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Victoria Reyesgarcia - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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factors enhancing landrace in situ conservation in home gardens and fields in vall de gosol catalan pyrenees iberian peninsula
Journal of Ethnobiology, 2014Co-Authors: Carles Riubosoms, Laura Calvetmir, Victoria ReyesgarciaAbstract:Abstract Research on landrace in situ conservation has examined the socio-economic characteristics of landrace custodians and the social organizations where landrace diversity occurs. However, researchers have paid less attention to the distinctive features that result in Landraces of some crops being preserved while others are abandoned. In this work, we analyze reasons behind Landraces' in situ conservation or abandonment. We worked in temperate home gardens in Vall de Gosol, Catalan Pyrenees. Data collection included participant and non-participant observation, freelistings, garden inventories, structured interviews, and a workshop. We found ten strains that conform to the definition of landrace, a high number for the relatively small geographical area studied. Crop and landrace features are of key importance in explaining whether a landrace is maintained or abandoned. Features that promote in situ conservation include 1) crop and/or Landraces intrinsic characteristics (e.g., propagule viability, produ...
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seed exchange as an agrobiodiversity conservation mechanism a case study in vall fosca catalan pyrenees iberian peninsula
Ecology and Society, 2012Co-Authors: Laura Calvetmir, Maria Calvetmir, Jose Luis Molina, Victoria ReyesgarciaAbstract:Interest in Landraces conservation has grown in the last decades with research on the topic focusing on in situ conservation of agrobiodiversity in the tropics. Researchers agree that home gardens play a key role in the maintenance of in situ agrobiodiversity, but few studies have analyzed how farmers actually maintain agrobiodiversity in home gardens and what mechanisms they use to avoid genetic erosion. We evaluate the functioning of a network of seed exchange and explore its contribution to agrobiodiversity conservation. We focus on the exchange of seeds and seedlings among 55 home garden keepers who grow a total of 62 home gardens in Vall Fosca (Catalan Pyrenees). Fieldwork included visits to gardens and surveys to register the frequency and management of local Landraces. We also asked about the farmers' network of seed exchange. We identified 20 local Landraces belonging to 17 species. People who were mentioned more often in the network of seed exchange (highest indegree) and who had a higher level of intermediation among other people in their personal network (highest egobetweenness) conserved more local Landraces and had more local landrace knowledge than people who were less central in the network. Our findings suggest that local landrace conservation is strongly associated with individual position in the network of seed exchange.
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Landraces in situ conservation a case study in high mountain home gardens in vall fosca catalan pyrenees iberian peninsula1
Economic Botany, 2011Co-Authors: Laura Calvetmir, Maria Calvetmir, Laura Vaquenunez, Victoria ReyesgarciaAbstract:Landracesin situConservation: A Case Study in High-Mountain Home Gardens in Vall Fosca, Catalan Pyrenees, Iberian Peninsula. Interest in landrace conservation has grown over the last few decades with much research focusing on the maintenance of on-farm crop genetic diversity in the tropics. Research on Landraces is less abundant in temperate climates. In this paper we assess landrace conservation status in home gardens in Vall Fosca (Catalan Pyrenees, Iberian Peninsula). We estimate the individual socio-demographic attributes associated with in situ conservation of Landraces and explore the reasons for their conservation. Fieldwork was conducted March–September 2008, during which time we surveyed 60 home gardens, owned by 53 tenders from 16 villages. We recorded occurrence, abundance, uses, and management of plants cultivated in home gardens. We also inquired about the informants’ reasons for conserving Landraces. We found 148 different species. We identified 39 Landraces corresponding to 31 species. Women, people over 65 years of age, experienced gardeners, and people who grow their home garden organically were more likely to conserve Landraces than people without those characteristics. Although the informants express a strong preference for Landraces, they mainly grow commercial varieties. Landraces seem to be displaced by less labor-intensive commercial varieties.
Laura Calvetmir - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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factors enhancing landrace in situ conservation in home gardens and fields in vall de gosol catalan pyrenees iberian peninsula
Journal of Ethnobiology, 2014Co-Authors: Carles Riubosoms, Laura Calvetmir, Victoria ReyesgarciaAbstract:Abstract Research on landrace in situ conservation has examined the socio-economic characteristics of landrace custodians and the social organizations where landrace diversity occurs. However, researchers have paid less attention to the distinctive features that result in Landraces of some crops being preserved while others are abandoned. In this work, we analyze reasons behind Landraces' in situ conservation or abandonment. We worked in temperate home gardens in Vall de Gosol, Catalan Pyrenees. Data collection included participant and non-participant observation, freelistings, garden inventories, structured interviews, and a workshop. We found ten strains that conform to the definition of landrace, a high number for the relatively small geographical area studied. Crop and landrace features are of key importance in explaining whether a landrace is maintained or abandoned. Features that promote in situ conservation include 1) crop and/or Landraces intrinsic characteristics (e.g., propagule viability, produ...
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seed exchange as an agrobiodiversity conservation mechanism a case study in vall fosca catalan pyrenees iberian peninsula
Ecology and Society, 2012Co-Authors: Laura Calvetmir, Maria Calvetmir, Jose Luis Molina, Victoria ReyesgarciaAbstract:Interest in Landraces conservation has grown in the last decades with research on the topic focusing on in situ conservation of agrobiodiversity in the tropics. Researchers agree that home gardens play a key role in the maintenance of in situ agrobiodiversity, but few studies have analyzed how farmers actually maintain agrobiodiversity in home gardens and what mechanisms they use to avoid genetic erosion. We evaluate the functioning of a network of seed exchange and explore its contribution to agrobiodiversity conservation. We focus on the exchange of seeds and seedlings among 55 home garden keepers who grow a total of 62 home gardens in Vall Fosca (Catalan Pyrenees). Fieldwork included visits to gardens and surveys to register the frequency and management of local Landraces. We also asked about the farmers' network of seed exchange. We identified 20 local Landraces belonging to 17 species. People who were mentioned more often in the network of seed exchange (highest indegree) and who had a higher level of intermediation among other people in their personal network (highest egobetweenness) conserved more local Landraces and had more local landrace knowledge than people who were less central in the network. Our findings suggest that local landrace conservation is strongly associated with individual position in the network of seed exchange.
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Landraces in situ conservation a case study in high mountain home gardens in vall fosca catalan pyrenees iberian peninsula1
Economic Botany, 2011Co-Authors: Laura Calvetmir, Maria Calvetmir, Laura Vaquenunez, Victoria ReyesgarciaAbstract:Landracesin situConservation: A Case Study in High-Mountain Home Gardens in Vall Fosca, Catalan Pyrenees, Iberian Peninsula. Interest in landrace conservation has grown over the last few decades with much research focusing on the maintenance of on-farm crop genetic diversity in the tropics. Research on Landraces is less abundant in temperate climates. In this paper we assess landrace conservation status in home gardens in Vall Fosca (Catalan Pyrenees, Iberian Peninsula). We estimate the individual socio-demographic attributes associated with in situ conservation of Landraces and explore the reasons for their conservation. Fieldwork was conducted March–September 2008, during which time we surveyed 60 home gardens, owned by 53 tenders from 16 villages. We recorded occurrence, abundance, uses, and management of plants cultivated in home gardens. We also inquired about the informants’ reasons for conserving Landraces. We found 148 different species. We identified 39 Landraces corresponding to 31 species. Women, people over 65 years of age, experienced gardeners, and people who grow their home garden organically were more likely to conserve Landraces than people without those characteristics. Although the informants express a strong preference for Landraces, they mainly grow commercial varieties. Landraces seem to be displaced by less labor-intensive commercial varieties.
Jenny Hagenblad - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Genetic Diversity in 19th Century Barley (Hordeum vulgare) Reflects Differing Agricultural Practices and Seed Trade in Jämtland, Sweden
'MDPI AG', 2021Co-Authors: Martin N. A. Larsson, Matti W Leino, Jenny HagenbladAbstract:Landrace crops are important genetic resources, both for plant breeding efforts and for studying agrarian history. The distribution of genetic diversity among Landraces can reflect effects of climate, economic structure, and trade also over a limited spatial and temporal scale. In this study, we have SNP genotyped historical barley seed samples from the late 19th century, together with extant barley landrace accessions from Jämtland, Sweden, a county centrally located, situated between Sweden and Norway. We found two main genetic clusters, one associated with the main agricultural district around lake Storsjön and one in the peripheral areas. Data was also compared with genotypes from Landraces from across the Scandinavian peninsula. Accessions from the peripheral part of Jämtland show genetic similarity to accessions from a large part of central Scandinavia, while the accessions from the Storsjön district are more differentiated. We suggest that these dissimilarities in genetic diversity distribution are explained by differences in the relative importance of agriculture and trading. We further compared the historical material with ex situ preserved extant Landraces from the same region and found that their genetic diversity was not always representative of the given provenience. The historical material, in contrast, proved particularly valuable for assessing how crop genetic diversity has historically been influenced by economic focus
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nineteenth century seeds reveal the population genetics of landrace barley hordeum vulgare
Molecular Biology and Evolution, 2010Co-Authors: Matti W Leino, Jenny HagenbladAbstract:Barley (Hordeum vulgare) is a major crop, grown worldwide and in a wide range of climatic conditions. Despite its importance as a crop species, little is known about the population genetics of barley and the effects of bottlenecks, adaptation, and gene flow on genetic diversity within and between landrace populations. In areas with highly developed agriculture, such as Northern Europe, these types of genetic studies are hampered by lack of Landraces preserved in situ or ex situ. Here, we report a genetic study of Swedish landrace barley using 113-year-old seed samples. The results demonstrate differing levels of variation with some latitudinal effect. We also detect clear population differentiation and population structure within Sweden into a southern and a northern cluster. These results possibly reflect different introduction routes of barley into Sweden. We thus show that the study of historic material can be an important alternative for regions where no or little extant landrace material is available.
Maria Calvetmir - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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seed exchange as an agrobiodiversity conservation mechanism a case study in vall fosca catalan pyrenees iberian peninsula
Ecology and Society, 2012Co-Authors: Laura Calvetmir, Maria Calvetmir, Jose Luis Molina, Victoria ReyesgarciaAbstract:Interest in Landraces conservation has grown in the last decades with research on the topic focusing on in situ conservation of agrobiodiversity in the tropics. Researchers agree that home gardens play a key role in the maintenance of in situ agrobiodiversity, but few studies have analyzed how farmers actually maintain agrobiodiversity in home gardens and what mechanisms they use to avoid genetic erosion. We evaluate the functioning of a network of seed exchange and explore its contribution to agrobiodiversity conservation. We focus on the exchange of seeds and seedlings among 55 home garden keepers who grow a total of 62 home gardens in Vall Fosca (Catalan Pyrenees). Fieldwork included visits to gardens and surveys to register the frequency and management of local Landraces. We also asked about the farmers' network of seed exchange. We identified 20 local Landraces belonging to 17 species. People who were mentioned more often in the network of seed exchange (highest indegree) and who had a higher level of intermediation among other people in their personal network (highest egobetweenness) conserved more local Landraces and had more local landrace knowledge than people who were less central in the network. Our findings suggest that local landrace conservation is strongly associated with individual position in the network of seed exchange.
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Landraces in situ conservation a case study in high mountain home gardens in vall fosca catalan pyrenees iberian peninsula1
Economic Botany, 2011Co-Authors: Laura Calvetmir, Maria Calvetmir, Laura Vaquenunez, Victoria ReyesgarciaAbstract:Landracesin situConservation: A Case Study in High-Mountain Home Gardens in Vall Fosca, Catalan Pyrenees, Iberian Peninsula. Interest in landrace conservation has grown over the last few decades with much research focusing on the maintenance of on-farm crop genetic diversity in the tropics. Research on Landraces is less abundant in temperate climates. In this paper we assess landrace conservation status in home gardens in Vall Fosca (Catalan Pyrenees, Iberian Peninsula). We estimate the individual socio-demographic attributes associated with in situ conservation of Landraces and explore the reasons for their conservation. Fieldwork was conducted March–September 2008, during which time we surveyed 60 home gardens, owned by 53 tenders from 16 villages. We recorded occurrence, abundance, uses, and management of plants cultivated in home gardens. We also inquired about the informants’ reasons for conserving Landraces. We found 148 different species. We identified 39 Landraces corresponding to 31 species. Women, people over 65 years of age, experienced gardeners, and people who grow their home garden organically were more likely to conserve Landraces than people without those characteristics. Although the informants express a strong preference for Landraces, they mainly grow commercial varieties. Landraces seem to be displaced by less labor-intensive commercial varieties.
Leino M. W. - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Population genetic structure in Fennoscandian landrace rye (Secale cereale L.) spanning 350 years
'Springer Science and Business Media LLC', 2019Co-Authors: Larsson P., Oliveira R. Hugo, Lundström M., Hagenblad Jenny, Lagerås P., Leino M. W.Abstract:Rye (Secale cereale L.) was for centuries the economically most important crop in Fennoscandia (Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden). Historical records tell of a range of different types adapted to climate and varying cultivation practices. Genetic analyses of genebank maintained landrace rye have yet failed, with a few exceptions, to detect differentiation between rye types. Concerns have been raised that genebank material does not truly reflect the historical variation in landrace rye. In this study, we have therefore genotyped old and historical samples of rye as well as extant material. Two historical seventeenth century samples were obtained from a grave and a museum archive respectively, and 35 old samples were taken from 100 to 140-year-old seed collections and museum artefacts made of straw. We could confirm the results of previous studies suggesting Fennoscandian landrace rye to be one major meta-population, genetically different from other European rye Landraces, but with no support for slash-and-burn types of rye being genetically different from other rye Landraces. Only small differences in genetic diversity and allele distribution was found between old landrace rye from museum collections and extant genebank accessions, arguing against a substantial change in the genetic diversity during twentieth century cultivation and several regenerations during genebank maintenance. The genotypes of the old and historical samples suggest that the genetic structure of Fennoscandian landrace rye has been relatively stable for 350years. In contrast, we find that the younger samples and early improved cultivars belong to a different genetic group, more related to Landraces from Central Europe.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
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Population genetic structure in Fennoscandian landrace rye (Secale cereale L.) spanning 350 years
'Springer Science and Business Media LLC', 2019Co-Authors: Larsson Per, Hagenblad Jenny, Lagerås P., Oliveira H. R., Lundström Maria, Leino M. W.Abstract:Rye (Secale cereale L.) was for centuries the economically most important crop in Fennoscandia (Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden). Historical records tell of a range of different types adapted to climate and varying cultivation practices. Genetic analyses of genebank maintained landrace rye have yet failed, with a few exceptions, to detect differentiation between rye types. Concerns have been raised that genebank material does not truly reflect the historical variation in landrace rye. In this study, we have therefore genotyped old and historical samples of rye as well as extant material. Two historical seventeenth century samples were obtained from a grave and a museum archive respectively, and 35 old samples were taken from 100 to 140-year-old seed collections and museum artefacts made of straw. We could confirm the results of previous studies suggesting Fennoscandian landrace rye to be one major meta-population, genetically different from other European rye Landraces, but with no support for slash-and-burn types of rye being genetically different from other rye Landraces. Only small differences in genetic diversity and allele distribution was found between old landrace rye from museum collections and extant genebank accessions, arguing against a substantial change in the genetic diversity during twentieth century cultivation and several regenerations during genebank maintenance. The genotypes of the old and historical samples suggest that the genetic structure of Fennoscandian landrace rye has been relatively stable for 350years. In contrast, we find that the younger samples and early improved cultivars belong to a different genetic group, more related to Landraces from Central Europe.Funding Agencies|Lagersberg foundation; Royal Academy of Science; Helge Ax:son Johnson Foundation; Crafoord Foundation; Sven and Lilly Lawski Foundation; Swedish Research Council; Berit Wallenberg Foundation
