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Fernand Lambein - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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is Lathyrism still endemic in northern ethiopia the case of legambo woreda district in the south wollo zone amhara national regional state
Ethiopian Journal of Health Development, 2006Co-Authors: Redda Tekle Haimanot, Amsalu Feleke, Fernand LambeinAbstract:Background : Lathyrism is a neurotoxic disorder caused by over consumption of grass pea (Lathyrism sativus). It is endemic in Ethiopia, India and Bangladesh. The fact that grass pea usually tends to replace the staple serial based diet of rural north and central Ethiopia during times of acute food shortages, makes the disease particularly important in the Ethiopian context. Objective : This study is aimed at investigating on whether Lathyrism is still endemic in northern Ethiopia based on the March 26, 2004 report that appeared on the Amharic daily Addis Zemen , which indicated the occurrence of an epidemic where 400 people have been paralyzed in Legambo Woreda, south Wollo, Zone of ANRS. Methods : A house-to-house survey of 3,440 households was undertaken in Legambo Woreda, south Wollo Zone of the Amhara National Regional State, using pre-tested questionnaires. The study subjects were identified as persons with walking difficulties due to weaknesses of the legs. Results : The study identified 424 cases of Lathyrism which occurred over many years in the woreda which has a population of 171,976, which gives a prevalence of 2.5/1000. Specifically the survey revealed that there were 48 cases with onset occuring in 1997, 54 in 1998, 55 in 1999, 38 in 2000 and 37 in 2001. The study further revealed that there is ongoing endemicity of Lathyrism in this typical highland woreda of north Ethiopia. Conclusion : It important that Lathyrism gets the attention of relevant governmental agencies that should ensure the existence of early waring systems to deal with food shortages promptly so that the rural population does not resort to consuming large amounts of grass pea. Lathyrism has to also be a reportable disease within the Ministry of Health system in those areas of northern Ethiopia when grass pea is cultivated. Ethiopian Journal of Health Development Vol. 19(3) 2005: 230-236
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epidemiological study of Lathyrism in northwestern districts of bangladesh
Neuroepidemiology, 1996Co-Authors: Ahmed Suleman Haque, M Hossain, Guido Wouters, Fernand LambeinAbstract:Two northwestern districts of Bangladesh with a population of 629,752 were surveyed from June 1991 to March 1993 to detect and follow up Lathyrism patients. Out of 2,567 neurological patients, 882 were diagnosed as having Lathyrism, giving a prevalence rate of 14.0/10,000. This prevalence was higher among young males: only 12.9% of the patients were female, and only 19.3% of the patients were over 30 years of age at onset of the disease. The average family size was 4.6 members. In the surveyed area, 730 families were evaluated: 622 families had only 1 affected member, and 108 families had 2–8 affected members. Most of the patients were working, while only 4% were not. The majority of the patients had a very low intake of animal protein. A few cases of human T-lymphotropic virus infection and osteoLathyrism were found during this study.
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from soil to brain zinc deficiency increases the neurotoxicity of lathyrus sativus and may affect the susceptibility for the motorneurone disease neuroLathyrism
Toxicon, 1994Co-Authors: Fernand Lambein, Rabiul Haque, Jehangir K Khan, Naod Kebede, Yuhaey KuoAbstract:Abstract Zinc deficiency and oversupply of iron to the roots of grass pea ( Lathyrus sativus ) induce increases in the content of the neurotoxin β- l -ODAP (3-oxalyl- l -2,3-diaminopropanoic acid) in the ripe seeds. The transport of zinc to the shoots is enhanced by the addition of β- l -ODAP. The neurotoxin of L. sativus is proposed to function as a carrier molecule for zinc ions. Soils, depleted in micronutrients from flooding by monsoon rains (Indian subcontinent) or otherwise poor in available zinc and with high iron content (Ethiopian vertisols), may be responsible for higher incidence of human Lathyrism, one of the oldest neurotoxic diseases known to man. A role for brain zinc deficiency in the susceptibility for Lathyrism is postulated.
Peter S Spencer - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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studies of the etiology and pathogenesis of motor neuron diseases iii magnetic cortical stimulation in patients with Lathyrism
Acta Neurologica Scandinavica, 1993Co-Authors: Jacques Hugon, Peter S Spencer, A C Ludolph, Gimenez S Roldan, J L DumasAbstract:Neurophysiological assessments of central motor pathways were conducted of 11 Spanish subjects with varying degrees of spastic paraparesis (Lathyrism). The disease has been induced more than 40 years ago by subsistance on the neurotixic chick pea Lathyrus sativus. Patient evolution was carried out by magnetic cortical and electric spinal stimulations and recordings of the contralateral muscle responses. Central motor conduction times corresponding to lower limbs were clearly more prolonged in those severely affected patients with marked difficulty walking (Stages 4 and 3). Central conduction times corresponding to upper limbs were delayed in only 1 patient. Taken together with clinical and published neuropathological data, these findings suggest that established Lathyrism is essentially a central motor system disorder primarily affecting corticospinal tracts regulating the lower limbs.
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pattern of lathyrus sativus grass pea consumption and beta n oxalyl α β diaminoproprionic acid β odap content of food samples in the Lathyrism endemic region of northwest ethiopia
Nutrition Research, 1993Co-Authors: Redda Teklehaimanot, Naod Kebede, Berhanu M Abegaz, Elizabeth Wuhib, Angelina Kassina, Yemane Kidane, Tadesse Alemu, Peter S SpencerAbstract:Abstract Grass pea, a legume whose consumption is associated with human Lathyrism, is an important food crop among the poorer sectors of society in many parts of Ethiopia. A nutritional survey, focussing on the preparation and consumption of grass pea, in 224 families of two villages of a Lathyrism endemic area in northwestern Ethiopia has been undertaken. Grass pea is grown in only one of the two villages. Raw as well as cooked food samples were collected and the levels of β-ODAP determined by the OPT method. Grass pea foods were also prepared in the laboratory following methods used in the villages and analyzed for their toxin level to derive information if certain procedures were capable of reducing the level of toxin. Steeping grass pea in excess water leaches out ca 30% of the β-ODAP. Grass pea bread ( kitta ) and roasted seeds ( kollo ) showed elevated levels of β-ODAP compared to the seeds used in the preparation of these foods. Lower levels of β-ODAP were found in boiled snacks ( nifro ) and the flour form ( shiro ).
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the epidemiology of Lathyrism in north and central ethiopia
Ethiopian Medical Journal, 1993Co-Authors: Redda Tekle Haimanot, Elizabeth Wuhib, Angelina Kassina, Yemane Kidane, Tadesse Alemu, Y Endeshaw, Peter S SpencerAbstract:Lathyrism is a neurotoxic disorder caused by excessive, prolonged consumption of the hardy, environmentally tolerant legume, the grass-pea, Lathyrus sativus, which contains the neurotoxic amino acid beta-N-oxalylamino-L-alanine acid (BOAA). The disease develops after heavy consumption of grass-pea for over two months. It is uniformly manifested by a predominantly motor spastic paraparesis with varying degrees of disability. A door-to-door epidemiological survey for the disease using trained lay health workers was carried out in the major areas of northwest and central Ethiopia where L. sativus is grown. For security reasons, some of the other endemic areas wre not accessible for the survey. The survey involved a population of 1,011,272. A total of 3,026 affected persons were identified. The disease was found to be widespread in the northwest and central highland areas of the country. The prevalence rates ranged from 1/10,000 to 7.5/1,000. The highest prevalences were in North and South Gonder, and East and West Gojam. The male:female ratio of cases was 2.6:1; the females exhibited a milder form of the disease. The cultivation of L. sativus is increasing in Ethiopia, which makes the development of low-BOAA strains very important in order to control the high incidence of Lathyrism, a crippling disease which affects the productive young members of the society.
David H Kohn - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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bone fracture toughness and strength correlate with collagen cross link maturity in a dose controlled Lathyrism mouse model
Journal of Bone and Mineral Research, 2015Co-Authors: Erin M B Mcnerny, Bo Gong, Michael D Morris, David H KohnAbstract:Collagen cross-linking is altered in many diseases of bone, and enzymatic collagen cross-links are important to bone quality as evidenced by losses of strength following lysyl oxidase inhibition (Lathyrism). We hypothesized that cross-links also contribute directly to bone fracture toughness. A mouse model of Lathyrism using subcutaneous injection of up to 500mg/kg β-aminopropionitrile (BAPN) was developed and characterized (60 animals across 4 dosage groups). Three weeks of 150 or 350 mg/kg BAPN treatment in young growing mice significantly reduced cortical bone fracture toughness, strength, and pyridinoline cross-link content. Ratios reflecting relative cross-link maturity were positive regressors of fracture toughness (HP/[DHLNL+HLNL] r2=0.208, p<0.05; [HP+LP]/[DHNL+HLNL] r2=0.196, p<0.1), whereas quantities of mature pyridinoline cross-links were significant positive regressors of tissue strength (lysyl pyridinoline r2=0.159, p=0.014; hydroxylysyl pyridinoline r2=0.112, p<0.05). Immature and pyrrole cross-links, which were not significantly reduced by BAPN, did not correlate with mechanical properties. The effect of BAPN treatment on mechanical properties was dose specific, with the greatest impact found at the intermediate (350mg/kg) dose. Calcein labeling was used to define locations of new bone formation, allowing for the identification of regions of normally cross-linked (preexisting) and BAPN treated (newly formed, cross-link-deficient) bone. Raman spectroscopy revealed spatial differences due to relative tissue age and effects of cross-link inhibition. Newly deposited tissues had lower mineral/matrix, carbonate/phosphate and Amide I cross-link (matrix maturity) ratios compared to preexisting tissues. BAPN treatment did not affect mineral measures, but significantly increased the cross-link (matrix maturity) ratio compared to newly formed control tissue. Our study reveals that spatially localized effects of short term BAPN cross-link inhibition can alter the whole bone collagen cross-link profile to a measureable degree, and this cross-link profile correlates with bone fracture toughness and strength. Thus, cross-link profile perturbations associated with bone disease may provide insight into bone mechanical quality and fracture risk.
Naod Kebede - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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from soil to brain zinc deficiency increases the neurotoxicity of lathyrus sativus and may affect the susceptibility for the motorneurone disease neuroLathyrism
Toxicon, 1994Co-Authors: Fernand Lambein, Rabiul Haque, Jehangir K Khan, Naod Kebede, Yuhaey KuoAbstract:Abstract Zinc deficiency and oversupply of iron to the roots of grass pea ( Lathyrus sativus ) induce increases in the content of the neurotoxin β- l -ODAP (3-oxalyl- l -2,3-diaminopropanoic acid) in the ripe seeds. The transport of zinc to the shoots is enhanced by the addition of β- l -ODAP. The neurotoxin of L. sativus is proposed to function as a carrier molecule for zinc ions. Soils, depleted in micronutrients from flooding by monsoon rains (Indian subcontinent) or otherwise poor in available zinc and with high iron content (Ethiopian vertisols), may be responsible for higher incidence of human Lathyrism, one of the oldest neurotoxic diseases known to man. A role for brain zinc deficiency in the susceptibility for Lathyrism is postulated.
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pattern of lathyrus sativus grass pea consumption and beta n oxalyl α β diaminoproprionic acid β odap content of food samples in the Lathyrism endemic region of northwest ethiopia
Nutrition Research, 1993Co-Authors: Redda Teklehaimanot, Naod Kebede, Berhanu M Abegaz, Elizabeth Wuhib, Angelina Kassina, Yemane Kidane, Tadesse Alemu, Peter S SpencerAbstract:Abstract Grass pea, a legume whose consumption is associated with human Lathyrism, is an important food crop among the poorer sectors of society in many parts of Ethiopia. A nutritional survey, focussing on the preparation and consumption of grass pea, in 224 families of two villages of a Lathyrism endemic area in northwestern Ethiopia has been undertaken. Grass pea is grown in only one of the two villages. Raw as well as cooked food samples were collected and the levels of β-ODAP determined by the OPT method. Grass pea foods were also prepared in the laboratory following methods used in the villages and analyzed for their toxin level to derive information if certain procedures were capable of reducing the level of toxin. Steeping grass pea in excess water leaches out ca 30% of the β-ODAP. Grass pea bread ( kitta ) and roasted seeds ( kollo ) showed elevated levels of β-ODAP compared to the seeds used in the preparation of these foods. Lower levels of β-ODAP were found in boiled snacks ( nifro ) and the flour form ( shiro ).
Chongying Wang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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factors affecting β odap content in lathyrus sativus and their possible physiological mechanisms
Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2011Co-Authors: C J Jiao, J L Jiang, W Cheng, Chongying WangAbstract:A neuroexcitatory non-protein amino acid, β-N-oxalyl-L-α,β-diaminopropionic acid (β-ODAP), present in the seeds of the hardy legume crop grass pea (Lathyrus sativus L.), was considered responsible for human Lathyrism. The levels of β-ODAP were reported to vary in different tissues during plant development, and to be affected by a wide range of environmental stresses. In this paper, dynamic changes in β-ODAP level at specific stages of plant development as well as the influences of various environmental factors, including nutrient deficiency, drought, salinity, toxic heavy metals, and Rhizobium symbiosis on β-ODAP levels were analyzed, highlighting the relationship between changes in β-ODAP concentrations and Rhizobium growth. Possible mechanisms underlying β-ODAP accumulation are proposed and future research is suggested.