trogoderma variabile , and larger cabinet beetle (LCB), Trogoderma inclusum . Extracts of larvae that were first killed by being frozen had greater oleic acid content than those derived from live insects. Two-choice behavioral assays compared responses of solvent controls to these extracts, at both low (~ 2 µg) and high (68–131 µg) oleic acid content. The natural extracts also contained cuticular hydrocarbons and other unidentified chemicals. High oleic acid in the extracts repelled the larvae of all three species. Lower levels of oleic acid did not affect KB and LCB movement, but were attractive to WB. We also performed the assay using a large range of doses of oleic acid alone. At the lower doses, oleic acid had no effect on movement, but it became strongly repellant at higher doses, beginning at 100 µg. These results indicate that necromones may be an overlooked aspect of stored product insect biology, which if further researched could improve pest management.
-
Attraction, arrestment, and preference by immature Trogoderma variabile and Trogoderma granarium to food and pheromonal stimuli
Journal of Pest Science, 2020Co-Authors: William R. Morrison, Frank H Arthur, Scott W Myers, Robert F. Grosdidier, Michael J. DomingueAbstract:The invasive khapra beetle, Trogoderma granarium , is an economically destructive species and the only stored product insect pest that is quarantined in the USA. In the past several decades, there have been an increasing number of interceptions of T. granarium at ports in the USA. The established trap and lure used for surveillance of T. granarium in high risk areas was developed 30 years ago, but since then new lures containing food and/or pheromonal stimuli have become available. In the USA, researchers must work with it in an approved quarantine facility, which slows research and development into mitigation strategies for the species. However, there are closely related dermestids already in the USA but not under quarantine, such as Trogoderma variabile , which may be able to act as a surrogate species for the behavioral responses of T. granarium . Thus, we evaluated the attraction to, arrestment by, and preference between different semiochemical stimuli for immature life stages of both these species and determined whether T. variabile could serve as a surrogate species for T. granarium . While all lures showed some positive response in each of the assays, lures with food cues and pheromones together exhibited the most consistent positive response by larval T. granarium . However, the behavioral response of T. variabile was not consistently correlated with that of T. granarium . Our study contributes updated data that can be used by biosecurity experts in developing surveillance programs for T. granarium .
-
evaluation of methoprene treated packaging against Trogoderma granarium everts and Trogoderma inclusum leconte larval development and packaging penetration or invasion
Journal of Stored Products Research, 2019Co-Authors: Deanna S Scheff, Frank H Arthur, Scott W MyersAbstract:Abstract Trogoderma granarium Everts, khapra beetle, and Trogoderma inclusum LeConte, larger cabinet beetle, are highly destructive insect species that can infest a variety of food sources. Methoprene is an insect growth regulator, IGR, and recently has been incorporated into packaging materials as a treatment option for packaged grain, food, birdseed, and feed products, and labeled for this use by the US Environmental Protection Agency. The objective of this research was to investigate the effect of continual exposure to this novel packaging technology on the development of T. inclusum and T. granarium larvae, and its potential use as a packaging treatment to prevent the penetration or invasion of T. inclusum and T. granarium into food packages. The methoprene-treated packaging incorporated into Kraft paper, woven bag material, polyethylene-polyethylene (PE-PE) material, and a polyethylene terephthalate-polyethylene (PET-PE) material, reduced normal adult emergence of exposed larvae. No normal adult emergence was observed on the inside surface of the PET-PE material. The polymer-based materials were the most effective at preventing penetration or invasion by Trogoderma spp. Only 2% of packages were invaded among all packaging treatment combinations compared to 16.7% invasion of untreated packages. The materials were ranked in effectiveness as Kraft
-
larvae of Trogoderma respond behaviorally to whole body extracts
Julius-Kühn-Archiv, 2018Co-Authors: Michael J. Domingue, Scott W Myers, Thomas W PhillipsAbstract:Behavioral responses to semiochemicals by Trogoderma (Coleoptera: Dermestidae) stored product pests were assayed in a small arena. Hexane extracts were obtained from Khapra beetle, Trogoderma granarium, warehouse beetle, Trogoderma variable, and the larger cabinet beetle Trogoderma inclusum that were killed by being frozen for 48 hours at -20° C. These extracts were analyzed using gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC/MS), and it was confirmed that they contain several cuticular hydrocarbons, fatty acids and sterols. Two choice experiments were performed inside Petri dish arenas, with filter paper fully covering the bottom surfaces. Two smaller 3cm filter papers were placed on opposite ends within each arena. Each of the smaller papers were folded three times in parallel to present a corrugated surface that the insects could move underneath if they chose. In each case, one paper had a 100µl aliquot of one of the extracts, and the other 100µl of hexane as a control. 10 late instar larvae of the same species as the treatment extract were placed in the arena and allowed to acclimate overnight in a dark room. For all three species, it was found that larvae were more likely to be found on the side of the Petri dish with the hexane control rather than the conspecific larval extract. They were also more likely to be on or near the smaller corrugated filter paper treated with the control as opposed to the filter paper treated with the larval extract. Thus repellency of the conspecific extract was demonstrated at that particular dose. Further assays using different doses of the raw extracts and their individual chemical components are planned. The use of these semiochemicals in novel management strategies will be considered.
-
susceptibility of Trogoderma granarium everts and Trogoderma inclusum leconte coleoptera dermestidae to residual contact insecticides
Journal of Stored Products Research, 2017Co-Authors: Mukti N Ghimire, Frank H Arthur, Scott W Myers, Thomas W PhillipsAbstract:Abstract Commercial formulations of the pyrethroid insecticides β-cyfluthrin and deltamethrin were evaluated for delayed mortality of Trogoderma granarium (Everts), the khapra beetle, and T. inclusum (LeConte), the larger cabinet beetle. Ten 3-4 week-old larvae of either species were exposed on treated concrete arenas for 1, 2, 3, and 7 d then transferred into 175 ml diet cups containing 5 g of untreated rearing media for 30 d to evaluate delayed mortality. In a subsequent study, residual efficacy of β-cyfluthrin, deltamethrin, and chlorfenapyr was evaluated at 0–12 wks post-treatment against adults and larvae of a laboratory and a field strain of T. granarium. Ten adults or larvae of either strain were exposed on treated arenas at selected wks post-treatment and mortality was assessed after 4 and 30 d of exposure for adults and larvae, respectively. In the first study, delayed morality of T. granarium and T. inclusum larvae was
Anthony I Cognato - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Molecular identification of Trogoderma granarium (Coleoptera: Dermestidae) using the 16s gene
Journal of Pest Science, 2014Co-Authors: Rachel L O Olson, Roxanne E. Farris, Norman B. Barr, Anthony I CognatoAbstract:The Khapra beetle, Trogoderma granarium Everts, is a global pest species of stored grain products. Accurate identification of Trogoderma specimens trapped within stores of grain is critical to surveillance and exclusion efforts for the Khapra beetle. To enhance diagnostic capacity, we report PCR-based diagnostic assays for Khapra beetle identification. Three methods such as conventional PCR, real-time PCR, and DNA sequencing are reported for the diagnosis of Trogoderma specimens captured within the U.S. All three methods discern the Khapra beetle based on variation in fragments of 16S mitochondrial DNA. To examine PCR assay stringency, ten native or introduced Trogoderma species and two Megatoma species were also examined. These DNA-based assays provide reliable identification of T. granarium regardless of condition, life stage, or taxonomic expertise of the investigator.
-
commercial sex pheromone lures facilitate collection of skin and carpet beetles coleoptera dermestidae in natural and urban environments
Coleopterists Bulletin, 2013Co-Authors: Rachel L O Olson, Gary L Parsons, Anthony I CognatoAbstract:ABSTRACT The pheromone (Z)- and/or (E)-14-methyl-8-hexadecenal (Trogodermal) is the main sex attractant for pest carpet beetles, Trogoderma granarium Everts, 1898, Trogoderma inclusum LeConte, 1854, Trogoderma glabrum (Herbst, 1783) and Trogoderma variable Ballion, 1878. This pheromone is often used to detect these pests within granaries, but it has not been reported to have been used to trap beetles in outside environments. We used Trogodermal-baited traps to collect over 3,000 dermestids in 43 dispersed locations in North and Central America; only 85 dermestids were collected in unbaited traps. Nine species of Trogoderma Dejean and individuals of Megatoma Herbst, Orphilus Erichson, Orphinus Motschulsky, and Thaumaglossa Redtenbacher were collected. This study is the first documentation of intergeneric dermestid response to Trogodermal.
David Groth - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
molecular phylogeny supports the paraphyletic nature of the genus Trogoderma coleoptera dermestidae collected in the australasian ecozone
Bulletin of Entomological Research, 2012Co-Authors: Mark A Castalanelli, Andrew M Baker, Kylie Munyard, Mike Grimm, David GrothAbstract:To date, a molecular phylogenetic approach has not been used to investigate the evolutionary structure of Trogoderma and closely related genera. Using two mitochondrial genes, Cytochrome Oxidase I and Cytochrome B, and the nuclear gene, 18S, the reported polyphyletic positioning of Trogoderma was examined. Paraphyly in Trogoderma was observed, with one Australian Trogoderma species reconciled as sister to all Dermestidae and the Anthrenocerus genus deeply nested within the Australian Trogoderma clade. In addition, time to most recent common ancestor for a number of Dermestidae was calculated. Based on these estimations, the Dermestidae origin exceeded 175 million years, placing the origins of this family in Pangaea.
Michael J. Domingue - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Oleic acid emitted from frozen Trogoderma spp. larvae causes conspecific behavioral aversion
Chemoecology, 2020Co-Authors: Michael J. Domingue, William R. Morrison, Kathleen Yeater, Scott W MyersAbstract:Accumulating evidence in the literature suggests that oleic acid functions as a necromone across widely divergent insect taxa. The prevelance of this phenomenon has not been fully explored, and its application to pest management remains underdeveloped. Khapra beetle (KB), Trogoderma granarium , is a pest of stored grains, with larvae that can enter facultative diapause and remain cryptic in warehouses. Here, we examine how death affects oleic acid content of Trogoderma spp. cuticular extracts, and whether the compound causes a behavioral response. To assess the generalizability of patterns, many experiments were repeated with warehouse beetle (WB), Trogoderma variabile , and larger cabinet beetle (LCB), Trogoderma inclusum . Extracts of larvae that were first killed by being frozen had greater oleic acid content than those derived from live insects. Two-choice behavioral assays compared responses of solvent controls to these extracts, at both low (~ 2 µg) and high (68–131 µg) oleic acid content. The natural extracts also contained cuticular hydrocarbons and other unidentified chemicals. High oleic acid in the extracts repelled the larvae of all three species. Lower levels of oleic acid did not affect KB and LCB movement, but were attractive to WB. We also performed the assay using a large range of doses of oleic acid alone. At the lower doses, oleic acid had no effect on movement, but it became strongly repellant at higher doses, beginning at 100 µg. These results indicate that necromones may be an overlooked aspect of stored product insect biology, which if further researched could improve pest management.
-
Attraction, arrestment, and preference by immature Trogoderma variabile and Trogoderma granarium to food and pheromonal stimuli
Journal of Pest Science, 2020Co-Authors: William R. Morrison, Frank H Arthur, Scott W Myers, Robert F. Grosdidier, Michael J. DomingueAbstract:The invasive khapra beetle, Trogoderma granarium , is an economically destructive species and the only stored product insect pest that is quarantined in the USA. In the past several decades, there have been an increasing number of interceptions of T. granarium at ports in the USA. The established trap and lure used for surveillance of T. granarium in high risk areas was developed 30 years ago, but since then new lures containing food and/or pheromonal stimuli have become available. In the USA, researchers must work with it in an approved quarantine facility, which slows research and development into mitigation strategies for the species. However, there are closely related dermestids already in the USA but not under quarantine, such as Trogoderma variabile , which may be able to act as a surrogate species for the behavioral responses of T. granarium . Thus, we evaluated the attraction to, arrestment by, and preference between different semiochemical stimuli for immature life stages of both these species and determined whether T. variabile could serve as a surrogate species for T. granarium . While all lures showed some positive response in each of the assays, lures with food cues and pheromones together exhibited the most consistent positive response by larval T. granarium . However, the behavioral response of T. variabile was not consistently correlated with that of T. granarium . Our study contributes updated data that can be used by biosecurity experts in developing surveillance programs for T. granarium .
-
larvae of Trogoderma respond behaviorally to whole body extracts
Julius-Kühn-Archiv, 2018Co-Authors: Michael J. Domingue, Scott W Myers, Thomas W PhillipsAbstract:Behavioral responses to semiochemicals by Trogoderma (Coleoptera: Dermestidae) stored product pests were assayed in a small arena. Hexane extracts were obtained from Khapra beetle, Trogoderma granarium, warehouse beetle, Trogoderma variable, and the larger cabinet beetle Trogoderma inclusum that were killed by being frozen for 48 hours at -20° C. These extracts were analyzed using gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC/MS), and it was confirmed that they contain several cuticular hydrocarbons, fatty acids and sterols. Two choice experiments were performed inside Petri dish arenas, with filter paper fully covering the bottom surfaces. Two smaller 3cm filter papers were placed on opposite ends within each arena. Each of the smaller papers were folded three times in parallel to present a corrugated surface that the insects could move underneath if they chose. In each case, one paper had a 100µl aliquot of one of the extracts, and the other 100µl of hexane as a control. 10 late instar larvae of the same species as the treatment extract were placed in the arena and allowed to acclimate overnight in a dark room. For all three species, it was found that larvae were more likely to be found on the side of the Petri dish with the hexane control rather than the conspecific larval extract. They were also more likely to be on or near the smaller corrugated filter paper treated with the control as opposed to the filter paper treated with the larval extract. Thus repellency of the conspecific extract was demonstrated at that particular dose. Further assays using different doses of the raw extracts and their individual chemical components are planned. The use of these semiochemicals in novel management strategies will be considered.
Frank H Arthur - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Attraction, arrestment, and preference by immature Trogoderma variabile and Trogoderma granarium to food and pheromonal stimuli
Journal of Pest Science, 2020Co-Authors: William R. Morrison, Frank H Arthur, Scott W Myers, Robert F. Grosdidier, Michael J. DomingueAbstract:The invasive khapra beetle, Trogoderma granarium , is an economically destructive species and the only stored product insect pest that is quarantined in the USA. In the past several decades, there have been an increasing number of interceptions of T. granarium at ports in the USA. The established trap and lure used for surveillance of T. granarium in high risk areas was developed 30 years ago, but since then new lures containing food and/or pheromonal stimuli have become available. In the USA, researchers must work with it in an approved quarantine facility, which slows research and development into mitigation strategies for the species. However, there are closely related dermestids already in the USA but not under quarantine, such as Trogoderma variabile , which may be able to act as a surrogate species for the behavioral responses of T. granarium . Thus, we evaluated the attraction to, arrestment by, and preference between different semiochemical stimuli for immature life stages of both these species and determined whether T. variabile could serve as a surrogate species for T. granarium . While all lures showed some positive response in each of the assays, lures with food cues and pheromones together exhibited the most consistent positive response by larval T. granarium . However, the behavioral response of T. variabile was not consistently correlated with that of T. granarium . Our study contributes updated data that can be used by biosecurity experts in developing surveillance programs for T. granarium .
-
evaluation of methoprene treated packaging against Trogoderma granarium everts and Trogoderma inclusum leconte larval development and packaging penetration or invasion
Journal of Stored Products Research, 2019Co-Authors: Deanna S Scheff, Frank H Arthur, Scott W MyersAbstract:Abstract Trogoderma granarium Everts, khapra beetle, and Trogoderma inclusum LeConte, larger cabinet beetle, are highly destructive insect species that can infest a variety of food sources. Methoprene is an insect growth regulator, IGR, and recently has been incorporated into packaging materials as a treatment option for packaged grain, food, birdseed, and feed products, and labeled for this use by the US Environmental Protection Agency. The objective of this research was to investigate the effect of continual exposure to this novel packaging technology on the development of T. inclusum and T. granarium larvae, and its potential use as a packaging treatment to prevent the penetration or invasion of T. inclusum and T. granarium into food packages. The methoprene-treated packaging incorporated into Kraft paper, woven bag material, polyethylene-polyethylene (PE-PE) material, and a polyethylene terephthalate-polyethylene (PET-PE) material, reduced normal adult emergence of exposed larvae. No normal adult emergence was observed on the inside surface of the PET-PE material. The polymer-based materials were the most effective at preventing penetration or invasion by Trogoderma spp. Only 2% of packages were invaded among all packaging treatment combinations compared to 16.7% invasion of untreated packages. The materials were ranked in effectiveness as Kraft
-
susceptibility of Trogoderma granarium everts and Trogoderma inclusum leconte coleoptera dermestidae to residual contact insecticides
Journal of Stored Products Research, 2017Co-Authors: Mukti N Ghimire, Frank H Arthur, Scott W Myers, Thomas W PhillipsAbstract:Abstract Commercial formulations of the pyrethroid insecticides β-cyfluthrin and deltamethrin were evaluated for delayed mortality of Trogoderma granarium (Everts), the khapra beetle, and T. inclusum (LeConte), the larger cabinet beetle. Ten 3-4 week-old larvae of either species were exposed on treated concrete arenas for 1, 2, 3, and 7 d then transferred into 175 ml diet cups containing 5 g of untreated rearing media for 30 d to evaluate delayed mortality. In a subsequent study, residual efficacy of β-cyfluthrin, deltamethrin, and chlorfenapyr was evaluated at 0–12 wks post-treatment against adults and larvae of a laboratory and a field strain of T. granarium. Ten adults or larvae of either strain were exposed on treated arenas at selected wks post-treatment and mortality was assessed after 4 and 30 d of exposure for adults and larvae, respectively. In the first study, delayed morality of T. granarium and T. inclusum larvae was
-
residual efficacy of deltamethrin and β cyfluthrin against Trogoderma variabile and Trogoderma inclusum coleoptera dermestidae
Journal of Stored Products Research, 2016Co-Authors: Mukti N Ghimire, Frank H Arthur, Scott W Myers, Thomas W PhillipsAbstract:Abstract Trogroderma variabile Ballion, warehouse beetle, and Trogoderma inclusum LeConte, larger cabinet beetle, are dermestid pests of stored products. A series of laboratory bioassays were conducted to evaluate residual toxicity of the pyrethroids deltamethrin and β-cyfluthrin, applied on a concrete surface substrate for control of adults and larvae of both species, to provide initial baseline susceptibility data for dermestids. Commercial formulations were applied at calculated deposition rates of 8, 16, and 24 mg active ingredient [AI] per m2 for deltamethrin and 10 and 20 mg active ingredient [AI] per m2 for β-cyfluthrin. Ten adults or larvae of either species were introduced to individual untreated and treated arenas at 0, 0.5, 1, 2, and 3 mo post-treatment. Adult mortality was evaluated after 4 d of exposure with no food provided, and larval mortality was assessed 30 d after exposure with provision of food. Adult mortality of both species exposed to both insecticides ranged from 72.4 ± 6.9 to 100% depending on exposure interval. Larval mortality ranged from 18.3 ± 5.4 to 96.7 ± 2.1% on arenas treated with deltamethrin, and was significantly lower than adult mortality (P
