The Experts below are selected from a list of 288 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Ruth Hall - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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a political economy of Land Reform in south africa
Review of African Political Economy, 2004Co-Authors: Ruth HallAbstract:Land Reform is one way in which the ‘new’ South Africa set out to redress the injustices of apartheid and, by redistributing Land to black South Africans, to transform the structural basis of racial inequality. During the first decade of democracy, Land Reform has fallen far short of both public expectations and official targets. This article describes the progress of the programme and its changing nature. It is argued that a recent shift in Land policy, from a focus on the rural poor to ‘emerging’ black commercial farmers, is consistent with changes in macro-economic policy and reflects shifting class alliances. The programme now appears to pursue a limited deracialisation of the commercial farming areas rather than a process of agrarian restructuring. Most fundamentally, Land Reform has not yet provided a strategy to overcome agrarian dualism. This paper draws on research by the author under the aegis of the ‘Evaluating Land and Agrarian Reform in South Africa’ research programme at the Programme for La...
Johann F. Kirsten - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Modelling the impact of the "fast track" Land Reform policy on Zimbabwe's maize sector
Development Southern Africa, 2013Co-Authors: Tinashe Kapuya, Ferdinand H. Meyer, Johann F. KirstenAbstract:Zimbabwe has recently gone through a widely criticised Land Reform process that is argued to be the cause of subdued agricultural production. This paper attempts to present a counterfactual picture of the maize market in Zimbabwe had Land Reform been managed appropriately. The counterfactual is developed through a partial equilibrium framework in order to quantify the impact of the Land Reform programme. This, to our knowledge, is the first attempt at applying a partial equilibrium framework to an analysis of the impact of Land Reform. The results of the post-2000 Land Reform policy simulation showed that actual total maize output was lower than what could have been produced if it was under a pre-2000 Land Reform system. The study validates the assertion that Land Reforms contributed to the contraction of output. These results suggest the need for a well planned and executed Land Reform process, which can still play an important role in output growth and food security.
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Modelling the impact of the "fast track" Land Reform policy on Zimbabwe's maize sector
Development Southern Africa, 2013Co-Authors: Tinashe Kapuya, Ferdinand H. Meyer, Johann F. KirstenAbstract:Zimbabwe has recently gone through a widely criticised Land Reform process that is argued to be the cause of subdued agricultural production. This paper attempts to present a counterfactual picture of the maize market in Zimbabwe had Land Reform been managed appropriately. The counterfactual is developed through a partial equilibrium framework in order to quantify the impact of the Land Reform programme. This, to our knowledge, is the first attempt at applying a partial equilibrium framework to an analysis of the impact of Land Reform. The results of the post-2000 Land Reform policy simulation showed that actual total maize output was lower than what could have been produced if it was under a pre-2000 Land Reform system. The study validates the assertion that Land Reforms contributed to the contraction of output. These results suggest the need for a well planned and executed Land Reform process, which can still play an important role in output growth and food security.http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/cdsa20http://hdl.handle.net/2263/26058hb201
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agricultural Land Reform in south africa policies markets and mechanisms
1996Co-Authors: Johan Van Zyl, Johann F. Kirsten, Hans P BinswangerAbstract:Part I: Setting the Scene Part II: Learning from Experience Part III: Agricultural Policies, Law and Land Reform Part IV: Options for Land Reform Part V: Implementing the Programme Part IV: Managing the Process
Jennifer Whittal - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Theories of Land Reform and Their Impact on Land Reform Success in Southern Africa
Land, 2019Co-Authors: Simon Antony Hull, Kehinde Hassan Babalola, Jennifer WhittalAbstract:Our purpose is to present and test a typology of Land Reform theories as a means of understanding and interrogating the motives behind Land Reform and to better equip Land administrators and policymakers to enact Land Reform programs that are appropriate for their contexts. Here, Land Reform is understood to include the related concepts of Land redistribution, Land restitution, Land tenure Reform and Land administration Reform. The theory typology thus has application for Land restitution programs specifically operating in the global South. The continuum of theories is derived from literature and tested through a multiple case study of Land Reform in Nigeria, Mozambique, and South Africa, drawing from a combination of primary and secondary data. The findings suggest an over-reliance on replacement theories in all three contexts, although the Mozambican experience draws on theories towards the middle of the continuum (the adaptation theories). This is recommended as the most viable approach for the context.
Ward Anseeuw - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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South Africa's "Right Track" Land Reform? RECAP's efforts to resuscitate Land Reform projects in distress
2014Co-Authors: Ward AnseeuwAbstract:Although South Africa's Land Reform programme has achieved some progress in terms of improving access to Land and contributing to improved livelihood for beneficiaries, its sustainability has been questioned, both within and outside government circles. In particular, some of the transferred farms have not reached the desired levels of productivity while others are not operational at all (Kirsten and Machethe, 2005; Anseeuw, 2012). It was partly as a result of the above that the Recapitalisation and Development Programme (RADP) was introduced in 2010, promoting recapitalisation of Land Reform farms and links with strategic partners. On request of the Department of Performance, Monitoring and Evaluation (DPME), a mid-term evaluation was undertaken to assess the programme¿s implementation progress and intermediary results. This paper aims at presenting the results of this evaluation exercise. Based on extensive fieldwork and the implementation of a participatory M&E in 6 provinces, the results show that progress has been made regarding Land Reform, particularly from a socio-economic point of view. Production is increasing, market access has improved and social determinants such as social well-being and food security are on the rise. However, the strategic partnership model implemented questions effective empowerment of emerging farmers. (Résumé d'auteur)
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From Freedom Charter to cautious Land Reform
2011Co-Authors: Ward Anseeuw, Chris Alden, Sandrine Freguin-greshAbstract:South Africa's celebrated transformation from apartheid to bastion of non-racial democracy has earned it an international reputation as a site of political plurality and market stability, underwritten by a liberal constitution. And yet, with the most biased Land distribution in the region, South Africa is arguably the country with the most pressing Land question and in many ways the one which is most intractable. Land Reform was one of the main components of the ANC's agenda during its ascension to power. By stating that 'Restrictions of Land ownership on a racial basis shall be ended, and all the Land re-divided amongst those who work it to banish famine and Land hunger', the Freedom charter presented Land Reform not only as a decisive element of South Africa's ideological transition, it is also seen as one of the conditions of political, economical and social stabilisation of the country. These motivations have however faded. Despite the high profile officially accorded to Land and agrarian Reforms by the 'new' South African government, little has been done to achieve the stated objectives. Not only was a less-extreme 'willing seller - willing buyer' Land Reform approach adopted, an overall lack of attention to the countries' Land question(s) is patent. The latter did not manifest as a political challenge for the new government until the outbreak of violence in Zimbabwe. These events, coupled to the growing discontent amongst the growing ranks of unemployed and rural poor, pinpoint the ANC's policy lassitude and bureaucratic disarray, which could give way to a more forthright commitment to agrarian Reform. This discussion paper analyses the politics of Land in South Africa. It examines how South Africa's present leaders, who were claiming for the nationalization of Land in the Freedom Charter during the liberation struggle, are presently supporting a cautious approach regarding Land Reform. It does so through a historical and regional political economy lens, enabling the analysis to scrutinize South Africa's contradictory position with regards to Zimbabwe within a framework of failed Land Reform and potential destabilizing popular discontentment. The intimate links between the established political economy of settler colonialism, transition to democracy and the concurrent fashioning of a liberal constitutional regime, all of which hold tremendously important implications for attempts to embark on agrarian Reform, provides a framework for understanding the volatility inherent in the politics of Land and, with that, the political structure of post-apartheid South Africa. The power of narratives and the changing discourses regarding South Africa's Land issue - drawn from the settler state era, the liberation struggle itself and implicit in neoliberal policies pursued after democracy (and the results related to the latter) - shape the preferences and perspectives among elites, social groups and the wider population regarding Land Reform in the country.
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Evaluating South Africa's redistributive Land Reform
2008Co-Authors: Ward Anseeuw, Ntombifuthi MathebulaAbstract:After nearly 15 years of political transition, it becomes legitimate to question the effectiveness and sustainability of Land Reform in South Africa. Based on empirical findings regarding the redistributive Land Reform projects (restitution and redistribution) of the Mole-mole municipality in the Limpopo Province (South Africa), the objective of this paper is to evaluate the contribution of these projects to development and to analyze the extent to which they have improved people¿s lives in rural South Africa. The paper not only details the limited impact of the Land Reform projects on the socio-economic aspects of the majority of the beneficiaries¿ livelihoods, its assessment of the effective implementation of these Land Reform projects - from the initial application phase via the settlement to the final configuration of the project - allowed the identification of deficiencies and threats affecting the projects. Analysis of the failure to link Land Reform to development has led to recommendations, and also to a reflection on the viability and legitimacy of the existing Land policies.
Michael Albertus - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Land Reform and civil conflict theory and evidence from peru
2019Co-Authors: Michael AlbertusAbstract:How does Land Reform impact civil conflict? This paper examines this question in the prominent case of Peru by leveraging original data on all Land expropriations under military rule from 1969-1980 and event-level data from the Peruvian Truth and Reconciliation Commission on rural killings during Peru's internal conflict from 1980-2000. Using a regression discontinuity design that takes advantage of Peru’s regional approach to Land Reform through zones that did not entirely map onto major pre-existing administrative boundaries, I find that greater Land Reform dampened subsequent conflict. Districts in core areas of Land Reform zones that received intense Land Reform witnessed less conflict relative to comparable districts in adjacent peripheral areas where less Land Reform occurred. Further tests suggest that Land Reform mitigated conflict by facilitating counterinsurgency and intelligence gathering, building local organizational capacity later used to deter violence, undercutting the Marxist left, and increasing opportunity costs to supporting armed groups.
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autocracy and redistribution the politics of Land Reform
2015Co-Authors: Michael AlbertusAbstract:When and why do countries redistribute Land to the Landless? What political purposes does Land Reform serve, and what place does it have in today's world? A long-standing literature dating back to Aristotle and echoed in important recent works holds that redistribution should be both higher and more targeted at the poor under democracy. Yet comprehensive historical data to test this claim has been lacking. This book shows that Land redistribution - the most consequential form of redistribution in the developing world - occurs more often under dictatorship than democracy. It offers a novel theory of Land Reform and develops a typology of Land Reform policies. Albertus leverages original data spanning the world and dating back to 1900 to extensively test the theory using statistical analysis and case studies of key countries such as Egypt, Peru, Venezuela, and Zimbabwe. These findings call for rethinking much of the common wisdom about redistribution and regimes.
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Land Reform as a counterinsurgency policy evidence from colombia
Journal of Conflict Resolution, 2013Co-Authors: Michael Albertus, Oliver KaplanAbstract:Can targeted Land Reform reduce levels of civil war conflict by mitigating the factors that contribute to rural rebellion? This article uses new micro-level data on Land Reform and insurgency at th...
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Land Reform as a counterinsurgency policy evidence from colombia
2012Co-Authors: Michael Albertus, Oliver KaplanAbstract:Can targeted Land Reform reduce levels of civil war conflict by mitigating the factors that contribute to rural rebellion? This paper uses new micro-level data on Land Reform and insurgency at the municipal level from Colombia from 1988-2000, a country with high rates of Land inequality and informal Land ownership, to test whether Land Reform undercut subsequent guerrilla activity. The Reform had two distinct aspects. Politically powerful large Landholders blocked most large-scale Reform, which resulted primarily in an enduring, low-intensity and geographically dispersed Reform that spurred low levels of insurgent activity. Larger-scale Reforms were only implemented in areas that threatened serious violence and had the potential to harm elite interests, and in these limited areas Reform reduced guerrilla activity. This suggests that while Land Reform can be an effective counterinsurgency policy, it may be politically difficult to implement at a sufficient scale because it threatens the status quo.
