The Experts below are selected from a list of 90 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Gordon W Hewes - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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primate communication and the gestural origin of language
Current Anthropology, 1992Co-Authors: Gordon W HewesAbstract:Wallace, Tylor, Wundt, Johannesson, and others have proposed that human language had its basis in hand and arm gestures. The Gardners' work with the chimpanzee Washoe, Premack's study of the chimpanzee Sarah, and continuing experiments along these lines indicate that neural restructuring would not have been necessary for the protohominid acquisition of a simple propositional gesture or sign language which did not involve cross-modal transfer at a high level from the visual to the auditory channel or vice versa. Evidence from primate studies, early tool-using, the continuing functions of gesture in human communication, Lateral Dominance in its relation to speech and tool manipulation, and other sources is presented to support a model of glottogenesis. It is argued that a preexisting gestural language system would have provided an easier pathway to vocal language than a direct outgrowth of the "emotional" use of vocalization characteristic of nonhuman primates.
Shinichi Demura - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Lateral Dominance involving hand grip strength among soft tennis players swimmers and general people
American Journal of Sports Science and Medicine, 2021Co-Authors: Hiroki Aoki, Shinichi Demura, Kenji Takahashi, Hidenori ShinoharaAbstract:Tennis players frequently use their dominant arm in training and games; hence, the difference between their left and right hand grip strength may be significant. This study aimed to examine Lateral Dominance in terms of hand grip strength among soft tennis players, swimmers, and general people. The subjects included 65 soft tennis players, 30 competitive swimmers, and 45 regular people, all of whom were male university students. The three groups did not show significant differences in mean age. The hand grip strength of their dominant and nondominant hands was measured twice. The results of the two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) (groups × dominant/nondominant hands) showed a significant interaction. Multiple-comparison tests showed that soft tennis players have stronger dominant-hand grip than swimmers and regular people. In addition, the hand grip strength was higher in the dominant hand than in the nondominant hand in all groups. In addition, the one-way ANOVA showed a significantly larger hand grip strength ratio (dominant hand/nondominant hand) in soft tennis players than in swimmers and regular people. In conclusion, soft tennis players have stronger dominant-hand grip than swimmers and regular people as well as a higher marked Lateral Dominance.
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The effect of gender and Lateral Dominance on gripping muscle power in young adults
Sport Sciences for Health, 2008Co-Authors: Hiroki Aoki, Shinichi DemuraAbstract:This study aimed to clarify the effect of gender and Lateral Dominance on grip muscle power. Subjects included healthy young males and females (15 men aged 22.1±0.7 years and 15 women aged 22.4±1.0 years) who were right-hand dominant. Grip muscle power (peak power) was measured in the dominant and non-dominant hands with six different loads ranging from 20% to 70% of maximum voluntary contraction (MVC). The grip muscle power was significantly larger in males than in females and in the dominant hand than in the non-dominant hand. In short, Lateral Dominance was confirmed. The grip muscle power values increased with increasing loads, and decreased after reaching a maximal value at about 50% MVC in both genders. In contrast, peak velocity decreased with increasing loads. The grip muscle power ratio of the dominant hand to the non-dominant hand was significantly larger in females in all loads. In conclusion, although grip muscle power is superior in males and in the dominant hand, the Lateral Dominance is more marked in females.
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Characteristics and Lateral Dominance of Hand Grip and Elbow Flexion Powers in Young Male Adults
Journal of Physiological Anthropology, 2008Co-Authors: Hiroki Aoki, Shinichi DemuraAbstract:This study aimed to clarify the characteristics and the Lateral Dominance of hand grip power and elbow flexion power. The subjects were 15 healthy young males (mean age 22.1±0.7 yr, mean height 171.3±3.4 cm, mean mass 64.5±4.1 kg). All subjects were right-handed. Peak power was measured by both hands with 6 different loads of 20%–70% of maximum voluntary contraction. The maximum voluntary contraction of hand grip movement and elbow flexion movement was significantly larger in the dominant hand. Peak power of the dominant hand was larger in all loads in hand grip movement and in loads of 20% and 30% of maximum voluntary contraction in elbow flexion movement. In short, Lateral Dominance was confirmed. Peak power was significantly larger in hand grip movement than in elbow flexion movement in both hands. Peak velocity decreased with increasing loads in both movements, but peak power increased until about 50% of maximum voluntary contraction and then decreased. The peak power ratio of the dominant hand to the nondominant hand was significantly larger in hand grip movement than in elbow flexion movement in all loads and the peak power ratio in elbow flexion movement was more marked in light loads. In conclusion, both powers showed Lateral Dominance. Lateral Dominance is more marked in hand grip power.
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Lateral Dominance of legs in maximal muscle power muscular endurance and grading ability
Perceptual and Motor Skills, 2001Co-Authors: Shinichi Demura, Shunsuke Yamaji, Fumio Goshi, Yoshinori NagasawaAbstract:The purpose of this study was to examine Lateral Dominance in maximal muscle power, muscular endurance, and grading ability, using isokinetic mulscular strength in knee extension and flexion. The subjects were 50 healthy male students whose ages ranged from 19 to 23 years (M height: 173.6+/-6.2 cm, M weight: 67.2+/-6.8 kg). Their dominant legs for power exertion and for functional use were based on questionnaire items selected from those used in previous studies. The angular velocities of extension and flexion for exerting maximal muscle power were 60, 180, and 300 x sec.(-1). A continuous exertion 30 times at an angular velocity of 180 sec.(-1) was used as the load for muscular endurance. For grading ability, 25%, 50% and 75% of the maximal muscle strength at angular velocities of 60 and 180 x sec.(-1) were the required values, and the difference between these values and the exerted muscular strength was evaluated. The dominant leg and nondominant leg were compared for both power exertion and functional use. There was no Lateral Dominance in maximal muscle power and muscular endurance. In muscular endurance, especially, some subjects showed one leg superior in power exertion and some superior in functional use. Lateral Dominance was noted across maximal muscle power and muscular endurance in grading ability. The dominant leg tended to be better than the nondominant leg in functional use. However, Lateral Dominance was not remarkable for flexing motion and in exertion for a short time.
Hiroki Aoki - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Lateral Dominance involving hand grip strength among soft tennis players swimmers and general people
American Journal of Sports Science and Medicine, 2021Co-Authors: Hiroki Aoki, Shinichi Demura, Kenji Takahashi, Hidenori ShinoharaAbstract:Tennis players frequently use their dominant arm in training and games; hence, the difference between their left and right hand grip strength may be significant. This study aimed to examine Lateral Dominance in terms of hand grip strength among soft tennis players, swimmers, and general people. The subjects included 65 soft tennis players, 30 competitive swimmers, and 45 regular people, all of whom were male university students. The three groups did not show significant differences in mean age. The hand grip strength of their dominant and nondominant hands was measured twice. The results of the two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) (groups × dominant/nondominant hands) showed a significant interaction. Multiple-comparison tests showed that soft tennis players have stronger dominant-hand grip than swimmers and regular people. In addition, the hand grip strength was higher in the dominant hand than in the nondominant hand in all groups. In addition, the one-way ANOVA showed a significantly larger hand grip strength ratio (dominant hand/nondominant hand) in soft tennis players than in swimmers and regular people. In conclusion, soft tennis players have stronger dominant-hand grip than swimmers and regular people as well as a higher marked Lateral Dominance.
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The effect of gender and Lateral Dominance on gripping muscle power in young adults
Sport Sciences for Health, 2008Co-Authors: Hiroki Aoki, Shinichi DemuraAbstract:This study aimed to clarify the effect of gender and Lateral Dominance on grip muscle power. Subjects included healthy young males and females (15 men aged 22.1±0.7 years and 15 women aged 22.4±1.0 years) who were right-hand dominant. Grip muscle power (peak power) was measured in the dominant and non-dominant hands with six different loads ranging from 20% to 70% of maximum voluntary contraction (MVC). The grip muscle power was significantly larger in males than in females and in the dominant hand than in the non-dominant hand. In short, Lateral Dominance was confirmed. The grip muscle power values increased with increasing loads, and decreased after reaching a maximal value at about 50% MVC in both genders. In contrast, peak velocity decreased with increasing loads. The grip muscle power ratio of the dominant hand to the non-dominant hand was significantly larger in females in all loads. In conclusion, although grip muscle power is superior in males and in the dominant hand, the Lateral Dominance is more marked in females.
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Characteristics and Lateral Dominance of Hand Grip and Elbow Flexion Powers in Young Male Adults
Journal of Physiological Anthropology, 2008Co-Authors: Hiroki Aoki, Shinichi DemuraAbstract:This study aimed to clarify the characteristics and the Lateral Dominance of hand grip power and elbow flexion power. The subjects were 15 healthy young males (mean age 22.1±0.7 yr, mean height 171.3±3.4 cm, mean mass 64.5±4.1 kg). All subjects were right-handed. Peak power was measured by both hands with 6 different loads of 20%–70% of maximum voluntary contraction. The maximum voluntary contraction of hand grip movement and elbow flexion movement was significantly larger in the dominant hand. Peak power of the dominant hand was larger in all loads in hand grip movement and in loads of 20% and 30% of maximum voluntary contraction in elbow flexion movement. In short, Lateral Dominance was confirmed. Peak power was significantly larger in hand grip movement than in elbow flexion movement in both hands. Peak velocity decreased with increasing loads in both movements, but peak power increased until about 50% of maximum voluntary contraction and then decreased. The peak power ratio of the dominant hand to the nondominant hand was significantly larger in hand grip movement than in elbow flexion movement in all loads and the peak power ratio in elbow flexion movement was more marked in light loads. In conclusion, both powers showed Lateral Dominance. Lateral Dominance is more marked in hand grip power.
Garruto, Ralph M - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Measures of Lateral Functional Dominance: Foot Preference, Eye Preference, Digital Interlocking, Arm Folding and Foot Overlapping
DigitalCommons@WayneState, 2020Co-Authors: Plato, Chris C, Fox, Kathleen M, Garruto, Ralph MAbstract:In the present study we examined five different measures of Lateral functional Dominance: foot preference (kicking a ball), eye preference, digital interlocking (hand clasping), arm folding and foot overlapping. The calculated frequencies of left and right Dominance for each of these variables suggested a significant (p \u3c .01) association between the two foot functions, foot preference and foot overlapping, in both males and females. The foot functions also showed a significant association with handedness (handwriting). With the exception of the significant association between eye preference and foot preference in females, the three remaining traits, eye preference, digital interlocking and arm folding were found to be independent of each other, as well as of the two foot functions and handedness. The frequencies of left Dominance for the two foot functions, foot preference and foot overlapping were twice as high in males as in females. The other traits showed no sex related differences in Lateral Dominance. Cross-sectional age comparisons gave no evidence that the frequency of any of the five traits studied change with age once adulthood has been reached
Hidenori Shinohara - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Lateral Dominance involving hand grip strength among soft tennis players swimmers and general people
American Journal of Sports Science and Medicine, 2021Co-Authors: Hiroki Aoki, Shinichi Demura, Kenji Takahashi, Hidenori ShinoharaAbstract:Tennis players frequently use their dominant arm in training and games; hence, the difference between their left and right hand grip strength may be significant. This study aimed to examine Lateral Dominance in terms of hand grip strength among soft tennis players, swimmers, and general people. The subjects included 65 soft tennis players, 30 competitive swimmers, and 45 regular people, all of whom were male university students. The three groups did not show significant differences in mean age. The hand grip strength of their dominant and nondominant hands was measured twice. The results of the two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) (groups × dominant/nondominant hands) showed a significant interaction. Multiple-comparison tests showed that soft tennis players have stronger dominant-hand grip than swimmers and regular people. In addition, the hand grip strength was higher in the dominant hand than in the nondominant hand in all groups. In addition, the one-way ANOVA showed a significantly larger hand grip strength ratio (dominant hand/nondominant hand) in soft tennis players than in swimmers and regular people. In conclusion, soft tennis players have stronger dominant-hand grip than swimmers and regular people as well as a higher marked Lateral Dominance.
