The Experts below are selected from a list of 3813 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
James W Steenburgh - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the owles iop2b lake effect snowstorm mechanisms contributing to the tug hill precipitation maximum
Monthly Weather Review, 2017Co-Authors: Leah S Campbell, James W SteenburghAbstract:AbstractLake-effect storms frequently produce a pronounced precipitation maximum over the Tug Hill Plateau (hereafter Tug Hill), which rises 500 m above Lake Ontario’s eastern shore. Here Weather Research and Forecasting Model simulations are used to examine the mechanisms responsible for the Tug Hill precipitation maximum observed during IOP2b of the Ontario Winter Lake-effect Systems (OWLeS) field program. A key contributor was a Land-Breeze front that formed along Lake Ontario’s southeastern shoreline and extended inLand and northeastward across Tug Hill, cutting obliquely across the lake-effect system. Localized ascent along this boundary contributed to an inLand precipitation maximum even in simulations in which Tug Hill was removed. The presence of Tug Hill intensified and broadened the ascent region, increasing parameterized depositional and accretional hydrometeor growth, and reducing sublimational losses. The inLand extension of the Land-Breeze front and its contribution to precipitation enhancem...
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the owles iop2b lake effect snowstorm shoreline geometry and the mesoscale forcing of precipitation
Monthly Weather Review, 2017Co-Authors: James W Steenburgh, Leah S CampbellAbstract:AbstractLong-lake-axis-parallel (LLAP) lake-effect precipitation systems that form when the flow is parallel to the long axis of an elongated body of water frequently produce intense, highly localized snowfall. Conceptual models of these LLAP systems typically emphasize the role of thermally forced Land Breezes from the flanking shorelines, with low-level convergence and ascent centered near the lake axis. In reality, other factors such as shoreline geometry and differential surface roughness can strongly influence LLAP systems. Here a WRF Model simulation is used to examine the mesoscale forcing of lake-effect precipitation over Lake Ontario during IOP2b of the Ontario Winter Lake-effect Systems (OWLeS) field campaign. In the simulation, the large-scale flow, shoreline geometry, and differential surface heating and roughness contribute to the development of three major airmass boundaries. The first is a Land-Breeze front that forms along a bulge in the south shoreline between St. Catharines, Ontario, Can...
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multiscale analysis of the 7 december 1998 great salt lake effect snowstorm
Monthly Weather Review, 2001Co-Authors: James W Steenburgh, Daryl J OntonAbstract:Abstract The large-scale and mesoscale structure of the Great Salt Lake–effect snowstorm of 7 December 1998 is examined using radar analyses, high-density surface observations, conventional meteorological data, and a simulation by the Pennsylvania State University–National Center for Atmospheric Research fifth generation Mesoscale Model (MM5). Environmental conditions during the event were characterized by a lake–700-hPa temperature difference of up to 22.5°C, a lake–Land temperature difference as large as 10°C, and conditionally unstable low-level lapse rates. The primary snowband of the event formed along a Land-Breeze front near the west shoreline of the Great Salt Lake. The snowband then migrated eastward and merged with a weaker snowband as the Land-Breeze front moved eastward, offshore flow developed from the eastern shoreline, and low-level convergence developed near the midlake axis. Snowfall accumulations reached 36 cm and were heaviest in a narrow, 10-km-wide band that extended downstream from t...
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diagnostic and sensitivity studies of the 7 december 1998 great salt lake effect snowstorm
Monthly Weather Review, 2001Co-Authors: Daryl J Onton, James W SteenburghAbstract:Abstract The processes responsible for the Great Salt Lake–effect snowstorm of 7 December 1998 are examined using a series of mesoscale model simulations. Localized surface sensible and latent heating are shown to destabilize the boundary layer over the Great Salt Lake (GSL) and to produce mesoscale pressure troughing, Land-Breeze circulations, and low-level convergence that lead to the development of the primary band of convective clouds and precipitation. Model diagnostics and sensitivity studies further illustrate that moisture fluxes from the lake surface were necessary to fully develop the snowband; the hypersaline composition of the GSL did, however, decrease moisture fluxes compared to a body of freshwater, resulting in a 17% reduction of snowfall; latent heat release within the cloud and precipitation band intensified overlake pressure troughing, convergence, and precipitation; orographic effects were not responsible for snowband generation, but they did affect the distribution and intensity of pr...
Daryl J Onton - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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multiscale analysis of the 7 december 1998 great salt lake effect snowstorm
Monthly Weather Review, 2001Co-Authors: James W Steenburgh, Daryl J OntonAbstract:Abstract The large-scale and mesoscale structure of the Great Salt Lake–effect snowstorm of 7 December 1998 is examined using radar analyses, high-density surface observations, conventional meteorological data, and a simulation by the Pennsylvania State University–National Center for Atmospheric Research fifth generation Mesoscale Model (MM5). Environmental conditions during the event were characterized by a lake–700-hPa temperature difference of up to 22.5°C, a lake–Land temperature difference as large as 10°C, and conditionally unstable low-level lapse rates. The primary snowband of the event formed along a Land-Breeze front near the west shoreline of the Great Salt Lake. The snowband then migrated eastward and merged with a weaker snowband as the Land-Breeze front moved eastward, offshore flow developed from the eastern shoreline, and low-level convergence developed near the midlake axis. Snowfall accumulations reached 36 cm and were heaviest in a narrow, 10-km-wide band that extended downstream from t...
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diagnostic and sensitivity studies of the 7 december 1998 great salt lake effect snowstorm
Monthly Weather Review, 2001Co-Authors: Daryl J Onton, James W SteenburghAbstract:Abstract The processes responsible for the Great Salt Lake–effect snowstorm of 7 December 1998 are examined using a series of mesoscale model simulations. Localized surface sensible and latent heating are shown to destabilize the boundary layer over the Great Salt Lake (GSL) and to produce mesoscale pressure troughing, Land-Breeze circulations, and low-level convergence that lead to the development of the primary band of convective clouds and precipitation. Model diagnostics and sensitivity studies further illustrate that moisture fluxes from the lake surface were necessary to fully develop the snowband; the hypersaline composition of the GSL did, however, decrease moisture fluxes compared to a body of freshwater, resulting in a 17% reduction of snowfall; latent heat release within the cloud and precipitation band intensified overlake pressure troughing, convergence, and precipitation; orographic effects were not responsible for snowband generation, but they did affect the distribution and intensity of pr...
Leah S Campbell - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the owles iop2b lake effect snowstorm mechanisms contributing to the tug hill precipitation maximum
Monthly Weather Review, 2017Co-Authors: Leah S Campbell, James W SteenburghAbstract:AbstractLake-effect storms frequently produce a pronounced precipitation maximum over the Tug Hill Plateau (hereafter Tug Hill), which rises 500 m above Lake Ontario’s eastern shore. Here Weather Research and Forecasting Model simulations are used to examine the mechanisms responsible for the Tug Hill precipitation maximum observed during IOP2b of the Ontario Winter Lake-effect Systems (OWLeS) field program. A key contributor was a Land-Breeze front that formed along Lake Ontario’s southeastern shoreline and extended inLand and northeastward across Tug Hill, cutting obliquely across the lake-effect system. Localized ascent along this boundary contributed to an inLand precipitation maximum even in simulations in which Tug Hill was removed. The presence of Tug Hill intensified and broadened the ascent region, increasing parameterized depositional and accretional hydrometeor growth, and reducing sublimational losses. The inLand extension of the Land-Breeze front and its contribution to precipitation enhancem...
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the owles iop2b lake effect snowstorm shoreline geometry and the mesoscale forcing of precipitation
Monthly Weather Review, 2017Co-Authors: James W Steenburgh, Leah S CampbellAbstract:AbstractLong-lake-axis-parallel (LLAP) lake-effect precipitation systems that form when the flow is parallel to the long axis of an elongated body of water frequently produce intense, highly localized snowfall. Conceptual models of these LLAP systems typically emphasize the role of thermally forced Land Breezes from the flanking shorelines, with low-level convergence and ascent centered near the lake axis. In reality, other factors such as shoreline geometry and differential surface roughness can strongly influence LLAP systems. Here a WRF Model simulation is used to examine the mesoscale forcing of lake-effect precipitation over Lake Ontario during IOP2b of the Ontario Winter Lake-effect Systems (OWLeS) field campaign. In the simulation, the large-scale flow, shoreline geometry, and differential surface heating and roughness contribute to the development of three major airmass boundaries. The first is a Land-Breeze front that forms along a bulge in the south shoreline between St. Catharines, Ontario, Can...
Mark R Hjelmfelt - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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orographic effects in simulated lake effect snowstorms over lake michigan
Monthly Weather Review, 1992Co-Authors: Mark R HjelmfeltAbstract:Abstract Numerical simulations of lake-effect snowstorms over Lake Michigan show that orography enhances precipitation rates and mesoscale updrafts and strengthens the Land Breeze. The mild orographic changes east of Lake Michigan as modeled with an 8-km horizontal grid are not sufficient to overcome the dominance of the lake-Land temperature difference for any of the cases simulated. However, significant local effects are observed in areas of more prominent topographic features. These local effects are strongly affected by wind direction.
Rebecca E. Eager - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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a climatological study of the sea and Land Breezes in the arabian gulf region
Journal of Geophysical Research, 2008Co-Authors: Rebecca E. Eager, Adrienne Wootten, Douglas L Westphal, Sethu Raman, J G Reid, Abdulla Al MandoosAbstract:[1] This study focuses on observations of the sea and Land Breeze circulations in the southern Arabian Gulf. During the summer months, the Indian monsoon creates light northwesterly winds over the Arabian Gulf, allowing for the formation of thermally driven circulations. Observations from a network of stations are used to develop a wind climatology for the Arabian Gulf region. Characteristics of the sea and Land Breeze circulations, such as onset time, duration, and horizontal and vertical extent are described. The dense network of surface stations in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) allows for a fine-scale observational study in this region. It is found that the sea Breeze occurs during all seasons of the year in this region. It occurs in the late afternoon and continues through the evening. A Land Breeze sets in during the night. Surface offshore winds in the Land Breeze are strong probably due to drainage flow down the inLand hills.
