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Kazuo Tsubota - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Clinical Evaluation of a Royal Jelly Supplementation for the Restoration of Dry Eye: A Prospective Randomized Double Blind Placebo Controlled Study and an Experimental Mouse Model.
PloS one, 2017Co-Authors: Sachiko Inoue, Motoko Kawashima, Shigeru Nakamura, Ryuji Hisamura, Toshihiro Imada, Masataka Ito, Yusuke Izuta, Kazuo TsubotaAbstract:Background Dry eye is a multifactorial disease characterized by ocular discomfort and visual impairment. Lacrimal Gland Function has been shown to decrease with aging, a known potent risk factor for dry eye. We have previously found that orally administrated royal jelly (RJ) restored tear secretion in a rat model of dry eye. Methods and Findings We examined the effects of RJ oral administration on dry eye in this prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Forty-three Japanese patients aged 20–60 years with subjective dry eye symptoms were randomized to an RJ group (1200 mg/tablet, six tablets daily) or a placebo group for 8 weeks. Keratoconjunctival epithelial damage, tear film break-up time, tear secretion volume, meibum grade, biochemical data, and subjective dry eye symptoms based on a questionnaire were investigated at baseline, and at 4 and 8 weeks after intervention. Adverse events were reported via medical interviews. In the RJ group, tear volume significantly increased after intervention (p = 0.0009). In particular, patients with a baseline Schirmer value of ≤10 mm showed a significant increase compared with baseline volume (p = 0.0005) and volume in the placebo group (p = 0.0051). No adverse events were reported. We also investigated the effect of RJ (300 mg/kg per day) administration using a mouse model of dry eye. Orally repeated administration of RJ preserved tear secretion, potentially through direct activation of the secretory Function of the Lacrimal Glands. Conclusion Our results suggest that RJ improves tear volume in patients with dry eye. Trial Registration Registered NO. the University Hospital Medical Information Network in Japan (UMIN000014446)
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Oral administration of royal jelly restores tear secretion capacity in rat blink-suppressed dry eye model by modulating Lacrimal Gland Function.
PloS one, 2014Co-Authors: Toshihiro Imada, Shigeru Nakamura, Naoki Kitamura, Izumi Shibuya, Kazuo TsubotaAbstract:Tears are secreted from the Lacrimal Gland (LG), a dysFunction in which induces dry eye, resulting in ocular discomfort and visual impairment. Honey bee products are used as a nutritional source in daily life and medicine; however, little is known about their effects on dry eye. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of honey bee products on tear secretion capacity in dry eye. We selected raw honey, propolis, royal jelly (RJ), pollen, or larva from commercially available honey bee products. Tear secretion capacity was evaluated following the oral administration of each honey bee product in a rat blink-suppressed dry eye model. Changes in tear secretion, LG ATP content, and LG mitochondrial levels were measured. RJ restored the tear secretion capacity and decrease in LG ATP content and mitochondrial levels to the largest extent. Royal jelly can be used as a preventative intervention for dry eye by managing tear secretion capacity in the LG.
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Decreased tear volume in patients with metabolic syndrome: the Osaka study
The British journal of ophthalmology, 2013Co-Authors: Motoko Kawashima, Shigeru Kinoshita, Norihiko Yokoi, Miki Uchino, Murat Dogru, Yuichi Uchino, Aoi Komuro, Yukiko Sonomura, Hiroaki Kato, Kazuo TsubotaAbstract:Dry eye is highly prevalent worldwide and its incidence is known to increase with age. Several clinical studies have demonstrated reduced tear secretion in older people, indicating that Lacrimal Gland Function decreases gradually with age.1 It has been reported that Excess caloric intake accelerates the aging process, and increases the risks for age-related diseases.2 Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a complex disorder defined by a cluster of interconnected factors that increase the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes. Unfortunately, dry eye is often overlooked in this context and no study has investigated whether tear secretion decreases in MetS. A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 2011 among all employees of a company in Osaka, Japan (N=672; age range 26–64 years). Tear volume was measured using the Schirmer 1 method. Participants aged ≥40 years were also examined for MetS.3 MetS was diagnosed using the Japanese criteria defined in 2008. Briefly, the …
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Functional Lacrimal Gland regeneration by transplantation of a bioengineered organ germ
Nature Communications, 2013Co-Authors: Masatoshi Hirayama, Tetsuya Kawakita, Miho Ogawa, Masamitsu Oshima, Yurie Sekine, Kentaro Ishida, Kentaro Yamashita, Kazutaka Ikeda, Shigeto Shimmura, Kazuo TsubotaAbstract:Lacrimal Glands maintain a healthy corneal epithelium but are dysFunctional for example in dry-eye disease. Here, the authors transplant bioengineered Lacrimal and harderian Gland germs into mice, where they connect to the host duct and nervous system and restore Lacrimal Gland Function. The Lacrimal Gland has a multifaceted role in maintaining a homeostatic microenvironment for a healthy ocular surface via tear secretion. Dry-eye disease, which is caused by Lacrimal Gland dysFunction, is one of the most prevalent eye diseases that cause corneal epithelial damage and results in significant loss of vision and a reduction in the quality of life. Here we demonstrate orthotopic transplantation of bioengineered Lacrimal Gland germs into adult mice with an extra-orbital Lacrimal Gland defect, a mouse model that mimics the corneal epithelial damage caused by Lacrimal Gland dysFunction. The bioengineered Lacrimal Gland germs and harderian Gland germs both develop in vivo and achieve sufficient physiological Functionality, including tear production in response to nervous stimulation and ocular surface protection. This study demonstrates the potential for bioengineered organ replacement to Functionally restore the Lacrimal Gland.
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Dietary lactoferrin alleviates age-related Lacrimal Gland dysFunction in mice.
PloS one, 2012Co-Authors: Motoko Kawashima, Tetsuya Kawakita, Shigeto Shimmura, Takaaki Inaba, N. Okada, Masataka Ito, Mitsuhiro Watanabe, Ken Shinmura, Kazuo TsubotaAbstract:Background Decrease in Lacrimal Gland secretory Function is related to age-induced dry eye disease. Lactoferrin, the main glycoprotein component of tears, has multiple Functions, including anti-inflammatory effects and the promotion of cell growth. We investigated how oral administration of lactoferrin affects age-related Lacrimal dysFunction. Methods and Findings Twelve-month-old male C57BL/6Cr Slc mice were randomly divided into a control fed group and an oral lactoferrin treatment group. Tear Function was measured at a 6-month time-point. After euthanasia, the Lacrimal Glands were subjected to histological examination with 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) antibodies, and serum concentrations of 8-OHdG and hexanoyl-lysine adduct (HEL) were evaluated. Additionally, monocyte chemotactic protein-1(MCP-1) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) gene expression levels were determined by real-time PCR. The volume of tear secretion was significantly larger in the treated group than in the control. Lactoferrin administration reduced inflammatory cell infiltration and the MCP-1 and TNF-α expression levels. Serum concentrations of 8-OHdG and HEL in the lactoferrin group were lower than those in the control group and were associated with attenuated 8-OHdG immunostaining of the Lacrimal Glands. Conclusion Oral lactoferrin administration preserves Lacrimal Gland Function in aged mice by attenuating oxidative damage and suppressing subsequent Gland inflammation.
Austin K Mircheff - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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A Lacrimal Gland is a Lacrimal Gland, But Rodent's and Rabbit's Are Not Human
The ocular surface, 2010Co-Authors: Joel E Schechter, Dwight W. Warren, Austin K MircheffAbstract:Research into the physiological processes governing both normal and abnormal Functions of the Lacrimal Gland has used animal models to provide insights that might be applied to improving our understanding of human disease and designing of beneficial therapeutic interventions. Animal models most frequently used are mice, rats, and rabbits. As participants in research into normal and abnormal Lacrimal Gland Function, the authors have observed significant differences between the various animal models, and these differences must be considered in investigational studies. This review summarizes a wide range of topics, including structural organization of the Lacrimal Gland and the immunological, secretomotor and hormonal processes regulating Lacrimal Gland Function in all three animal models. In addition, comparisons with relevant aspects of the human Lacrimal Gland are included where permitted by available data.
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Lacrimal histopathology and ocular surface disease in a rabbit model of autoimmune dacryoadenitis.
Cornea, 2003Co-Authors: Z Zhu, Douglas Stevenson, Joel E Schechter, Austin K Mircheff, Atkinson R, TrousdaleAbstract:Purpose. To study the effects of induced autoimmune dacryoadenitis on Lacrimal Gland Function, histopathology, and ocular surface disease in a rabbit model. Methods. One Lacrimal Gland was surgically excised from each experimental rabbit, and epithelial cells were purified, cultured, irradiated, and then cocultured with autologous peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) for 5 days. Autoimmune dacryoadenitis was induced by injecting the autologous mixed cell reactions (AMCRs) into the rabbit's remaining Lacrimal Gland. Normal rabbits and rabbits with both Lacrimal Glands injected with nonstimulated PBLs were examined as controls. Eyes were evaluated biweekly for 8 weeks by slit-lamp biomicroscopy, Schirmer testing, tear break-up time measurement, and rose bengal examination. Sections of Lacrimal Glands removed at 8 weeks post-operation were immunostained using antibodies against rabbit class II major histocompatibility complex molecule (MHC-II), CD4, CD8, CD 18, and rabbit thymic lymphocyte antigen (RTLA). Relative numbers of positively stained cells were quantified with a ChromaVision image analysis system. Results. During an 8-week period, a continuous decrease in tear production and stability, accompanied by a continuous increase in rose bengal staining, occurred in eyes in which AMCR-PBL had been injected into the ipsilateral Lacrimal Glands. Similar, though generally less severe, changes occurred in eyes contralateral to the AMCR-PBL-injected eyes. No obvious changes by 8 weeks in these parameters were found in eyes in which the Lacrimal Glands had been injected with nonstimulated PBLs or in the Lacrimal Gland-excised eyes contralateral to normal eyes. Interstitial cells in normal Lacrimal Glands expressed CD18 and RTLA antigens, but few expressed CD4, CD8, or MHC-II. Focal mononuclear cell infiltrates were only found in Lacrimal Glands from animals with induced autoimmune dacryoadenitis. These cells were predominantly positive for CD4 (7.3-fold increase), RTLA (7.8-fold increase), or CD18 (42-fold increase). MHC-II expression in interstitial and ductal epithelial cells was also significantly greater in these animals than in control animals. The mononuclear cell infiltrates were frequently found enveloping venules, some of which appeared to be high endothelial cell venules. The ductal epithelium also contained CD4 and CD8 immunopositivity, within the epithelium, at the lumenal surface, or surrounding the ducts. Occasionally CD4 and CD8 immunopositive cells could be identified within the acinar lumens. Conclusions. Injection of activated PBLs (i.e., AMCR-PBLs) in the Lacrimal Gland induces autoimmune dacryoadenitis with immunopathologic features similar to those of Sjogren's syndrome. The Lacrimal immunopathology is accompanied by typical clinical manifestations of dry eye syndrome. The persistent significant dry eye does not appear to result just from failure of the diseased Gland but from a more general dysFunction of the surface secretory tissues.
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Prolactin inhibits carbachol-dependent secretion by Lacrimal acinar cells in vitro.
Advances in experimental medicine and biology, 2002Co-Authors: Amy J. Casbon, Dwight W. Warren, Austin K MircheffAbstract:Keratoconjunctivitis sicca, or dry eye, is characterized by decreased Lacrimal fluid secretion. Since this disease is more prevalent in females than males, it has generally been assumed that the sex hormones are involved in its etiology. The sex steroids and the sexually dimorphic peptide hormone prolactin have been under investigation. There have been several reports that reveal a negative correlation between high levels of prolactin and Lacrimal Gland Function. Studies with hypophysectomized rats1 and with human subjects suggest that excessive levels of circulating prolactin (PRL) impair Lacrimal secretion.2 Prolactin levels are higher in females than males and rise during pregnancy, in accord with decreased Lacrimal Function (Schechter et al., unpublished data). Prolactin also seems to be closely linked to autoimmune diseases such as Sjogren’s Syndrome. Big prolactin, 60kD, is found to be overexpressed in salivary Glandular epithelial cells of Sjogren’s syndrome patients,3 and hyperprolactinemia is found in 46% of patients with primary Sjogren’s syndrome.4 In addition, both prolactin and prolactin receptors are synthesized in the Lacrimal Gland,5 and PRL has been detected in human tears,6 suggesting that prolactin plays endocrine, paracrine, and autocrine roles in Lacrimal Gland Function and maintenance of the ocular surface.
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ANDROGEN SUPPORT OF Lacrimal Gland Function IN THE FEMALE RABBIT
Advances in experimental medicine and biology, 1998Co-Authors: Dwight W. Warren, Ana Maria Azzarolo, Zuo Ming Huang, Barbara W. Platler, Renee L. Kaswan, Elizabeth Gentschein, Frank L. Stanczyk, Laren Becker, Austin K MircheffAbstract:Dry eye is a major reason for visits to an ophthalmologist’s office. The most probable cause for dry eye is primary Lacrimal deficiency (PLD).1 PLD is usually detected in women, most frequently after menopause, during pregnancy or lactation, or when taking estrogen-containing oral contraceptives. These various endocrine states exhibit a complete range of plasma estrogen levels from very low to very high. Thus, plasma estrogen concentrations do not appear to be a common variable in PLD. However, plasma free androgen levels are potentially decreased in all of these states. We have previously demonstrated that ovariectomy of female rabbits2 and hypophysectomy of female rats3 result in a decrease in biochemical correlates of Lacrimal Gland Function. Treatment of these endocrinectomized animals with the potent androgen dihydrotestosterone (DHT) restores the decreases in the biochemical markers of secretion,2,3 specifically, Lacrimal Gland protein, DNA, Na,K-ATPase, and s-adrenergic receptors. Androgens have been shown to be responsible for the male-like morphological and Functional characteristics of the Gland, including larger acini,4 greater secretion of IgA,5 and greater production of polymeric IgA receptor, measured as secretory component (SC).6 When female rats are treated with androgens, the morphology of the Lacrimal Gland changes and resembles the male Lacrimal Gland.7 However, the major neurotransmitter receptor coupled to secretion in the Lacrimal Gland, the muscarinic cholinergic receptor, is regulated by circulating levels of prolactin, not androgens.3
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Time Course of Apoptosis in Lacrimal Gland after Rabbit Ovariectomy
Advances in experimental medicine and biology, 1998Co-Authors: Ana Maria Azzarolo, Austin K Mircheff, Zuo Ming Huang, Richard L. Wood, Eric Olsen, Ramin Zolfagari, Dwight W. WarrenAbstract:Lacrimal insufficiency is the most frequent cause of dry eye conditions. Dry eye greatly decreases the quality of life through symptoms ranging from discomfort and contact lens intolerance to persistent pain and burning sensation and potential vision-threatening corneal damage. The incidence of dry eye, regardless of origin [primary Lacrimal deficiency (PLD) or Sjogren s syndrome] is gender-related, affecting women much more frequently than men. PLD occurs especially frequently after menopause and during pregnancy, lactation, and oral contraceptive use, suggesting that hormonal factors play an important role in regulating Lacrimal Gland Function. The greater incidence of Sjogren’s syndrome in women indicates that hormonal factors also influence the incidence and progression of autoimmune phenomena that affect the Lacrimal Glands. This concept has been recently reviewed.1
J. A. Oosterhuis - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Determination of basal tear turnover in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus patients by fluorophotometry
International Ophthalmology, 1991Co-Authors: Th. R. Stolwijk, J. A. Best, H. H. P. J. Lemkes, R. J. W Keizer, J. A. OosterhuisAbstract:The tear turnover was determined by fluorophotometry in 25 insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) patients without retinopathy and 29 IDDM patients with (pre-)proliferative retinopathy. The results were compared with those in 34 healthy controls, to investigate the Lacrimal Gland Function in diabetic patients. The tear turnover was calculated from the decay of the relative tear fluorescein concentration values measured after instillation of one μL of fluorescein. The tear turnover values in both patient groups did not correlate significantly with age or diabetes duration (linear correlation coefficients: r < 0.3). The tear turnover values in patients both without retinoplathy and with (pre-)proliferative retinopathy did not differ significantly from those in healthy controls (mean ± SD in %/min: 13.7 ± 4.5, 14.7 ± 5.8 and 15.5 ± 5.1, respectively; P > 0.16). The tear turnover was significantly decreased in eyes having a BUT shorter than 10 seconds compared with eyes having a BUT longer than 10 seconds (P < 0.05). The tear turnover values correlated significantly with the HbA1c and Schirmer-test values in patients with (pre-)proliferative retinopathy (r = 0.7 and r = 0.4, respectively; P < 0.02) and with the blood glucose values in patients without retinopathy (r = 0.41, P = 0.04). Since the tear turnover was not significantly decreased in IDDM patients in comparison with healthy controls the corneal disorders which are more frequently seen in these patients than in a healthy population may not be attributed to a decrease in tear production.
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Determination of basal tear turnover in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus patients by fluorophotometry.
International ophthalmology, 1991Co-Authors: Th. R. Stolwijk, H. H. P. J. Lemkes, R. J. W Keizer, J. A. Van Best, J. A. OosterhuisAbstract:The tear turnover was determined by fluorophotometry in 25 insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) patients without retinopathy and 29 IDDM patients with (pre-)proliferative retinopathy. The results were compared with those in 34 healthy controls, to investigate the Lacrimal Gland Function in diabetic patients. The tear turnover was calculated from the decay of the relative tear fluorescein concentration values measured after instillation of one μL of fluorescein.
Dwight W. Warren - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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A Lacrimal Gland is a Lacrimal Gland, But Rodent's and Rabbit's Are Not Human
The ocular surface, 2010Co-Authors: Joel E Schechter, Dwight W. Warren, Austin K MircheffAbstract:Research into the physiological processes governing both normal and abnormal Functions of the Lacrimal Gland has used animal models to provide insights that might be applied to improving our understanding of human disease and designing of beneficial therapeutic interventions. Animal models most frequently used are mice, rats, and rabbits. As participants in research into normal and abnormal Lacrimal Gland Function, the authors have observed significant differences between the various animal models, and these differences must be considered in investigational studies. This review summarizes a wide range of topics, including structural organization of the Lacrimal Gland and the immunological, secretomotor and hormonal processes regulating Lacrimal Gland Function in all three animal models. In addition, comparisons with relevant aspects of the human Lacrimal Gland are included where permitted by available data.
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Prolactin inhibits carbachol-dependent secretion by Lacrimal acinar cells in vitro.
Advances in experimental medicine and biology, 2002Co-Authors: Amy J. Casbon, Dwight W. Warren, Austin K MircheffAbstract:Keratoconjunctivitis sicca, or dry eye, is characterized by decreased Lacrimal fluid secretion. Since this disease is more prevalent in females than males, it has generally been assumed that the sex hormones are involved in its etiology. The sex steroids and the sexually dimorphic peptide hormone prolactin have been under investigation. There have been several reports that reveal a negative correlation between high levels of prolactin and Lacrimal Gland Function. Studies with hypophysectomized rats1 and with human subjects suggest that excessive levels of circulating prolactin (PRL) impair Lacrimal secretion.2 Prolactin levels are higher in females than males and rise during pregnancy, in accord with decreased Lacrimal Function (Schechter et al., unpublished data). Prolactin also seems to be closely linked to autoimmune diseases such as Sjogren’s Syndrome. Big prolactin, 60kD, is found to be overexpressed in salivary Glandular epithelial cells of Sjogren’s syndrome patients,3 and hyperprolactinemia is found in 46% of patients with primary Sjogren’s syndrome.4 In addition, both prolactin and prolactin receptors are synthesized in the Lacrimal Gland,5 and PRL has been detected in human tears,6 suggesting that prolactin plays endocrine, paracrine, and autocrine roles in Lacrimal Gland Function and maintenance of the ocular surface.
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ANDROGEN SUPPORT OF Lacrimal Gland Function IN THE FEMALE RABBIT
Advances in experimental medicine and biology, 1998Co-Authors: Dwight W. Warren, Ana Maria Azzarolo, Zuo Ming Huang, Barbara W. Platler, Renee L. Kaswan, Elizabeth Gentschein, Frank L. Stanczyk, Laren Becker, Austin K MircheffAbstract:Dry eye is a major reason for visits to an ophthalmologist’s office. The most probable cause for dry eye is primary Lacrimal deficiency (PLD).1 PLD is usually detected in women, most frequently after menopause, during pregnancy or lactation, or when taking estrogen-containing oral contraceptives. These various endocrine states exhibit a complete range of plasma estrogen levels from very low to very high. Thus, plasma estrogen concentrations do not appear to be a common variable in PLD. However, plasma free androgen levels are potentially decreased in all of these states. We have previously demonstrated that ovariectomy of female rabbits2 and hypophysectomy of female rats3 result in a decrease in biochemical correlates of Lacrimal Gland Function. Treatment of these endocrinectomized animals with the potent androgen dihydrotestosterone (DHT) restores the decreases in the biochemical markers of secretion,2,3 specifically, Lacrimal Gland protein, DNA, Na,K-ATPase, and s-adrenergic receptors. Androgens have been shown to be responsible for the male-like morphological and Functional characteristics of the Gland, including larger acini,4 greater secretion of IgA,5 and greater production of polymeric IgA receptor, measured as secretory component (SC).6 When female rats are treated with androgens, the morphology of the Lacrimal Gland changes and resembles the male Lacrimal Gland.7 However, the major neurotransmitter receptor coupled to secretion in the Lacrimal Gland, the muscarinic cholinergic receptor, is regulated by circulating levels of prolactin, not androgens.3
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Time Course of Apoptosis in Lacrimal Gland after Rabbit Ovariectomy
Advances in experimental medicine and biology, 1998Co-Authors: Ana Maria Azzarolo, Austin K Mircheff, Zuo Ming Huang, Richard L. Wood, Eric Olsen, Ramin Zolfagari, Dwight W. WarrenAbstract:Lacrimal insufficiency is the most frequent cause of dry eye conditions. Dry eye greatly decreases the quality of life through symptoms ranging from discomfort and contact lens intolerance to persistent pain and burning sensation and potential vision-threatening corneal damage. The incidence of dry eye, regardless of origin [primary Lacrimal deficiency (PLD) or Sjogren s syndrome] is gender-related, affecting women much more frequently than men. PLD occurs especially frequently after menopause and during pregnancy, lactation, and oral contraceptive use, suggesting that hormonal factors play an important role in regulating Lacrimal Gland Function. The greater incidence of Sjogren’s syndrome in women indicates that hormonal factors also influence the incidence and progression of autoimmune phenomena that affect the Lacrimal Glands. This concept has been recently reviewed.1
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Androgen support of Lacrimal Gland Function
Endocrine, 1997Co-Authors: Ana Maria Azzarolo, Austin K Mircheff, Renee L. Kaswan, Elizabeth Gentschein, Laren Becker, Frank Z. Stanczyk, Babak Nassir, Dwight W. WarrenAbstract:The effects of dihydrotestosterone (DHT) (1 mg/kg) on biochemical parameters related to Lacrimal secretion, basal tear flow rate, and pilocarpine-stimulated Lacrimal Gland fluid secretion, in mature ovariectomized rabbits were studied. The effects of the synthetic estrogen, diethylstilbestrol (DES) (100 μg/kg), on Lacrimal Gland biochemical parameters in normal mature female rabbits was also studied. Ovariectomy decreased the total serum levels of testosterone (T) by 88.5% and androstenedione by 35.9%, without changing the levels of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) or its sulfate. Ovariectomy caused a significant regression of the Lacrimal Glands, decreasing total DNA by 35%, and total protein by 22%. DHT treatment of ovariectomized animals prevented Lacrimal Gland regression, increasing total Gland DNA (31%) and total protein (18%). DHT treatment also increases Na^+,K^+-ATPase activity (29%) and ß-adrenergic receptor binding sites (23%) compared to the ovariectomized group. DHT increased pilocarpine stimulated Lacrimal Gland fluid secretion (13.26±1.47 μL/min) compared to the ovariectomized group (7.72±0.41 μL/min), but DHT treatment paradoxically decreased basal tear flow rate (1.02±0.04 μL/min) as compared to the ovariectomized rabbits (1.96±0.12 μL/min). DES decreased the total serum T from 59.33±10.54 pg/mL to 21.5±6.06 pg/mL. DES decreased total Na^+,K^+-ATPase by 12% and increased ß-adrenergic receptor binding sites by 83.3%. These results suggest that androgens play a major role in supporting Lacrimal Gland secretory Function. Additionally, they suggest that estrogens may influence certain aspects of Lacrimal Functions, although it is not clear to what extent those actions are elicited directly or indirectly.
Th. R. Stolwijk - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Determination of basal tear turnover in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus patients by fluorophotometry
International Ophthalmology, 1991Co-Authors: Th. R. Stolwijk, J. A. Best, H. H. P. J. Lemkes, R. J. W Keizer, J. A. OosterhuisAbstract:The tear turnover was determined by fluorophotometry in 25 insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) patients without retinopathy and 29 IDDM patients with (pre-)proliferative retinopathy. The results were compared with those in 34 healthy controls, to investigate the Lacrimal Gland Function in diabetic patients. The tear turnover was calculated from the decay of the relative tear fluorescein concentration values measured after instillation of one μL of fluorescein. The tear turnover values in both patient groups did not correlate significantly with age or diabetes duration (linear correlation coefficients: r < 0.3). The tear turnover values in patients both without retinoplathy and with (pre-)proliferative retinopathy did not differ significantly from those in healthy controls (mean ± SD in %/min: 13.7 ± 4.5, 14.7 ± 5.8 and 15.5 ± 5.1, respectively; P > 0.16). The tear turnover was significantly decreased in eyes having a BUT shorter than 10 seconds compared with eyes having a BUT longer than 10 seconds (P < 0.05). The tear turnover values correlated significantly with the HbA1c and Schirmer-test values in patients with (pre-)proliferative retinopathy (r = 0.7 and r = 0.4, respectively; P < 0.02) and with the blood glucose values in patients without retinopathy (r = 0.41, P = 0.04). Since the tear turnover was not significantly decreased in IDDM patients in comparison with healthy controls the corneal disorders which are more frequently seen in these patients than in a healthy population may not be attributed to a decrease in tear production.
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Determination of basal tear turnover in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus patients by fluorophotometry.
International ophthalmology, 1991Co-Authors: Th. R. Stolwijk, H. H. P. J. Lemkes, R. J. W Keizer, J. A. Van Best, J. A. OosterhuisAbstract:The tear turnover was determined by fluorophotometry in 25 insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) patients without retinopathy and 29 IDDM patients with (pre-)proliferative retinopathy. The results were compared with those in 34 healthy controls, to investigate the Lacrimal Gland Function in diabetic patients. The tear turnover was calculated from the decay of the relative tear fluorescein concentration values measured after instillation of one μL of fluorescein.
