The Experts below are selected from a list of 285 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Bernd Irlenbusch - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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sabotage in tournaments evidence from a Laboratory Experiment
Management Science, 2011Co-Authors: Christine Harbring, Bernd IrlenbuschAbstract:Although relative performance schemes are pervasive in organizations, reliable empirical data on induced sabotage behavior are almost nonexistent. We study sabotage in repeated tournaments in a controlled Laboratory Experiment and observe that effort and sabotage are higher for higher wage spreads. Additionally, we find that also in the presence of tournament incentives, agents react reciprocally to higher wages by exerting higher effort. Destructive activities are reduced by explicitly calling them by their name “sabotage.” Communication among principal and agents can curb sabotage when they agree on flat prize structures and increased output. If sabotage is not possible, the principals choose tournament incentives more often. This paper was accepted by Peter Wakker, decision analysis.
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sabotage in tournaments evidence from a Laboratory Experiment
2009Co-Authors: Christine Harbring, Bernd IrlenbuschAbstract:Although relative performance schemes are pervasive in organizations reliable empirical data on induced sabotage behavior is almost non-existent. We study sabotage in tournaments in a controlled Laboratory Experiment and are able to confirm one of the key insights from theory: effort and sabotage increase with the wage spread. Additionally, we find that even in the presence of tournament incentives, agents react reciprocally to higher wages, which mitigates the sabotage problem. Destructive activities are reduced by explicitly calling them by their name 'sabotage'. Communication among principal and agents curbs sabotage due to agreements on flat prize structures and increased output.
Christine Harbring - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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sabotage in tournaments evidence from a Laboratory Experiment
Management Science, 2011Co-Authors: Christine Harbring, Bernd IrlenbuschAbstract:Although relative performance schemes are pervasive in organizations, reliable empirical data on induced sabotage behavior are almost nonexistent. We study sabotage in repeated tournaments in a controlled Laboratory Experiment and observe that effort and sabotage are higher for higher wage spreads. Additionally, we find that also in the presence of tournament incentives, agents react reciprocally to higher wages by exerting higher effort. Destructive activities are reduced by explicitly calling them by their name “sabotage.” Communication among principal and agents can curb sabotage when they agree on flat prize structures and increased output. If sabotage is not possible, the principals choose tournament incentives more often. This paper was accepted by Peter Wakker, decision analysis.
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sabotage in tournaments evidence from a Laboratory Experiment
2009Co-Authors: Christine Harbring, Bernd IrlenbuschAbstract:Although relative performance schemes are pervasive in organizations reliable empirical data on induced sabotage behavior is almost non-existent. We study sabotage in tournaments in a controlled Laboratory Experiment and are able to confirm one of the key insights from theory: effort and sabotage increase with the wage spread. Additionally, we find that even in the presence of tournament incentives, agents react reciprocally to higher wages, which mitigates the sabotage problem. Destructive activities are reduced by explicitly calling them by their name 'sabotage'. Communication among principal and agents curbs sabotage due to agreements on flat prize structures and increased output.
Ian K. Craig - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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A Laboratory Experiment to teach closed-loop system identification
IEEE Transactions on Education, 2004Co-Authors: E. De Klerk, Ian K. CraigAbstract:In this paper, a Laboratory Experiment, which was developed to teach undergraduate students at the University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa, some of the main issues regarding closed-loop system identification, is discussed. In this Experiment, a plant is identified both from open-loop and closed-loop data. The model obtained from the open-loop data is used as reference to evaluate a closed-loop system identification approach. A motivation for closed-loop system identification and a Laboratory Experiment in this field is given. The Experiment is outlined, each step is discussed, and the Experiment is evaluated. This Experiment shows that closed-loop system identification can be taught in an uncomplicated manner.
Arturo Elosegi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Testing wastewater treatment plant effluent effects on microbial and detritivore performance: A combined field and Laboratory Experiment
Aquatic toxicology (Amsterdam Netherlands), 2018Co-Authors: Libe Solagaistua, Ioar De Guzmán, Miren Barrado, Leire Mijangos, Nestor Etxebarria, Gonzalo García-baquero, Aitor Larrañaga, Daniel Von Schiller, Arturo ElosegiAbstract:Abstract The amount of pollutants and nutrients entering rivers via point sources is increasing along with human population and activity. Although wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) greatly reduce pollutant loads into the environment, excess nutrient loading is a problem in many streams. Using a Community and Ecosystem Function (CEF) approach, we quantified the effects of WWTP effluent on the performance of microbes and detritivores associated to organic matter decomposition, a key ecosystem process. We measured organic matter breakdown rates, respiration rates and exo-enzymatic activities of aquatic microbes. We also measured food consumption and growth rates and RNA to body-mass ratios (RNA:BM) of a dominant amphipod Echinogammarus berilloni. We predicted responses to follow a subsidy-stress pattern and differences between treatments to increase over time. To examine temporal effects of effluent, we performed a Laboratory microcosm Experiment under a range of effluent concentrations (0, 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100%), taking samples over time (days 8, 15 and 30; 4 and 10 replicates to assess microbe and detritivore performance respectively, per treatment and day). This Experiment was combined with a field in situ Before-After Control-Impact Paired (BACIP) Experiment whereby we added WWTP effluent poured (10 L s−1 during 20–40 min every 2 h) into a stream and collected microbial and detritivore samples at days 8 and 15 (5 and 15 replicates to assess the microbe and detritivore performance respectively, per period, reach and sampling day). Responses were clearer in the Laboratory Experiment, where the effluent caused a general subsidy response. Field measures did not show any significant response, probably because of the high dilution of the effluent in stream water (average of 1.6%). None of the measured variables in any of the Experiments followed the predicted subsidy-stress response. Microbial breakdown, respiration rates, exo-enzymatic activities and invertebrate RNA:BM increased with effluent concentrations. Differences in microbial respiration and exo-enzymatic activities among effluent treatments increased with incubation time, whereas microbial breakdown rates and RNA:BM were consistent over time. At the end of the Laboratory Experiment, microbial respiration rates increased 156% and RN:BM 115% at 100% effluent concentration. Detritivore consumption and growth rates increased asymptotically, and both responses increased with by incubation time. Our results indicate that WWTP effluent stimulates microbial activities and alters detritivore performance, and stream water dilution may mitigate these effects.
Elosegi Irurtia Arturo - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Testing Wastewater Treatment Plant Effluent Effects on Microbial and Detritivore Performance: a Combined Field and Laboratory Experiment
'Elsevier BV', 2018Co-Authors: Solagaistua Zabala Libe, De Guzmán Martínez, Miren Ioar, Barrado Miren, Mijangos Treviño Leire, Etxebarria Loizate Nestor, García Baquero Gonzalo, Larrañaga Arrizabalaga Aitor, Von Schiller Calle, Daniel Gaspar, Elosegi Irurtia ArturoAbstract:The amount of pollutants and nutrients entering rivers via point sources is increasing along with human population and activity. Although wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) greatly reduce pollutant loads into the environment, excess nutrient loading is a problem in many streams. Using a Community and Ecosystem Function (CEF) approach, we quantified the effects of WWTP effluent on the performance of microbes and detritivores associated to organic matter decomposition, a key ecosystem process. We measured organic matter breakdown rates, respiration rates and exo-enzymatic activities of aquatic microbes. We also measured food consumption and growth rates and RNA to body-mass ratios (RNA:BM) of a dominant amphipod Echinogammarus berilloni. We predicted responses to follow a subsidy-stress pattern and differences between treatments to increase over time. To examine temporal effects of effluent, we performed a Laboratory microcosm Experiment under a range of effluent concentrations (0, 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100%), taking samples over time (days 8, 15 and 30; 4 and 10 replicates to assess microbe and detritivore performance respectively, per treatment and day). This Experiment was combined with a field in situ Before-After Control-Impact Paired (BACIP) Experiment whereby we added WWTP effluent poured (10 L s(-1) during 20-40 min every 2 h) into a stream and collected microbial and detritivore samples at days 8 and 15 (5 and 15 replicates to assess the microbe and detritivore performance respectively, per period, reach and sampling day). Responses were clearer in the Laboratory Experiment, where the effluent caused a general subsidy response. Field measures did not show any significant response, probably because of the high dilution of the effluent in stream water (average of 1.6%). None of the measured variables in any of the Experiments followed the predicted subsidy-stress response. Microbial breakdown, respiration rates, exo-enzymatic activities and invertebrate RNA:BM increased with effluent concentrations. Differences in microbial respiration and exo-enzymatic activities among effluent treatments increased with incubation time, whereas microbial breakdown rates and RNA:BM were consistent over time. At the end of the Laboratory Experiment, microbial respiration rates increased 156% and RN:BM 115% at 100% effluent concentration. Detritivore consumption and growth rates increased asymptotically, and both responses increased with by incubation time. Our results indicate that WWTP effluent stimulates microbial activities and alters detritivore performance, and stream water dilution may mitigate these effects.This work has been supported by the EU7th Framework Programme Funding under Grant agreement no. 603629-ENV-2013-6.2.1-Globaqua. We also acknowledge financial support in terms of pre doctoral grants from the University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU (L. Solagaistua) and the Basque Government (I. de Guzman, L. Mijangos). The manuscript benefited greatly from the valuable comments of John Kominoski and two anonymous referees. Also SGIker technical and human support (UPV/EHU, MICINN, GV/EJ, ESF) is gratefully acknowledged
