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C P Dullemond - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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planetesimal formation near the snow line in mri driven turbulent protoplanetary disks
Astronomy and Astrophysics, 2008Co-Authors: F Brauer, Th Henning, C P DullemondAbstract:The formation of planetesimals in protoplanetary disks due to collisional sticking of smaller dust aggregates has to face at least two severe obstacles, namely the rapid loss of material due to radial inward drift and particle fragmentation due to destructive collisions. We present a scenario to circumvent these two hurdles. Our dust evolution model involves two main mechanisms. First, we consider a disk with a dead zone. In an almost Laminar Region close to the midplane, the relative velocities of the turbulent particles are comparatively small, which decreases the probability of destructive particle collisions. Second, turbulence is not the only source of violent relative particle velocities, because high radial drift speeds can also lead to boulder fragmentation. For this reason, we focus additionally on the snow line. Evaporation fronts can be associated with gas pressure maxima in which radial drift basically vanishes. This implies that particle fragmentation becomes even less likely. Our simulation results suggest that particles can overcome the fragmentation barrier. We find that boulders of several 10 2 m can form within only a few thousand years.
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planetesimal formation around the snow line in mri driven turbulent protoplanetary disks
arXiv: Astrophysics, 2008Co-Authors: F Brauer, Th Henning, C P DullemondAbstract:The formation of planetesimals in protoplanetary disks due to collisional sticking of smaller dust aggregates has to face at least two severe obstacles, namely the rapid loss of material due to radial inward drift and particle fragmentation due to destructive collisions. We present a scenario to circumvent these two hurdles. Our dust evolution model involves two main mechanisms. First, we consider a disk with a dead zone. In an almost Laminar Region close to the midplane, the relative velocities of the turbulent particles are comparatively small, which decreases the probability of destructive particle collisions. Second, turbulence is not the only source of violent relative particle velocities, because high radial drift speeds can also lead to boulder fragmentation. For this reason, we focus additionally on the snow line. Evaporation fronts can be associated with gas pressure maxima in which radial drift basically vanishes. This implies that particle fragmentation becomes even less likely. Our simulation results suggest that particles can overcome the fragmentation barrier. We find that boulders of several 100 m can form within only a few thousand years.
Xuening Bai - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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hall effect controlled gas dynamics in protoplanetary disks i wind solutions at the inner disk
The Astrophysical Journal, 2014Co-Authors: Xuening BaiAbstract:The gas dynamics of protoplanetary disks (PPDs) is largely controlled by non-ideal magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) effects including Ohmic resistivity, the Hall effect, and ambipolar diffusion. Among these the role of the Hall effect is the least explored and most poorly understood. In this series, we have included, for the first time, all three non-ideal MHD effects in a self-consistent manner to investigate the role of the Hall effect on PPD gas dynamics using local shearing-box simulations. In this first paper, we focus on the inner Region of PPDs, where previous studies (Bai & Stone 2013; Bai 2013) excluding the Hall effect have revealed that the inner disk up to ~10 AU is largely Laminar, with accretion driven by a magnetocentrifugal wind. We confirm this basic picture and show that the Hall effect modifies the wind solutions depending on the polarity of the large-scale poloidal magnetic field threading the disk. When , the horizontal magnetic field is strongly amplified toward the disk interior, leading to a stronger disk wind (by ~50% or less in terms of the wind-driven accretion rate). The enhanced horizontal field also leads to much stronger large-scale Maxwell stress (magnetic braking) that contributes to a considerable fraction of the wind-driven accretion rate. When , the horizontal magnetic field is reduced, leading to a weaker disk wind (by 20%) and negligible magnetic braking. Under fiducial parameters, we find that when , the Laminar Region extends farther to ~10-15 AU before the magnetorotational instability sets in, while for , the Laminar Region extends only to ~3-5 AU for a typical accretion rate of ~10?8 to10?7 M ? yr?1. Scaling relations for the wind properties, especially the wind-driven accretion rate, are provided for aligned and anti-aligned field geometries.
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hall effect controlled gas dynamics in protoplanetary disks i wind solutions at the inner disk
arXiv: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, 2014Co-Authors: Xuening BaiAbstract:The gas dynamics of protoplanetary disks (PPDs) is largely controlled by non-ideal magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) effects including Ohmic resistivity, the Hall effect and ambipolar diffusion. Among these the role of the Hall effect is the least explored and most poorly understood. We have included all three non-ideal MHD effects in a self-consistent manner to investigate the role of the Hall effect on PPD gas dynamics using local shearing-box simulations. In this first paper, we focus on the inner Region of PPDs, where previous studies excluding the Hall effect have revealed that the inner disk up to ~10 AU is largely Laminar, with accretion driven by a magnetocentrifugal wind. We confirm this basic picture and show that the Hall effect introduces modest modifications to the wind solutions, depending on the polarity of the large-scale poloidal magnetic field B_0 threading the disk. When B_0.Omega>0, the horizontal magnetic field is strongly amplified toward the disk interior, leading to a stronger disk wind (by ~50% or less in terms of the wind-driven accretion rate). The enhanced horizontal field also leads to much stronger large-scale Maxwell stress (magnetic braking) that contributes to a considerable fraction of the wind-driven accretion rate. When B_0.Omega 0, the Laminar Region extends farther to ~15 AU before the magneto-rotational instability sets in, while for B_0.Omega<0, the Laminar Region extends only to ~3-5 AU for a typical PPD accretion rates. Scaling relations for the wind properties, especially the wind-driven accretion rate, are provided for aligned and anti-aligned field geometries. Issues with the symmetry of the wind solutions and grain abundance are also discussed.
Ricardo Rocha De Barros - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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intoxicacao por ramaria flavo brunnescens clavariaceae em bovinos
Pesquisa Veterinaria Brasileira, 2006Co-Authors: Ricardo Rocha De Barros, Luiz Francisco Irigoyen, Glaucia D Kommers, Rafael A Fighera, Raquel R. Rech, Claudio S L BarrosAbstract:Two oubreaks of poisoning by the mushroom Ramaria flavo-brunnescens are reported in cattle from two farms located in the municipalities of Santa Maria and Sao Gabriel, state of Rio Grande do Sul, during April-May 2005. Out of a total of 180 yearling calves that had access to a pasture with eucalyptus woods, 19 were affected and 10 died. The clinical courses were 8-15 days and clinical signs included depression, weight loss, dehydration, drooling, loosening and loss of the long hairs of the tip of the tail, smoothening of the dorsal surface of the tongue with occasional ulceration, loosening of the corneal encasement of horns, hard and ball-shaped feces covered with a film of mucous, hypopion, hyphema and corneal opacity. Two calves had leucocytosis due to mild regenerative left shift. Nine calves were necropsied. Necropsy findings confirmed the clinical observation and additionaly included fibrinonecrotic esophagitis, mainly in the distal third of the esophageal mucosa. Histopathological changes in the skin of the tail included orthokeratotic hyperkeratosis; hair folicles with irregular contours, thickening of the tricolemmal keratin layer with occasional formation of keratin plugs, and degeneration and necrosis of the outer root sheath. At the Laminar Region of the hooves, there was hyperplasia of the top of epidermal laminae with irregular keratinization and retention of nuclei; several epidermal laminae were shortened and fused. There was hemorrhage, fibrin and neutrophilic infiltrate in the dermal laminae. In the mucosa of the tongue there was thinning of the covering epithelium, atrophy and loss of filiform papillae, multifocal areas of dyskeratosis, and spongiosis of the basal cell layer. In some parts the epithelium was lost and the surface consisted of granulation tissue and mixed inflammatory cell infiltrate. The esophageal mucosae of six calves had varying degree of epithelial necrosis and inflammation. The loss of the covering epithelium revealed an underneath area of granulation tissue with heavy inflammatory infiltrate composed predominantly of neutrophils and macrophages. In six calves there were focal symmetric bilateral areas of malacia observed at the level of obex in the medulla oblongata and affecting the white matter and parts of the dorsal nucleus of the vagus and of the hypoglossal nucleus. The epidemiology, clinical signs, pathology, and pathogenesis of poisoning by R. flavo-brunnescens in cattle are discussed.
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Intoxicação por Ramaria flavo-brunnescens (Clavariaceae) em bovinos Poisoning by Ramaria flavo-brunnescens (Clavariaceae) in cattle
Colégio Brasileiro de Patologia Animal (CBPA), 2006Co-Authors: Ricardo Rocha De Barros, Luiz Francisco Irigoyen, Glaucia D Kommers, Rafael A Fighera, Raquel R. Rech, Claudio S L BarrosAbstract:Dois surtos de intoxicação pelo cogumelo Ramaria flavo-brunnescens são relatados em bovinos de duas fazendas localizadas nos municípios de Santa Maria e São Gabriel, no Rio Grande do Sul, no período de abril-maio de 2005. De um total de 180 bovinos de sobreano que tiveram acesso a bosques de eucaliptos, 19 adoeceram e 10 morreram. A evolução clínica foi de 8-15 dias e os sinais clínicos incluíam depressão, perda de peso, desidratação, salivação excessiva, afrouxamento e perda dos pêlos longos da cauda, alisamento da superfície dorsal da língua com ocasional ulceração, afrouxamento do estojo córneo dos chifres, fezes em forma de cíbalos e recobertas por película de muco, hipópion, hifema e opacidade da córnea. Dois novilhos tinham leucocitose devido a leve desvio regenerativo à esquerda. Os achados de necropsia confirmaram as observações clínicas e adicionalmente incluíam esofagite fibrinonecrótica, principalmente no terço distal do esôfago. Alterações histopatológicas na pele da cauda incluíam hiperqueratose ortoqueratótica, folículos pilosos com contornos irregulares, espessamento da camada de queratina tricolemal e formação ocasional de tampões de queratina; degeneração e necrose da bainha radicular externa também era observada. Nos cascos havia hemorragia, fibrina e infiltrado neutrofílico nas lâminas dérmicas, hiperplasia do topo das lâminas epidérmicas com queratinização irregular e retenção dos núcleos; várias lâminas epidérmicas estavam encurtadas e fundidas. Na mucosa da língua o epitélio de revestimento estava adelgaçado, com atrofia e perda das papilas filiformes, áreas multifocais de disqueratose e espongiose das células da camada basal. Em algumas porções havia perda do epitélio e a superfície da língua era formada por tecido de granulação e infiltrado inflamatório misto. A mucosa esofágica de seis novilhos apresentava vários graus de necrose epitelial e inflamação. A perda do epitélio de revestimento revelava uma área subjacente de tecido de granulação com marcado infiltrado inflamatório predominantemente neutrofílico e macrofágico. Em seis novilhos, o bulbo, na altura do óbex, apresentava áreas focais bilaterais e simétricas de malacia que afetava a substância branca e partes do núcleo dorsal do vago e do núcleo hipoglosso. São discutidos a epidemiologia, os sinais clínicos, a patologia e a patogênese da intoxicação por R. flavo-brunnescens em bovinos.Two oubreaks of poisoning by the mushroom Ramaria flavo-brunnescens are reported in cattle from two farms located in the municipalities of Santa Maria and São Gabriel, state of Rio Grande do Sul, during April-May 2005. Out of a total of 180 yearling calves that had access to a pasture with eucalyptus woods, 19 were affected and 10 died. The clinical courses were 8-15 days and clinical signs included depression, weight loss, dehydration, drooling, loosening and loss of the long hairs of the tip of the tail, smoothening of the dorsal surface of the tongue with occasional ulceration, loosening of the corneal encasement of horns, hard and ball-shaped feces covered with a film of mucous, hypopion, hyphema and corneal opacity. Two calves had leucocytosis due to mild regenerative left shift. Nine calves were necropsied. Necropsy findings confirmed the clinical observation and additionaly included fibrinonecrotic esophagitis, mainly in the distal third of the esophageal mucosa. Histopathological changes in the skin of the tail included orthokeratotic hyperkeratosis; hair folicles with irregular contours, thickening of the tricolemmal keratin layer with occasional formation of keratin plugs, and degeneration and necrosis of the outer root sheath. At the Laminar Region of the hooves, there was hyperplasia of the top of epidermal laminae with irregular keratinization and retention of nuclei; several epidermal laminae were shortened and fused. There was hemorrhage, fibrin and neutrophilic infiltrate in the dermal laminae. In the mucosa of the tongue there was thinning of the covering epithelium, atrophy and loss of filiform papillae, multifocal areas of dyskeratosis, and spongiosis of the basal cell layer. In some parts the epithelium was lost and the surface consisted of granulation tissue and mixed inflammatory cell infiltrate. The esophageal mucosae of six calves had varying degree of epithelial necrosis and inflammation. The loss of the covering epithelium revealed an underneath area of granulation tissue with heavy inflammatory infiltrate composed predominantly of neutrophils and macrophages. In six calves there were focal symmetric bilateral areas of malacia observed at the level of obex in the medulla oblongata and affecting the white matter and parts of the dorsal nucleus of the vagus and of the hypoglossal nucleus. The epidemiology, clinical signs, pathology, and pathogenesis of poisoning by R. flavo-brunnescens in cattle are discussed
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POISONING BY Ramaria flavo-brunnescens (CLAVARIACEAE)
Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2005Co-Authors: Ricardo Rocha De BarrosAbstract:Dois surtos de intoxicação pelo cogumelo Ramaria flavo-brunnescens são relatados em bovinos de duas fazendas localizadas nos municípios de Santa Maria e São Gabriel, no Rio Grande do Sul, no período de abril-maio de 2005. De um total de 180 bovinos de sobreano que tiveram acesso a bosques de eucaliptos, 19 adoeceram e 10 morreram. A evolução clínica foi de 8-15 dias e os sinais clínicos incluíam depressão, perda de peso, desidratação, salivação excessiva, afrouxamento e perda dos pêlos longos da cauda, alisamento da superfície dorsal da língua com ocasional ulceração, afrouxamento do estojo córneo dos chifres, fezes em forma de cíbalos e recobertas por película de muco, hipópion, hifema e opacidade da córnea. Dois novilhos tinham leucocitose devido a leve desvio regenerativo à esquerda. Os achados de necropsia confirmaram as observações clínicas e adicionalmente incluíam esofagite fibrinonecrótica, principalmente no terço distal do esôfago. Alterações histopatológicas na pele da cauda incluíam hiperqueratose ortoqueratótica, folículos pilosos com contornos irregulares, espessamento da camada de queratina tricolemal e formação ocasional de tampões de queratina; degeneração e necrose da bainha radicular externa também era observada. Nos cascos havia hemorragia, fibrina e infiltrado neutrofílico nas lâminas dérmicas, hiperplasia do topo das lâminas epidérmicas com queratinização irregular e retenção dos núcleos; várias lâminas epidérmicas estavam encurtadas e fundidas. Na mucosa da língua o epitélio de revestimento estava adelgaçado, com atrofia e perda das papilas filiformes e havia áreas multifocais de disqueratose e espongiose das células da camada basal. Em algumas porções havia perda do epitélio e a superfície da língua era formada por tecido de granulação e infiltrado inflamatório misto. A mucosa esofágica de seis novilhos apresentava vários graus de necrose epitelial e inflamação. A perda do epitélio de revestimento revelava uma área subjacente de tecido de granulação com marcado infiltrado inflamatório predominantemente neutrofílico e macrofágico. Em seis novilhos, o bulbo, na altura do óbex, apresentava áreas focais bilaterais e simétricas de malacia que afetava a substância branca e partes do núcleo dorsal do vago e do núcleo hipoglosso. Ultra-estruturalmente, os queratinócitos do epitélio da superfície dorsal da língua apresentavam diminuição do número de feixes de filamentos de citoqueratina. São discutidos a epidemiologia, os sinais clínicos, a patologia e a patogênese da intoxicação por R. flavo-brunnescens em bovinos. Adicionalmente um caso de intoxicação por R. flavo-brunnescens é relatado em eqüino.Two oubreaks of poisoning by the mushroom Ramaria flavo-brunnescens are reported in cattle from two farms located in the municipalities of Santa Maria and São Gabriel, state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil during April-May 2005. Out of a total of 180 yearling calves that had access to a pasture with eucalyptus woods, 19 were affected and 10 died. The clinical courses were 8-15 days and clinical signs included depression, weight loss, dehydration, drooling, loosening and loss of the long hairs of the tip of the tail, smoothening of the dorsal surface of the tongue with occasional ulceration, loosening of the corneal encasement of horns, hard and ball-shaped feces covered with a film of mucous, hypopion, hyphema and corneal opacity. Two calves had leucocytosis due to mild regenerative left shift. Nine calves were necropsied. Necropsy findings confirmed the clinical observation and additionaly included fibrinonecrotic esophagitis, mainly in the distal third of the esophageal mucosa. Histopathological changes in the skin of the tail included orthokeratotic hyperkeratosis; hair folicles with irregular contours, and thickening of the tricolemmal keratin layer with occasional formation of keratin plugs, and degeneration and necrosis of the outer root sheath. At the Laminar Region of the hooves, there was hemorrhage, fibrin and neutrophilic infiltrate in the dermal laminae. hyperplasia of the top of epidermal laminae with irregular keratinization and retention of nuclei; several epidermal laminae were shortened and fused. In the mucosa of the tongue there was thinning of the covering epithelium, atrophy and loss of filiform papillae, multifocal areas of dyskeratosis, and spongiosis of the basal cell layer. In some parts the epithelium was lost and the surface consisted of granulation tissue and mixed inflammatory cell infiltrate. The esophageal mucosae of six calves had varying degree of epithelial necrosis and inflammation. The loss of the covering epithelium revealed an underneath area of granulation tissue with heavy inflammatory infiltrate composed predominantly of neutrophils and macrophages. In six calves there were focal symmetric bilateral areas of malacia observed at the level of obex in the medulla oblongata and affecting the white matter and parts of the dorsal nucleus of the vagus and of the hypoglossal nucleus. Ultrastructurally the keratinocytes of the dorsal epithelial surface of the tongue had decreased numbers of cytokeratin filament bundles. The epidemiology, clinical signs, pathology, and pathogenesis of poisoning by R. flavo-brunnescens in cattle are discussed. Additionally a case of R. flavo-brunnescens poisoning in a horse is described
Claudio S L Barros - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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intoxicacao por ramaria flavo brunnescens clavariaceae em bovinos
Pesquisa Veterinaria Brasileira, 2006Co-Authors: Ricardo Rocha De Barros, Luiz Francisco Irigoyen, Glaucia D Kommers, Rafael A Fighera, Raquel R. Rech, Claudio S L BarrosAbstract:Two oubreaks of poisoning by the mushroom Ramaria flavo-brunnescens are reported in cattle from two farms located in the municipalities of Santa Maria and Sao Gabriel, state of Rio Grande do Sul, during April-May 2005. Out of a total of 180 yearling calves that had access to a pasture with eucalyptus woods, 19 were affected and 10 died. The clinical courses were 8-15 days and clinical signs included depression, weight loss, dehydration, drooling, loosening and loss of the long hairs of the tip of the tail, smoothening of the dorsal surface of the tongue with occasional ulceration, loosening of the corneal encasement of horns, hard and ball-shaped feces covered with a film of mucous, hypopion, hyphema and corneal opacity. Two calves had leucocytosis due to mild regenerative left shift. Nine calves were necropsied. Necropsy findings confirmed the clinical observation and additionaly included fibrinonecrotic esophagitis, mainly in the distal third of the esophageal mucosa. Histopathological changes in the skin of the tail included orthokeratotic hyperkeratosis; hair folicles with irregular contours, thickening of the tricolemmal keratin layer with occasional formation of keratin plugs, and degeneration and necrosis of the outer root sheath. At the Laminar Region of the hooves, there was hyperplasia of the top of epidermal laminae with irregular keratinization and retention of nuclei; several epidermal laminae were shortened and fused. There was hemorrhage, fibrin and neutrophilic infiltrate in the dermal laminae. In the mucosa of the tongue there was thinning of the covering epithelium, atrophy and loss of filiform papillae, multifocal areas of dyskeratosis, and spongiosis of the basal cell layer. In some parts the epithelium was lost and the surface consisted of granulation tissue and mixed inflammatory cell infiltrate. The esophageal mucosae of six calves had varying degree of epithelial necrosis and inflammation. The loss of the covering epithelium revealed an underneath area of granulation tissue with heavy inflammatory infiltrate composed predominantly of neutrophils and macrophages. In six calves there were focal symmetric bilateral areas of malacia observed at the level of obex in the medulla oblongata and affecting the white matter and parts of the dorsal nucleus of the vagus and of the hypoglossal nucleus. The epidemiology, clinical signs, pathology, and pathogenesis of poisoning by R. flavo-brunnescens in cattle are discussed.
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Intoxicação por Ramaria flavo-brunnescens (Clavariaceae) em bovinos Poisoning by Ramaria flavo-brunnescens (Clavariaceae) in cattle
Colégio Brasileiro de Patologia Animal (CBPA), 2006Co-Authors: Ricardo Rocha De Barros, Luiz Francisco Irigoyen, Glaucia D Kommers, Rafael A Fighera, Raquel R. Rech, Claudio S L BarrosAbstract:Dois surtos de intoxicação pelo cogumelo Ramaria flavo-brunnescens são relatados em bovinos de duas fazendas localizadas nos municípios de Santa Maria e São Gabriel, no Rio Grande do Sul, no período de abril-maio de 2005. De um total de 180 bovinos de sobreano que tiveram acesso a bosques de eucaliptos, 19 adoeceram e 10 morreram. A evolução clínica foi de 8-15 dias e os sinais clínicos incluíam depressão, perda de peso, desidratação, salivação excessiva, afrouxamento e perda dos pêlos longos da cauda, alisamento da superfície dorsal da língua com ocasional ulceração, afrouxamento do estojo córneo dos chifres, fezes em forma de cíbalos e recobertas por película de muco, hipópion, hifema e opacidade da córnea. Dois novilhos tinham leucocitose devido a leve desvio regenerativo à esquerda. Os achados de necropsia confirmaram as observações clínicas e adicionalmente incluíam esofagite fibrinonecrótica, principalmente no terço distal do esôfago. Alterações histopatológicas na pele da cauda incluíam hiperqueratose ortoqueratótica, folículos pilosos com contornos irregulares, espessamento da camada de queratina tricolemal e formação ocasional de tampões de queratina; degeneração e necrose da bainha radicular externa também era observada. Nos cascos havia hemorragia, fibrina e infiltrado neutrofílico nas lâminas dérmicas, hiperplasia do topo das lâminas epidérmicas com queratinização irregular e retenção dos núcleos; várias lâminas epidérmicas estavam encurtadas e fundidas. Na mucosa da língua o epitélio de revestimento estava adelgaçado, com atrofia e perda das papilas filiformes, áreas multifocais de disqueratose e espongiose das células da camada basal. Em algumas porções havia perda do epitélio e a superfície da língua era formada por tecido de granulação e infiltrado inflamatório misto. A mucosa esofágica de seis novilhos apresentava vários graus de necrose epitelial e inflamação. A perda do epitélio de revestimento revelava uma área subjacente de tecido de granulação com marcado infiltrado inflamatório predominantemente neutrofílico e macrofágico. Em seis novilhos, o bulbo, na altura do óbex, apresentava áreas focais bilaterais e simétricas de malacia que afetava a substância branca e partes do núcleo dorsal do vago e do núcleo hipoglosso. São discutidos a epidemiologia, os sinais clínicos, a patologia e a patogênese da intoxicação por R. flavo-brunnescens em bovinos.Two oubreaks of poisoning by the mushroom Ramaria flavo-brunnescens are reported in cattle from two farms located in the municipalities of Santa Maria and São Gabriel, state of Rio Grande do Sul, during April-May 2005. Out of a total of 180 yearling calves that had access to a pasture with eucalyptus woods, 19 were affected and 10 died. The clinical courses were 8-15 days and clinical signs included depression, weight loss, dehydration, drooling, loosening and loss of the long hairs of the tip of the tail, smoothening of the dorsal surface of the tongue with occasional ulceration, loosening of the corneal encasement of horns, hard and ball-shaped feces covered with a film of mucous, hypopion, hyphema and corneal opacity. Two calves had leucocytosis due to mild regenerative left shift. Nine calves were necropsied. Necropsy findings confirmed the clinical observation and additionaly included fibrinonecrotic esophagitis, mainly in the distal third of the esophageal mucosa. Histopathological changes in the skin of the tail included orthokeratotic hyperkeratosis; hair folicles with irregular contours, thickening of the tricolemmal keratin layer with occasional formation of keratin plugs, and degeneration and necrosis of the outer root sheath. At the Laminar Region of the hooves, there was hyperplasia of the top of epidermal laminae with irregular keratinization and retention of nuclei; several epidermal laminae were shortened and fused. There was hemorrhage, fibrin and neutrophilic infiltrate in the dermal laminae. In the mucosa of the tongue there was thinning of the covering epithelium, atrophy and loss of filiform papillae, multifocal areas of dyskeratosis, and spongiosis of the basal cell layer. In some parts the epithelium was lost and the surface consisted of granulation tissue and mixed inflammatory cell infiltrate. The esophageal mucosae of six calves had varying degree of epithelial necrosis and inflammation. The loss of the covering epithelium revealed an underneath area of granulation tissue with heavy inflammatory infiltrate composed predominantly of neutrophils and macrophages. In six calves there were focal symmetric bilateral areas of malacia observed at the level of obex in the medulla oblongata and affecting the white matter and parts of the dorsal nucleus of the vagus and of the hypoglossal nucleus. The epidemiology, clinical signs, pathology, and pathogenesis of poisoning by R. flavo-brunnescens in cattle are discussed
Hee Cheon No - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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thermal hydraulic performance analysis of a printed circuit heat exchanger using a helium water test loop and numerical simulations
Applied Thermal Engineering, 2011Co-Authors: Hee Cheon NoAbstract:Abstract A Printed Circuit Heat Exchanger (PCHE) is a promising candidate with excellent performance to satisfy the heat exchanger requirements of High Temperature Gas Cooled Reactors (HTGRs). These heat exchangers are composed of many micro-wavy channels, which cause an increase in both heat transfer and pressure drop. We investigated thermal-hydraulic performance of the PCHE in a helium-water condition through experimental tests and numerical simulations with horizontal and vertical arrangements. Experiments were performed in Laminar Region. Pressure drop and temperatures were measured during experiments at the inlet and outlet of the helium and the water sides, respectively. We obtained three-dimensional (3-D) numerical solutions with periodic boundary conditions using the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code, FLUENT. The numerical simulation range was expanded to Reynolds number of 2500 through the 3-D CFD simulations, after the numerical solutions were validated against experimental data. A proposed Fanning factor correlation in the PCHE, in terms of Reynolds number and a correction factor, predicts the local pitch-averaged Fanning factor in the helium and the water sides in the range of less than 0.97% and 0.65%, respectively. A Nusselt number correlation with an average error of 3.589% was also developed in terms of Reynolds number and Prandtl number.
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thermal hydraulic performance analysis of the printed circuit heat exchanger using a helium test facility and cfd simulations
Nuclear Engineering and Design, 2009Co-Authors: Hee Cheon No, Byong Guk JeonAbstract:The thermal-hydraulic performance of the PCHE was investigated using the KAIST helium test loop. Experiments were performed in the helium Laminar Region with 350 < Re < 1200. The hot/cold side inlet conditions were 25–550 °C/25–100 °C over the operating pressure of 1.5–1.9 MPa, respectively. Mass flow rates were controlled in the range of 40–100 kg/h. Pressure drop and temperature difference were measured at the inlet and outlet of the hot and cold sides. A global Fanning factor correlation and a global Nusselt number correlation were proposed using information only at the inlet and outlet of the hot and cold sides. A three-dimensional (3-D) numerical simulation was performed using FLUENT, a commercial computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code, to compare simulation results to the KAIST helium test data and to obtain the local Nusselt number in the PCHE. CFD predictions showed good agreement with experimental data. A local pitch-averaged Nusselt number correlation was proposed using local temperature, pressure, surface heat fluxes, and properties provided by CFD simulations. The system analysis code, GAMMA, was also utilized to identify which correlation was more applicable for system analysis. It turns out that the proposed local pitch-averaged Nusselt number correlation from CFD simulations is more appropriate than the global Nusselt number correlation developed from experimental data.
