The Experts below are selected from a list of 312 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Eithne Mclaughlin - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Work and Welfare Benefits: Social Security, Employment and Unemployment in the 1990s
Journal of Social Policy, 1991Co-Authors: Eithne MclaughlinAbstract:This paper considers social security policy and structures in relation to the Labour market of the late 1980s and 1990s. The paper begins by describing the Labour market of the late 1980s and summarising projective descriptions of Labour demand in the 1990s. The second section of the paper reports on recent research examining the Labour Supply Behaviour of long term unemployed people, drawing out the role of social security policy and structures therein. The third section of the paper concludes that the role of social security policy is at present essentially reactive rather than proactive; that it does little to address the likely need for Labour of certain kinds in the 1990s; and that efforts to address the problem of long term unemployment through social security policy have been largely misdirected. The final section of the paper briefly considers some of the ways in which social security systems can be more proactive and suggests a number of both short term and longer term policy changes which research indicates would be of benefit in the UK.
Patricia Apps - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Tax reform, population ageing and the changing Labour Supply Behaviour of married women
Journal of Population Economics, 1991Co-Authors: Patricia AppsAbstract:The burden of financing retirement incomes in an ageing population is predicted to rise sharply in future decades. This paper investigates the effects of reforms to the Australian tax-benefit system involving a greater reliance on proportional taxation for raising revenue and a more targeted welfare system for cutting government expenditure, in order to reduce expected budget deficits. Estimates of changes in net incomes and hours of work suggest that reforms of this kind shift the tax burden to lower and middle income households with a second earner and that they can have counter-productive Labour Supply effects. The study explores the impact of projected increases in female work force participation and illustrates the importance of shifts in the Labour Supply of married women in predicting the fiscal effects of demographic change.
John Creedy - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Education Vouchers and Labour Supply
Australian Journal of Labour Economics, 2010Co-Authors: John CreedyAbstract:This paper compares Labour Supply Behaviour under a uniform education voucher system with one involving a means-tested scheme in which the voucher is subject to a taper or withdrawal rate as parental gross income increases. Particular attention is given to the implications of nonlinear budget constraints. Parents maximise a utility function which includes their consumption, leisure and the human capital of children. The human capital production function has inputs consisting of parental human capital and expenditure on education.
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Labour Supply Incentives in Alternative Tax and Transfer Schemes: A Diagrammatic Introduction
The Australian Economic Review, 2004Co-Authors: John CreedyAbstract:The aim of this paper is to illustrate some of the complexities involved in modelling the incentive effects of taxes and transfers, using only basic diagrammatic methods. It describes a range of diagrams which are helpful in thinking about the design of tax and transfer systems and their potential effects on Labour Supply Behaviour. Emphasis is given to the role of highly nonlinear budget constraints and the resulting wide range of Labour Supply responses. (This abstract was borrowed from another version of this item.)
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Labour Supply Incentives in Alternative Tax and Transfer Schemes: A Diagrammatic Introduction
2003Co-Authors: John CreedyAbstract:The aim of this paper is to illustrate some of the complexities involved in modelling the incentive effects of taxes and transfers, using only basic diagrammatic methods. It describes a range of diagrams which are helpful in thinking about the design of tax and transfer systems and their potential effects on Labour Supply Behaviour. Emphasis is given to the role of highly nonlinear budget constraints and the resulting wide range of Labour Supply responses.
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Quadratic Utility, Labour Supply and the Welfare Effects of Tax Changes
Australian Journal of Labour Economics, 2001Co-Authors: John CreedyAbstract:This paper examines the use of the quadratic direct utility function in modelling Labour Supply Behaviour. This function has been used in recent empirical studies of Labour Supply. Emphasis is given to the treatment of welfare changes, involving the derivation of the expenditure function. A convenient expression for the Slutsky condition is also obtained. In examining welfare changes, special attention is given to possible movements to or from corner solutions, since these involve the use of virtual wages rather than observed net wages. In addition, changes in tax parameters can have income and price effects, in view of the endogeneity of the net (or virtual) wage rate and virtual income when faced with piecewise-linear budget constraints. Numerical examples illustrate the effects of tax changes on compensating and equivalent variations.
Tim Callan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The effects of taxation on married women's Labour Supply across four countries
Oxford Economic Papers, 2003Co-Authors: Nina Smith, Shirley Dex, Jan Dirk Vlasblom, Tim CallanAbstract:The Labour force participation rate of married women varies considerably between European countries. There may be several explanations for this evidence. In this study, the effect of the different income tax schemes on female Labour force participation is investigated and compared. A common Labour Supply function is estimated on cross-section household samples for each of the countries Britain, Denmark, Ireland, and East and West Germany. Based on the estimated Labour Supply functions, we calculate for each of the countries the hypothetical part time and full time participation rates of married women if the households were taxed by either separate or split taxation principles, as in Britain and Ireland, respectively. The results suggest that the design of the tax scheme is highly important for the economic incentives that married women face and their resulting Labour Supply Behaviour. Copyright 2003, Oxford University Press.
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Taxation of Spouses: A Cross-Country Study of the Effects on Married Women's Labour Supply
1999Co-Authors: Tim Callan, Nina Smith, Shirley Dex, Jan Dirk VlasblomAbstract:The Labour force participation rate of married women varies considerably between the European countries. There may be several explanations for this evidence. In this study, the effect of the different income tax schemes on female Labour force participation is investigated and compared. A common Labour Supply function is estimated on cross-section household samples for each of the countries Britain, Denmark, Ireland, and East and West Germany. Based on the estimated Labour Supply functions, we calculate for each of the countries the hypothetical part time and full time participation rates of married women if the households were taxed by either separate or split taxation principles, as in Britain and Ireland, respectively. The results show that the design of the tax scheme is highly important for the economic incentives that married women face and their resulting Labour Supply Behaviour.
Tim Maloney - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The impact of welfare reform on Labour Supply Behaviour in New Zealand
Labour Economics, 2000Co-Authors: Tim MaloneyAbstract:Abstract New Zealand recently implemented sweeping reforms to its social welfare programmes by cutting benefits and tightening eligibility criteria. Regression analysis is used in this paper to isolate the effects of these reforms on several dimensions of Labour Supply Behaviour. Overseas research in this area has often been hindered by the difficulty of boiling complex work disincentives down to a manageable set of regressors, or the lack of true variation in programme parameters. The structure of the benefit system and the nature of the reforms in New Zealand provide a unique opportunity to identify these Behavioural responses. Quarterly random samples of individuals between 1985:4 and 1995:4 are used to isolate the effects of these policies, while controlling for a wide variety of other influences. This study finds compelling evidence that these reforms increased aggregate Labour Supply in this country.
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The Impact of Recent Welfare Reforms on Labour Supply Behaviour In New Zealand
1998Co-Authors: Tim MaloneyAbstract:New Zealand recently initiated sweeping reforms to its social welfare programmes by cutting benefits and tightening eligibility criteria. One of the objectives of these reforms was to provide incentives for people to enter or re-enter the Labour force. Econometric analysis is used in this paper to isolate the actual effects of these benefit reforms on Labour Supply. Previous research in many counties has often failed to accurately measure the extent of these work disincentives, or to observe variation in these programmes that would allow this empirical analysis to take place. The structure of these benefit programmes in New Zealand, and the nature of these reforms offers a unique opportunity to identify these Behavioural responses. Quarterly random samples of individuals between 1985 and 1995 are used to isolate the effects of these reforms, while controlling for a wide variety of other influences. This study finds compelling evidence that these benefit reforms resulted in a substantial increase in aggregate Labour Supply in this country.
