The Experts below are selected from a list of 174 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
John L Gittleman - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
the social organization of the Kinkajou potos flavus procyonidae
Journal of Zoology, 2001Co-Authors: R W Kays, John L GittlemanAbstract:The social organization of the Kinkajou Potos fiavus is described from 380 h of observations on habituated, free-ranging animals. Individuals were most often alone while feeding at night, yet they regularly interacted in stable social groups, Four social groups were observed, each consisting of a single adult female, two adult males, one sub-adult and one juvenile. At least one breeding female was solitary and did not reside within a group. Social groups were consolidated primarily at denning sites and large fruiting trees by group feeding, allogrooming and scent marking. However, Kinkajous were most often observed solitarily, as social feeding only occurred in 19.6 of total feeding bouts (mainly among males) and individuals rarely travelled together. Although the composition of social groups was polyandrous, males also copulated with non-group females which suggests a promiscuous mating system. Female-biased dispersal and patterns of male association seem to be patrilineal and based on resource defence. The evolution of social organization in the Kinkajou is discussed in relation to predation risk, resource availability, and convergence with primates of similar fission--fusion socioecology.
-
microsatellite analysis of Kinkajou social organization
Molecular Ecology, 2000Co-Authors: R W Kays, John L Gittleman, Robert K WayneAbstract:: Kinkajou social groups generally consist of one adult female, two males, one subadult and one juvenile. Based on analysis of variation in 11 microsatellite loci, we assess the degree of kinship within and between four social groups totaling 25 Kinkajous. We use exclusion and likelihood analyses to assign parents for seven of the eight offspring sampled, five with >/= 95% certainty, and two with >/= 80% certainty. Five of six identified sires of group offspring came from the same social group as the mother and pup. Adult males and females within a group were unrelated and subadults and juveniles were offspring of the group adults, suggesting a family structure. All five identified paternities within a social group were by the dominant male of the group. However, this copulation asymmetry does not necessarily reflect cooperation due to kinship ties between the two adult males within a group as one of two adult male pairs sampled was unrelated. Neighbouring male Kinkajous were more closely related to each other than neighbouring female Kinkajous, suggesting that females disperse more often or farther than males.
R W Kays - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
the social organization of the Kinkajou potos flavus procyonidae
Journal of Zoology, 2001Co-Authors: R W Kays, John L GittlemanAbstract:The social organization of the Kinkajou Potos fiavus is described from 380 h of observations on habituated, free-ranging animals. Individuals were most often alone while feeding at night, yet they regularly interacted in stable social groups, Four social groups were observed, each consisting of a single adult female, two adult males, one sub-adult and one juvenile. At least one breeding female was solitary and did not reside within a group. Social groups were consolidated primarily at denning sites and large fruiting trees by group feeding, allogrooming and scent marking. However, Kinkajous were most often observed solitarily, as social feeding only occurred in 19.6 of total feeding bouts (mainly among males) and individuals rarely travelled together. Although the composition of social groups was polyandrous, males also copulated with non-group females which suggests a promiscuous mating system. Female-biased dispersal and patterns of male association seem to be patrilineal and based on resource defence. The evolution of social organization in the Kinkajou is discussed in relation to predation risk, resource availability, and convergence with primates of similar fission--fusion socioecology.
-
microsatellite analysis of Kinkajou social organization
Molecular Ecology, 2000Co-Authors: R W Kays, John L Gittleman, Robert K WayneAbstract:: Kinkajou social groups generally consist of one adult female, two males, one subadult and one juvenile. Based on analysis of variation in 11 microsatellite loci, we assess the degree of kinship within and between four social groups totaling 25 Kinkajous. We use exclusion and likelihood analyses to assign parents for seven of the eight offspring sampled, five with >/= 95% certainty, and two with >/= 80% certainty. Five of six identified sires of group offspring came from the same social group as the mother and pup. Adult males and females within a group were unrelated and subadults and juveniles were offspring of the group adults, suggesting a family structure. All five identified paternities within a social group were by the dominant male of the group. However, this copulation asymmetry does not necessarily reflect cooperation due to kinship ties between the two adult males within a group as one of two adult male pairs sampled was unrelated. Neighbouring male Kinkajous were more closely related to each other than neighbouring female Kinkajous, suggesting that females disperse more often or farther than males.
-
Food Preferences of Kinkajous (Potos flaws): A Frugivorous Carnivore
Journal of Mammalogy, 1999Co-Authors: R W KaysAbstract:The diet of the Kinkajou ( Potos flavus ) is described from analyses of feces and observations of habituated individuals. Ripe fruit was the primary food comprising 90.6% of feeding bouts and present in 99% of feces. Leaves and flowers made up
Jose Manuel Pernalete - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
management and reproduction of the Kinkajou potosflavus at barquisimeto zoo
International Zoo Yearbook, 1997Co-Authors: Jose Manuel PernaleteAbstract:The Kinkajou Potos ftuvus is arboreal and largely nocturnal. At time of writing 3.3 are housed at Barquisimeto Zoo. In 2 years only one pair have bred This paper describes the management of the specie; at the Zoo giving information on the enclosure and diet, and the rearing and development of young.
D. Macdonald - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Sociality, group size, and reproductive supression among carnivores
Advances in the Study of Behavior, 1995Co-Authors: Scott Creel, D. MacdonaldAbstract:The order Carnivora is diverse in many respects. Carnivore body mass ranges from 80-g weasels (Mustela spp.) to 800-kg polar bears (Thelarctos maritimus), spanning five orders of magnitude (Ewer, 1973; Macdonals, 1992). Imagine a pack of 10,000 weasels and you see the range of body mass found among carnivores. Their shapes and habits vary from the weasel, adapted for pursuit of rodents through tunnels, to the binturong (Nandina binotata), a slow-moving arboreal frugivore, to the African wild dog (Lycaon pictus), adapted to agile pursuit of antelope through bushveld, to the explosive power of the lion (Panthera leo), to the massive bulk of the polar bear. Parallel to their physical diversity is a broad variation in ecology. Fissiped carnivores (which exclude the seals and sea lions) can be found under land, among trees, and in fresh- or seawater. They occur in habitats as open as Arctic tundra and shortgrass savannah (e.g. wolves Canis lupus; cheetahs Acinonyx jubatus) and in those as closed as rainforest (e.g. palm civets Paradoxurus hermaphroditus; coatis Nasua narica). Although most carnivores share a pair of carnassial teeth, designed as a meat-shearing edge adn inherited from Eocene ancestors (Martin, 1989), contemporary carnivores' diets include nearly pure carnivory (mainly felids and mustelids), omnivory (ursids, many canids, and solitary herppestids), insectivory (social herpestids), frugivory (some viverrids and the Kinkajou, Potos flavus), and herbivory (alurids and ailuropodids, Ewer, 1973; van Valkenburgh, 1989). Recorded home range sizes vary from less than 0.04 km2 for female stoats (Mustela erminea) in dense populations (Erlinge and Sandell, 1986) to more than 1,000 km2 in low-density African wild dog populations (Frame, Malcom, Frame and van Lawick, 1979)...
Robert K Wayne - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Phylogeny of the Procyonidae (Mammalia: Carnivora): Molecules, morphology and the Great American Interchange
Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 2006Co-Authors: Klaus-peter Koepfli, Matthew E. Gompper, Eduardo Eizirik, Cheuk-chung Ho, Leif Linden, Jesús E. Maldonado, Robert K WayneAbstract:The Procyonidae (Mammalia: Carnivora) have played a central role in resolving the controversial systematics of the giant and red pandas, but phylogenetic relationships of species within the family itself have received much less attention. Cladistic analyses of morphological characters conducted during the last two decades have resulted in topologies that group ecologically and morphologically similar taxa together. SpeciWcally, the highly arboreal and frugivorous Kinkajou (Potos Xavus) and olingos (Bassaricyon) deWne one clade, whereas the more terrestrial and omnivorous coatis (Nasua), raccoons (Procyon), and ringtails (Bassariscus) deWne another clade, with the similar-sized Nasua and Procyon joined as sister taxa in this latter group. These relationships, however, have not been tested with molecular sequence data. We examined procyonid phylogenetics based on combined data from nine nuclear and two mitochondrial gene segments totaling 6534 bp. We were able to fully resolve relationships within the family with strongly supported and congruent results from maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood, minimum evolution, and Bayesian analyses. We identiWed three distinct lineages within the family: a (Nasua, Bassaricyon) clade, a (Bassariscus, Procyon) clade, and a Potos lineage, the last of which is sister to the other two clades. These Wndings, which are in strong disagreement with prior fossil and morphology-based assessments of procyonid relationships, reemphasize the morphological and ecological Xexibility of these taxa. In particular, morphological similarities between unrelated genera possibly reXect convergence associated with similar lifestyles and diets rather than ancestry. Furthermore, incongruence between the molecular supermatrix and a morphological character matrix comprised mostly of dental characters [Baskin, J.A., 2004. Bassariscus and Probassariscus (Mammalia, Carnivora, Procyonidae) from the early Barstovian (Middle Miocene). J. Vert. Paleo. 24, 709–720] may be due to non-independence among atomized dental characters that does not take into account the high developmental genetic correlation of these characters. Finally, molecular divergence dating analyses using a relaxed molecular clock approach suggest that intergeneric and intrageneric splits in the Procyonidae mostly occurred in the Miocene. The inferred divergence times for intrageneric splits for several genera whose ranges are bisected by the Panamanian Isthmus is signiWcant because they suggest diversiWcation well precedes the Great
-
microsatellite analysis of Kinkajou social organization
Molecular Ecology, 2000Co-Authors: R W Kays, John L Gittleman, Robert K WayneAbstract:: Kinkajou social groups generally consist of one adult female, two males, one subadult and one juvenile. Based on analysis of variation in 11 microsatellite loci, we assess the degree of kinship within and between four social groups totaling 25 Kinkajous. We use exclusion and likelihood analyses to assign parents for seven of the eight offspring sampled, five with >/= 95% certainty, and two with >/= 80% certainty. Five of six identified sires of group offspring came from the same social group as the mother and pup. Adult males and females within a group were unrelated and subadults and juveniles were offspring of the group adults, suggesting a family structure. All five identified paternities within a social group were by the dominant male of the group. However, this copulation asymmetry does not necessarily reflect cooperation due to kinship ties between the two adult males within a group as one of two adult male pairs sampled was unrelated. Neighbouring male Kinkajous were more closely related to each other than neighbouring female Kinkajous, suggesting that females disperse more often or farther than males.
