The Experts below are selected from a list of 360 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Lisa Maria Dellmuth - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the Knowledge Gap in world politics assessing the sources of citizen awareness of the united nations security council
Review of International Studies, 2016Co-Authors: Lisa Maria DellmuthAbstract:The past decades have seen a significant expansion in the scope and authority of international organisations (IOs), raising questions about who participates and is represented in the public contest ...
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the Knowledge Gap in world politics assessing the sources of citizen awareness of the united nations security council
Social Science Research Network, 2015Co-Authors: Lisa Maria DellmuthAbstract:The past decades have seen a significant expansion in the scope and authority of international organisations (IOs), raising questions about who participates and is represented in the public contestation of IOs. An important precondition for citizens to become critically involved in the public debate about an IO is that they are aware of the politics of that IO. This article sheds light on this largely unexplored issue, asking why some citizens are more aware of IOs than others. This question is examined in the context of a powerful international organization, the United Nations Security Council. A multilevel analysis of citizens in seventeen Asian and European countries suggests that citizen Knowledge about the Council is shaped by citizens’ individual income, cosmopolitan identity, and income inequality. Higher levels of Knowledge are found among the wealthier, and there is some evidence that income inequality depresses Knowledge among poorer citizens. Furthermore, citizens identifying with groups or individuals across nation-state borders are more likely to be aware of the Council. The article sketches broader implications for the study of the politicization of IOs and citizen representation in the public contestation of IOs.
Robert J Willis - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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computerization obsolescence and the length of working life
Labour Economics, 2021Co-Authors: Peter Hudomiet, Robert J WillisAbstract:This paper analyzes how computerization affected the labor market outcomes of older workers between 1984 and 2017. Using the computerization supplements of the Current Population Survey (CPS) we show that different occupations were computerized at different times, older workers tended to start using computers with a delay compared to younger workers, but computer use within occupations converged to the same levels across age groups eventually. That is, there was a temporary Knowledge Gap between younger and older workers in most occupations. We estimate how this Knowledge Gap affected older workers’ labor market outcomes using data from the CPS and the Health and Retirement Study. Our models control for occupation and time fixed effects and in some models; we also control for full occupation-time interactions and use middle aged (age 40-49) workers as the control group. We find strong and robust negative effects of the Knowledge Gap on wages, and a large, temporary increase in transitions from work to non-participation, consistent with a model of creative destruction in which the computerization of jobs made older workers’ skills obsolete in birth cohorts that experienced computerization relatively late in their careers. We find larger effects on females and on middle-skilled workers.
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computerization obsolescence and the length of working life
Social Science Research Network, 2021Co-Authors: Peter Hudomiet, Robert J WillisAbstract:This paper analyzes how computerization affected the labor market outcomes of older workers between 1984 and 2017. Using the computerization supplements of the Current Population Survey (CPS) we show that different occupations were computerized at different times, older workers tended to start using computers with a delay compared to younger workers, but computer use within occupations converged to the same levels across age groups eventually. That is, there was a temporary Knowledge Gap between younger and older workers in most occupations. We estimate how this Knowledge Gap affected older workers’ labor market outcomes using data from the CPS and the Health and Retirement Study. Our models control for occupation and time fixed effects and in some models; we also control for full occupation-time interactions and use middle aged (age 40-49) workers as the control group. We find strong and robust negative effects of the Knowledge Gap on wages, and a large, temporary increase in transitions from work to non-participation, consistent with a model of creative destruction in which the computerization of jobs made older workers’ skills obsolete in birth cohorts that experienced computerization relatively late in their careers. We find larger effects on females and on middle-skilled workers. Institutional subscribers to the NBER working paper series, and residents of developing countries may download this paper without additional charge at www.nber.org.
Bryan Tysinger - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the future of the elderly population health status filling a Knowledge Gap
Health Economics, 2021Co-Authors: Vincenzo Atella, Federico Belotti, Daejung Kim, Dana P Goldman, Tadeja Gracner, Andrea Piano Mortari, Bryan TysingerAbstract:The aging process in OECD countries calls for a better understanding of the future disease prevalence, life expectancy (LE) and patterns of inequalities in health outcomes. In this paper we present the results obtained from several dynamic microsimulation models of the Future Elderly Model family for 12 OECD countries, with the aim of reproducing for the first time comparable long-term projections in individual health status across OECD countries. We provide projections of LE and prevalence of major chronic conditions and disabilities, overall, by gender and by education. We find that the prevalence of main chronic conditions in Europe is catching-up with the United States and significant heterogeneity in the evolution of gender and educational gradients. Our findings represent a contribution to support policymakers in designing and implementing effective interventions in the healthcare sector.
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the future of the elderly population health status filling a Knowledge Gap
Social Science Research Network, 2020Co-Authors: Vincenzo Atella, Federico Belotti, Daejung Kim, Dana P Goldman, Tadeja Gracner, Andrea Piano Mortari, Bryan TysingerAbstract:The ageing process in OECD countries calls for a better understanding of the future disease prevalence, life expectancy and patterns of inequalities in health outcomes. In this paper we present the results obtained from several dynamic microsimulation models of the Future Elderly Model (FEM) family for thirteen OECD countries, with the aim of reproducing for the first time comparable longterm trends in individual health status across OECD. The FEM is a multi-risk multi-morbidity dynamic microsimulation model to project health status and health demand. Given the dynamic structure of the model, we allow individual health status to evolve over time according to individual characteristics. Our model provides forecasts of the evolution of life expectancy and prevalences of major chronic conditions and disabilities, overall, by gender and by education. We find a catch-up of the considered European countries main chronic conditions prevalence with the US and a relevant and persistent educational gradient in the health status of elderly patients. Our findings represent a valid contribution to support policy makers in designing and implementing effective interventions in the healthcare sector.
Kevin N Sheth - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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abstract 156 recurrent stroke in middle aged lacunar stroke survivors understanding risk factors and vulnerability in an important target population
Stroke, 2020Co-Authors: Rommell B Noche, Alessandro Biffi, Lauren H Sansing, Ashkhan Shoamanesh, Oscar R Benavente, Guido J Falcone, Kevin N ShethAbstract:Background: The precise role of stroke risk factors in middle-aged people remains a significant Knowledge Gap. Confounding risk factors conferred by young and elderly stroke are largely avoided, pr...
Manuel Boller - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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recover evidence and Knowledge Gap analysis on veterinary cpr part 1 evidence analysis and consensus process collaborative path toward small animal cpr guidelines
Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care, 2012Co-Authors: Manuel Boller, Daniel J FletcherAbstract:Objective To describe the methodology used by the Reassessment Campaign on Veterinary Resuscitation (RECOVER) to evaluate the scientific evidence relevant to small animal CPR and to compose consensus-based clinical CPR guidelines for dogs and cats. Design This report is part of a series of 7 articles on the RECOVER evidence and Knowledge Gap analysis and consensus-based small animal CPR guidelines. It describes the organizational structure of RECOVER, the evaluation process employed, consisting of standardized literature searches, the analysis of relevant articles according to study design, species and predefined quality markers, and the drafting of clinical CPR guidelines based on these data. Therefore, this article serves as the methodology section for the subsequent 6 RECOVER articles. Setting Academia, referral practice. Results RECOVER is a collaborative initiative that systematically evaluated the evidence on 74 topics relevant to small animal CPR and generated 101 clinical CPR guidelines from this analysis. All primary contributors were veterinary specialists, approximately evenly split between academic institutions and private referral practices. The evidence evaluation and guideline drafting processes were conducted according to a predefined sequence of steps designed to reduce bias and increase the repeatability of the findings, including multiple levels of review, culminating in a consensus process. Many Knowledge Gaps were identified that will allow prioritization of research efforts in veterinary CPR. Conclusions Collaborative systematic evidence review is organizationally challenging but feasible and effective in veterinary medicine. More experience is needed to refine the process.
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recover evidence and Knowledge Gap analysis on veterinary cpr part 7 clinical guidelines
Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care, 2012Co-Authors: Daniel J Fletcher, Manuel Boller, Benjamin M Brainard, Steven C Haskins, Katrina Hopper, Maureen Mcmichael, Elizabeth A Rozanski, John E Rush, Sean D SmarickAbstract:Objective – To present a series of evidence-based, consensus guidelines for veterinary CPR in dogs and cats. Design – Standardized, systematic evaluation of the literature, categorization of relevant articles according to level of evidence and quality, and development of consensus on conclusions for application of the concepts to clinical practice. Questions in five domains were examined: Preparedness and Prevention, Basic Life Support, Advanced Life Support, Monitoring, and Post-Cardiac Arrest Care. Standardized worksheet templates were used for each question, and the results reviewed by the domain members, by the RECOVER committee, and opened for comments by veterinary professionals for 4 weeks. Clinical guidelines were devised from these findings and again reviewed and commented on by the different entities within RECOVER as well as by veterinary professionals. Setting – Academia, referral practice and general practice. Results – A total of 74 worksheets were prepared to evaluate questions across the five domains. A series of 101 individual clinical guidelines were generated. In addition, a CPR algorithm, resuscitation drug-dosing scheme, and postcardiac arrest care algorithm were developed. Conclusions – Although many Knowledge Gaps were identified, specific clinical guidelines for small animal veterinary CPR were generated from this evidence-based process. Future work is needed to objectively evaluate the effects of these new clinical guidelines on CPR outcome, and to address the Knowledge Gaps identified through this process.
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recover evidence and Knowledge Gap analysis on veterinary cpr part 3 basic life support
Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care, 2012Co-Authors: Kate Hopper, Daniel J Fletcher, Steven E Epstein, Manuel BollerAbstract:Objective To systematically examine the evidence on basic life support (BLS) in veterinary CPR and to determine Knowledge Gaps. Design Standardized, systematic evaluation of the literature, categorization of relevant articles according to level of evidence and quality, and development of consensus on conclusions for application of the concepts to clinical practice. Relevant questions were answered on a worksheet template and reviewed by the Reassessment Campaign on Veterinary Resuscitation (RECOVER) BLS domain members, by the RECOVER committee and opened for comments by veterinary professionals for 30 days. Setting Academia, referral practice, and general practice. Results Sixteen worksheets were prepared to evaluate techniques for chest compression and ventilation strategies as well as identification of cardiopulmonary arrest (CPA). Major recommendations arising from this evidence review include performing chest compressions at a rate of at least 100/min at a compression depth of one-third to half the width of the chest with minimal pauses, and early instigation of ventilation at a rate of 8–10 breaths/min in intubated patients, or using a 30:2 compression/ventilation ratio in nonintubated patients. Conclusions Although veterinary clinical trials are lacking, much of the experimental literature on BLS utilized canine models. The major conclusions from this analysis of the literature are the importance of early identification of CPA, and immediate initiation of BLS in these patients. Many Knowledge Gaps exist, most importantly in our understanding of the optimal hand placement and technique for chest compressions, warranting coordinated future studies targeted at questions of relevance to differences between veterinary species and humans.
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recover evidence and Knowledge Gap analysis on veterinary cpr part 4 advanced life support
Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care, 2012Co-Authors: Elizabeth A Rozanski, Daniel J Fletcher, John E Rush, Gareth J Buckley, Manuel BollerAbstract:Objective To systematically evaluate the evidence of the effect of advanced life support techniques on outcome in veterinary cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and to outline Knowledge Gaps. Design Standardized, systematic evaluation of the literature, categorization of relevant articles according to level of evidence and quality, and development of consensus on conclusions for application of the concepts to clinical practice. Setting Academia, referral practice, and general practice Results Sixteen population, intervention, control group, outcome questions were evaluated to determine if recommendations could be made concerning drug therapy, including vasopressors, vagolytics, corticosteroids, reversal agents, buffer therapy, and correction of electrolyte disturbances. Electrical defibrillation strategies as well as other advanced interventions such as open-chest CPR, impedance threshold devices, and special considerations regarding anesthesia-related cardiopulmonary arrest (CPA) were also investigated. Conclusions There is strong evidence supporting the use of standard-dose (0.01 mg/kg) epinephrine in CPR, as well as early electrical defibrillation for animals experiencing CPA due to ventricular fibrillation or pulseless ventricular tachycardia, preferentially using a biphasic defibrillator. For CPA due to certain causes and with the availability of advanced postcardiac arrest support, open chest CPR is preferred. Many Knowledge Gaps regarding other pharmacologic and advanced therapies were identified, and further studies are recommended to better systematically address these questions.
