The Experts below are selected from a list of 327 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Christine Hamlin - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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a regional investigation of Subadult dietary patterns and health in late iron age and roman dorset england
Journal of Archaeological Science, 2012Co-Authors: Rebecca C Redfern, Andrew R Millard, Christine HamlinAbstract:Abstract This is the first regional analysis of the impact of Romanisation on Subadult dietary patterns and related health parameters in Britain. A sample of 200 Subadults from late Iron Age (LIA) and Romano-British (RB) Dorset were examined for dental health and specific metabolic diseases, and a sub-sample of 29 individuals were selected for nitrogen and carbon isotope analysis. The results showed that dental health declined in the Romano-British period and the incidence of scurvy and rickets rose. Increased consumption of marine foods in the RB period is indicated by an increase in δ 13 C between the LIA and RB Subadults. After early childhood, there was no age-dependent variation in dietary protein in the RB and LIA populations from Dorset. We propose that these changes related to the introduction of urban living, Romanised diets and population migration.
Liet Chim - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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combined effect of temperature and salinity on osmoregulation of juvenile and Subadult penaeus stylirostris
Aquaculture, 2002Co-Authors: Pierrette Lemaire, Eric Bernard, J Martinezpaz, Liet ChimAbstract:In New Caledonia, the “syndrome 93,” which results in mass mortalities of farmed shrimp Penaeus stylirostris, occurs during the transitional and the cold seasons. The transitional season is characterized by an important fall in the average water temperature from 28 to 19 °C in 2 weeks. Besides this marked temperature fall, there are also nyctemeral temperature changes of up to 7 °C in 12 h. The cold season is characterized by an average water temperature of 19 °C with extreme lows of 14 °C. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of temperature and its variations on the osmoregulatory capacity of juvenile (7–10 g average weight) and Subadult (25 g average weight) shrimps subjected to conditions of different salinity. A reduction in temperature level resulted in a decreased osmoregulatory capacity (OC) (defined as the difference between the osmolality of the haemolymph and that of sea water) at low salinity (hyper-CO) and at high salinity (hypo-CO), respectively, below and above the isoosmotic point (26.2 ppt). In Subadult shrimps, the hyper-CO was affected when temperature dropped from 26 to 22 °C. The hypo-CO was modified only when temperature decreased down to 15 °C. Furthermore, the sensitiveness of osmoregulation to temperature changes was dependent on the developmental stage of the shrimp. Subadults were more sensitive than juvenile animals. The value of the isoosmotic point, which did not depend on the shrimp developmental stage, increased when temperature decreased to 17 or 15 °C. Our results provide an additional explanation of the “syndrome 93” and display the unfavourable influence of marked temperature drop on shrimp health. Our research could provide a possibility of seeking a nutritional and/or genetic solution to improve the capacity of the shrimps to maintain their homeostasis within a rearing medium with fluctuating temperatures.
Charlotte A Roberts - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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a study of non specific stress indicators and skeletal growth in two mediaeval Subadult populations
Journal of Archaeological Science, 1996Co-Authors: Isabelle Ribot, Charlotte A RobertsAbstract:Pathological and cross-sectional growth data were collected and analysed on Subadult skeletons from the early (Raunds) and late (Chichester) Mediaeval Periods. Following age estimations and measurements of all long bone diaphyseal lengths, non-specific stress indicators were recorded according to various criteria (degrees of severity, distribution and healing) and were as follows: dental enamel hypoplasia, porosity on the ectocranial surface of the skull (orbital and vault lesions), subperiosteal new bone formation on long bones and the ectocranial surface of the skull, and Harris lines. It was postulated that their frequencies may indicate a diVerent general health status between the two populations. Growth curves of the two mediaeval populations were also constructed correlating all skeletal measurements with dental calcification ages. Simultaneously, each Subadult was diVerentiated into very stressed individuals (at least more than one stress indicator present) and less or unstressed individuals (only one stress indicator or none evident) in order to detect any influence of stress on growth. The resulting growth rates of long bone lengths were not systematically diVerent between the two groups of individuals and it appeared that these Subadults were reasonably well adapted to stress. However, the interpretation of the results remains diYcult, as growth is so variable and the aetiology of stress indicators so hypothetical. ? 1996 Academic Press Limited
Rebecca C Redfern - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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a regional investigation of Subadult dietary patterns and health in late iron age and roman dorset england
Journal of Archaeological Science, 2012Co-Authors: Rebecca C Redfern, Andrew R Millard, Christine HamlinAbstract:Abstract This is the first regional analysis of the impact of Romanisation on Subadult dietary patterns and related health parameters in Britain. A sample of 200 Subadults from late Iron Age (LIA) and Romano-British (RB) Dorset were examined for dental health and specific metabolic diseases, and a sub-sample of 29 individuals were selected for nitrogen and carbon isotope analysis. The results showed that dental health declined in the Romano-British period and the incidence of scurvy and rickets rose. Increased consumption of marine foods in the RB period is indicated by an increase in δ 13 C between the LIA and RB Subadults. After early childhood, there was no age-dependent variation in dietary protein in the RB and LIA populations from Dorset. We propose that these changes related to the introduction of urban living, Romanised diets and population migration.
Rosa Boano - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Subadult dietary variation at trino vercellese italy and its relationship to adult diet and mortality
American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 2016Co-Authors: Laurie J Reitsema, Giuseppe Vercellotti, Rosa BoanoAbstract:Objectives Early-life nutrition is a predisposing factor for later-life outcomes. This study tests the hypothesis that Subadults from medieval Trino Vercellese, Italy, who lived to adulthood consumed isotopically different diets compared with Subadults who died before reaching adulthood. We have previously used a life history approach, comparing dentine and bone of the same adult individuals (“Subadults who lived”), to elucidate dietary variation across the life span. Here, we examine diets of “Subadults who died” from the same population, estimated from Subadult rib collagen, to explore whether dietary behaviors of Subadults who lived differed from those of Subadults who died. Methods Forty-one Subadults aged six months to 14.5 years were studied through stable carbon and nitrogen isotope analysis of collagen. Results Individuals were weaned by age 4 years, with considerable variation in weaning ages overall. Post-weaning, diets of Subadults who died comprised significantly less animal protein than diets of Subadults who lived. Isotopic values of the two oldest individuals, 13.5 and 14.5 years, show the same status-based variation in diet as do adults from the population. Conclusions Our results suggest that incorporating animal protein in diet during growth and development supported medieval Subadults' ability to survive to adulthood. Isotopic similarities between adults and older Subadults suggest “adult” dietary behaviors were adopted in adolescence. Stable isotope evidence from Subadults bridges a disparity between ontogenetic age categories and socioculturally meaningful age categories in the past, and sheds light on the underpinnings of health, mortality, growth, and disease in the bioarchaeological record. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.