The Experts below are selected from a list of 249 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Horst Bleckmann - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Micro-Machined Flow Sensors Mimicking Lateral Line Canal Neuromasts
Micromachines, 2015Co-Authors: Hendrik Herzog, Adrian Klein, Siegfried Steltenkamp, Simon Tätzner, Elisabeth Schulze, Horst BleckmannAbstract:Fish sense water motions with their Lateral Line. The Lateral Line is a sensory system that contains up to several thousand mechanoreceptors, called neuromasts. Neuromasts occur freestanding on the skin and in subepidermal canals. We developed arrays of flow sensors based on Lateral Line canal neuromasts using a biomimetic approach. Each flow sensor was equipped with a PDMS (polydimethylsiloxane) lamella integrated into a canal system by means of thick- and thin-film technology. Our artificial Lateral Line system can estimate bulk flow velocity from the spatio-temporal propagation of flow fluctuations. Based on the modular sensor design, we were able to detect flow rates in an industrial application of tap water flow metering. Our sensory system withstood water pressures of up to six bar. We used finite element modeling to study the fluid flow inside the canal system and how this flow depends on canal dimensions. In a second set of experiments, we separated the flow sensors from the main stream by means of a flexible membrane. Nevertheless, these biomimetic neuromasts were still able to sense flow fluctuations. Fluid separation is a prerequisite for flow measurements in medical and pharmaceutical applications.
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Function of Lateral Line canal morphology
Integrative zoology, 2015Co-Authors: Adrian Klein, Horst BleckmannAbstract:Fish perceive water motions and pressure gradients with their Lateral Line. Lateral Line information is used for prey detection, spatial orientation, predator avoidance, schooling behavior, intraspecific communication and station holding. The Lateral Line of most fishes consists of superficial neuromasts (SNs) and canal neuromasts (CNs). The distribution of SNs and CNs shows a high degree of variation among fishes. Researchers have speculated for decades about the functional significance of this diversity, often without any conclusive answers. Klein et al. (2013) examined how tubules, pore number and pore patterns affect the filter properties of Lateral Line canals in a marine teleost, the black prickleback (Xiphister atropurpureus). A preliminary mathematical model was formulated and biomimetic sensors were built. For the present study the mathematical model was extended to understand the major underlying principle of how canal dimensions influence the filter properties of the Lateral Line. Both the extended mathematical model and the sensor experiments show that the number and distribution of pores determine the spatial filter properties of the Lateral Line. In an environment with little hydrodynamic noise, simple and complex Lateral Line canals have comparable response properties. However, if exposed to highly turbulent conditions, canals with numerous widely spaced pores increase the signal to noise ratio significantly.
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the Lateral Line system
Published in 2014, 2014Co-Authors: Sheryl Coombs, Horst Bleckmann, Richard R Fay, Arthur N PopperAbstract:The Gems of the Past: A Brief History of Lateral Line Research in the Context of the Hearing Sciences.- Morphological Diversity, Development, and Evolution of the Mechanosensory Lateral Line System.- The Hydrodynamic of Flow Stimuli.- The Biophysics of the Fish Lateral Line.- Sensory Ecology and Neuroethology of the Lateral Line.- Information Encoding and Processing by the Peripheral Lateral Line System.- The Central Nervous Organization of the Lateral Line System.- Central Processing of Lateral Line Information.- Functional Overlap and Nonoverlap Between Lateral Line and Auditory Systems.- The Hearing Loss, Protection, and Regeneration in the Larval Zebrafish Lateral Line.
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Sensory Ecology and Neuroethology of the Lateral Line
Springer Handbook of Auditory Research, 2013Co-Authors: John C. Montgomery, Horst Bleckmann, Sheryl CoombsAbstract:The sensory ecology and neuroethology of the Lateral Line provides an overview of the role of the Lateral Line in natural fish behaviour. The approach is more conceptual than comprehensive, choosing representative behaviors and especially those that lend themselves to a neuroethological analysis. This approach provides a clear focus for the determination of the relevant parameters of the physical stimulus, the physical and physiological mediation of stimulus encoding, and a targeted approach as to how the central nervous system processes and transforms sensory inputs to behavioral action. Like all major sensory systems, the Lateral Line makes an important contribution to the sensory capabilities of fish and aquatic amphibians and contributes to a wide range of core behaviors. This overview covers the role of the Lateral Line in: feeding, avoidance of predators, communication, hydrodynamic imaging, and orientation to slow and turbulent flows.
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Central Processing of Lateral Line Information
Springer Handbook of Auditory Research, 2013Co-Authors: Horst Bleckmann, Joachim MogdansAbstract:With the Lateral Line system, fish and aquatic amphibians detect minute water motions. The hydrodynamic information that is received by the Lateral Line sense organs, the neuromasts, is represented by the activity of afferent nerve fibers and is analyzed by the brain to determine identity and location of a source of hydrodynamic disturbance. This chapter presents our current knowledge on the processing of various hydrodynamic stimuli at different levels of the ascending Lateral Line pathway. Different stimuli have been used to study the function of central Lateral Line units, including dipole stimuli, moving objects, bulk water flow, and vortex streets. Compared to primary afferent nerve fibers, most central units are less sensitive to dipole stimuli and exhibit more complex spatial receptive fields and highly selective responses to moving objects. When exposed to bulk water flow, flow-sensitive central units may increase or decrease their ongoing discharge rate. As a consequence, their responses to dipole stimuli or moving objects may be masked. When stimulated with a vortex street, central units may represent the vortex shedding frequency in their activity. Anatomical studies have uncovered somatotopic representations of the Lateral Line periphery in various brain regions. Physiological data, however, that are indicative of a systematic representation of hydrodynamic information such as source location or bulk flow velocity in the form of a central map are scarce. More studies are needed to uncover the computational rules and the circuit diagrams implemented in the central Lateral Line.
David W. Raible - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The Mechanosensory Lateral Line System
The Zebrafish in Biomedical Research, 2020Co-Authors: Eric D Thomas, David W. RaibleAbstract:Abstract The zebrafish Lateral Line is a sensory system used to detect changes in water flow. It is made up of sensory organs called neuromasts, which are comprised of clusters of mechanosensory hair cells, nonsensory support cells, and their neural connections. This system is initially established by a migratory column of cells called a primordium, which travels down the surface of the fish depositing neuromasts in its wake. A complex network of chemokine, Wnt, and FGF signaling mediates primordium migration and neuromast deposition, and Notch-mediated Lateral inhibition is responsible for hair cell specification. As zebrafish age, the Lateral Line expands to accommodate the increased size of the fish. Furthermore, the hair cells of the Lateral Line are able to regenerate after damage. New hair cells arise from the proliferation and differentiation of the surrounding support cells. The Lateral Line has proven to be an excellent system in which to study cell migration, sensory development, and regeneration.
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hearing loss protection and regeneration in the larval zebrafish Lateral Line
2013Co-Authors: Allison B. Coffin, David W. Raible, Heather R Brignull, Edwin W RubelAbstract:This chapter reviews how the larval zebrafish Lateral Line serves as a model system for studying hair cell death and regeneration. Drugs or vital dyes are rapidly taken up by Lateral Line hair cells and their effects can be quickly determined by visual assessment. Studies characterizing the death and robust regeneration of Lateral Line hair cells after exposure to a range of known toxins have established the Lateral Line as an in vivo model system for understanding these processes. The Lateral Line has also been the focus of several large-scale drug screens designed to identify novel ototoxins, protective compounds, and compounds that modulate hair cell regeneration. Genetic screens have also provided data about the genes contributing to toxin sensitivity and hair cell regeneration. The combination of rapid, quantitative assays with methods for in vivo visualization make the zebrafish Lateral Line a promising system for understanding fundamental processes underlying hair cell death and regeneration, and for identifying potential fruitful approaches to modulating these processes in other systems.
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Signaling Pathways Regulating Zebrafish Minireview Lateral Line Development
Current Biology, 2009Co-Authors: Eva Y., David W. RaibleAbstract:The Lateral Line organ is a mechanosensory organ of fish and amphibians that detects changes in water flow. The Lateral Line organ of zebrafish has been used as a model for cell polarity and collective cell migration as well as hair cell loss and regeneration. A combination of genetic tools and live imaging has allowed dissection of signaling pathways that regulate these processes. Here, we summarize recent findings on the roles of the FGF, Wnt/betacatenin, and Notch pathways in the initial formation of the posterior Lateral Line primordium, as well as during organ patterning, migration, cell fate specification and hair cell regeneration.
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Signaling Pathways Regulating Zebrafish Lateral Line Development
Current Biology, 2009Co-Authors: Eva Y., David W. RaibleAbstract:The Lateral Line organ is a mechanosensory organ of fish and amphibians that detects changes in water flow. The Lateral Line organ of zebrafish has been used as a model for cell polarity and collective cell migration as well as hair cell loss and regeneration. A combination of genetic tools and live imaging has allowed dissection of signaling pathways that regulate these processes. Here, we summarize recent findings on the roles of the FGF, Wnt/beta-catenin, and Notch pathways in the initial formation of the posterior Lateral Line primordium, as well as during organ patterning, migration, cell fate specification and hair cell regeneration.
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Organization of the Lateral Line system in embryonic zebrafish.
The Journal of comparative neurology, 2000Co-Authors: David W. Raible, Gregory J. KruseAbstract:We describe the organization of Lateral Line nerves and ganglia in the embryonic zebrafish, Danio rerio. Two Lateral Line nerves are found anterior to the otic vesicle: the anterodorsal nerve innervates neuromasts of the supraorbital, infraorbital, and otic Lines, whereas the anteroventral nerve innervates the mandibular and opercular Lines. An additional two Lateral Line nerves are found posterior to the otic vesicle: the middle Lateral Line nerve innervates the middle Line, whereas the posterior nerve innervates the occipital dorsal and posterior trunk Lines. Preotic nerves converge on a single entry zone into the central nervous system at the facial motor root (mVII), as do axons of the octaval nerve. Postotic nerves converge to a posterior entry zone at the glossopharyngeal root. Both Lateral Line ganglia and neuromasts develop on a stereotypical schedule. To examine the segmental relationships among cranial ganglia, neural crest, and hindbrain, Lateral Line organization was analyzed in valentino mutants, which have disruptions in the development of rhombomeres 5-7 and in the third arch neural crest, and are missing glossopharyngeal motor neurons. The proposed corresponding Lateral Line nerve for this head segment, the middle Lateral Line, appears to develop normally. However, the middle and posterior nerves do not form a posterior entry zone in the absence of a glossopharyngeal root in val mutants, but instead course anteriorly to join the preotic nerves.
Loranzie S Rogers - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Lateral Line sensitivity in free swimming toadfish opsanus tau
The Journal of Experimental Biology, 2019Co-Authors: Allen F Mensinger, Jacey C Van Wert, Loranzie S RogersAbstract:A longstanding question in aquatic animal sensory physiology is the impact of self-generated movement on Lateral Line sensitivity. One hypothesis is that efferent modulation of the sensory hair cells cancels self-generated noise and allows fish to sample their surroundings while swimming. In this study, microwire electrodes were chronically implanted into the anterior Lateral Line nerve of oyster toadfish and neural activity was monitored during forward movement. Fish were allowed to freely swim or were moved by a tethered sled. In all cases, neural activity increased during movement with no evidence of efferent modulation. The anterior Lateral Line of moving fish responded to a vibrating sphere or the tail oscillations of a robotic fish, indicating that the Lateral Line also remains sensitive to outside stimulus during self-generated movement. The results suggest that during normal swim speeds, Lateral Line neuromasts are not saturated and retain the ability to detect external stimuli without efferent modulation.
Eva Y. - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Signaling Pathways Regulating Zebrafish Minireview Lateral Line Development
Current Biology, 2009Co-Authors: Eva Y., David W. RaibleAbstract:The Lateral Line organ is a mechanosensory organ of fish and amphibians that detects changes in water flow. The Lateral Line organ of zebrafish has been used as a model for cell polarity and collective cell migration as well as hair cell loss and regeneration. A combination of genetic tools and live imaging has allowed dissection of signaling pathways that regulate these processes. Here, we summarize recent findings on the roles of the FGF, Wnt/betacatenin, and Notch pathways in the initial formation of the posterior Lateral Line primordium, as well as during organ patterning, migration, cell fate specification and hair cell regeneration.
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Signaling Pathways Regulating Zebrafish Lateral Line Development
Current Biology, 2009Co-Authors: Eva Y., David W. RaibleAbstract:The Lateral Line organ is a mechanosensory organ of fish and amphibians that detects changes in water flow. The Lateral Line organ of zebrafish has been used as a model for cell polarity and collective cell migration as well as hair cell loss and regeneration. A combination of genetic tools and live imaging has allowed dissection of signaling pathways that regulate these processes. Here, we summarize recent findings on the roles of the FGF, Wnt/beta-catenin, and Notch pathways in the initial formation of the posterior Lateral Line primordium, as well as during organ patterning, migration, cell fate specification and hair cell regeneration.
Allen F Mensinger - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Lateral Line sensitivity in free swimming toadfish opsanus tau
The Journal of Experimental Biology, 2019Co-Authors: Allen F Mensinger, Jacey C Van Wert, Loranzie S RogersAbstract:A longstanding question in aquatic animal sensory physiology is the impact of self-generated movement on Lateral Line sensitivity. One hypothesis is that efferent modulation of the sensory hair cells cancels self-generated noise and allows fish to sample their surroundings while swimming. In this study, microwire electrodes were chronically implanted into the anterior Lateral Line nerve of oyster toadfish and neural activity was monitored during forward movement. Fish were allowed to freely swim or were moved by a tethered sled. In all cases, neural activity increased during movement with no evidence of efferent modulation. The anterior Lateral Line of moving fish responded to a vibrating sphere or the tail oscillations of a robotic fish, indicating that the Lateral Line also remains sensitive to outside stimulus during self-generated movement. The results suggest that during normal swim speeds, Lateral Line neuromasts are not saturated and retain the ability to detect external stimuli without efferent modulation.
