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Quentin C B Cronk - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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functional characterization of terpene synthases accounting for the volatilized terpene heterogeneity in Lathyrus odoratus cultivar flowers
Plant and Cell Physiology, 2020Co-Authors: Tingting Bao, Xinxin Xue, Kimani Shadrack, Song Yang, Ning Wang, Qiuyue Wang, Li Wang, Xiang Gao, Quentin C B CronkAbstract:Lathyrus odoratus (sweet pea) is an ornamental plant with exceptional floral scent, previously used as an experimental organism in the early development of Mendelian genetics. However, its terpene synthases (TPSs), which act as metabolic gatekeepers in the biosynthesis of volatile terpenoids, remain to be characterized. Auto-Headspace Solid-phase Microextraction/Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of floral volatile terpene constituents from seven sweet pea cultivars identified α-bergamotene, linalool, (-)-α-cubebene, geraniol, β-caryophyllene and β-sesquiphellandrene as the dominant compounds. RNA sequencing was performed to profile the transcriptome of L. odoratus flowers. Bioinformatic analysis identified eight TPS genes (acronymed as LoTPS) that were successfully cloned, heterologously expressed and functionally analyzed. LoTPS4 and LoTPS7, belonging to the TPS-b clade, biochemically catalyzed the formation of monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes. LoTPS3 and LoTPS8, placed in the TPS-a clade, also generated monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes, while LoTPS12 belonging to the TPS-g clade showed linalool/nerolidol synthase activity. Notably, biochemical assays of the recombinant LoTPS proteins revealed their catalytic promiscuity, and the enzymatic products were basically consistent with major volatile compounds released from sweet pea flowers. The data from our study lay the foundation for the chemical ecology, molecular genetics and biotechnological improvement of sweet pea and other legumes (Fabaceae).
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cycloidea gene activity local growth and curvature in the dorsal petal of Lathyrus odoratus fabaceae
Botany Letters, 2019Co-Authors: C Woollacott, Lisheng Wang, Simon Travis Beyer, Konrad Walus, Quentin C B CronkAbstract:The hooded (hdd) floral mutant of sweet pea (Lathyrus odoratus L.) is apparently caused by loss of function of the floral developmental gene CYCLOIDEA (CYC). It has a concavely folded dorsal petal ...
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cycloidea gene activity local growth and curvature in the dorsal petal of Lathyrus odoratus fabaceae
Botany Letters, 2019Co-Authors: C Woollacott, Lisheng Wang, Konrad Walus, Simon Beyer, Quentin C B CronkAbstract:ABSTRACTThe hooded (hdd) floral mutant of sweet pea (Lathyrus odoratus L.) is apparently caused by loss of function of the floral developmental gene CYCLOIDEA (CYC). It has a concavely folded dorsal petal (standard) compared to the more or less flat standard of the wild type. To examine localised growth differences in wild type and hdd flowers, we printed fine-scale grids on the surfaces of sweet pea buds using inkjet technology. Wild-type standard petals have a more uniform rate of growth, whereas hdd standard petals show increased growth at their margins. The resultant lamina/margin growth differential leads to negative Gaussian curvature and can account for the differences in curvature between wild-type and hdd petals. We conclude that CYC has a role in the negative regulation of marginal petal growth in Lathyrus in order to maintain dorsal petal flatness. Differences in CYC expression and activity could possibly contribute to the range of dorsal petal form seen throughout the Fabaceae.
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the hooded mutant of Lathyrus odoratus fabaceae is associated with a cycloidea gene mutation
Botany, 2018Co-Authors: C Woollacott, Quentin C B CronkAbstract:The hooded (hdd) floral mutant of Lathyrus odoratus L. (sweet pea) has a concave standard petal compared with the flat standard petal of the wild type. This trait was used by Bateson, Punnett, and Saunders in early studies of Mendelian inheritance (c.1905). Here we provide four lines of evidence that this phenotype results from a mutation in the CYCLOIDEA2 (CYC2) gene. (i) CYC2 is expressed in the standard petals of wild-type L. odoratus, whereas the same methods fail to detect expression in hdd plants. (ii) Genomic sequencing reveals that the CYC2 gene sequence of hdd plants is truncated at the TCP box and likely nonfunctional. (iii) In a population of 118 plants, the hdd phenotype cosegregated with the mutant allele of CYC2 without exception. (iv) CYC2 is known to act as a dorsal petal identity gene. Consistent with this, the standard petal in hdd flowers has the epidermal and pigment characteristics of wing petals, indicating that the hdd mutation results in a shift in dorsiventral petal-type identity....
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the molecular basis for an ancient colour mutant in sweet pea Lathyrus odoratus
Canadian Journal of Plant Science, 2017Co-Authors: Xinxin Xue, Quentin C B CronkAbstract:The classic A1 locus in sweet pea (Lathyrus odoratus) was investigated by Bateson, Punnett, and Saunders in the early 20th century history of Mendelian genetics. The mutation, in the form of the pink and white cultivar ‘Painted Lady’, is known from the 18th century. We show that this locus is associated with a single base pair mutation (332 G/A) in the flavonoid 3′,5′-hydroxylase (F3′5′H) gene. This results in an amino acid change (111 glycine/aspartic acid) in the conserved substrate recognition site 1 of the enzyme. The mutant flower lacks the blue pigment delphinidin and is thus pink and white, rather than purple and blue as in the wild-type. This single amino acid change at a functionally important site appears to convert the enzyme from primary F3′5′H activity to a relatively efficient F3′H, as suggested by heterologous transformation into Arabidopsis PAP1D (a mutant line that produces anthocyanin constitutively).
Masashi Hirai - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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development of a genetic marker linked to the tendril trait of sweet pea Lathyrus odoratus l
Breeding Science, 2003Co-Authors: Hiromi Hanada, Masashi HiraiAbstract:A sweet pea (Lathyrus odoratus L.) cultivar, ‘Grace’, which has tendrils, was crossed with ‘Snoopea purple’ lacking tendrils. The resultant F2 population was used to identify RAPD (random amplified polymorphic DNA) markers linked to a tendril gene. The presence of tendrils was found to segregate in a dominant fashion. A total of 302 random primers were used to screen a pair of bulked DNA samples of the F2 plants. Only two primers, WB32 and WB67, showed polymorphism between the bulked samples. The former generated a DNA fragment specific to the bulked sample with tendrils, while the latter amplified a fragment in the bulked sample without tendrils. Segregation of these RAPD markers was examined in the F2 population. One of them, WB32a was found to be linked to the tendril gene. The marker was then cloned and sequenced. A pair of primers was designed for specific amplification of this marker. The primer pairs amplified a clear and dominant band, SWB32a, and the band was specific to individuals with tendrils. The linkage between the marker, SWB32a and the gene for tendrils was demonstrated in the F2 population in a distance of 7.7 cM. Use of this genetic marker in the breeding of sweet pea cultivars without tendrils was discussed.
Xinxin Xue - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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functional characterization of terpene synthases accounting for the volatilized terpene heterogeneity in Lathyrus odoratus cultivar flowers
Plant and Cell Physiology, 2020Co-Authors: Tingting Bao, Xinxin Xue, Kimani Shadrack, Song Yang, Ning Wang, Qiuyue Wang, Li Wang, Xiang Gao, Quentin C B CronkAbstract:Lathyrus odoratus (sweet pea) is an ornamental plant with exceptional floral scent, previously used as an experimental organism in the early development of Mendelian genetics. However, its terpene synthases (TPSs), which act as metabolic gatekeepers in the biosynthesis of volatile terpenoids, remain to be characterized. Auto-Headspace Solid-phase Microextraction/Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of floral volatile terpene constituents from seven sweet pea cultivars identified α-bergamotene, linalool, (-)-α-cubebene, geraniol, β-caryophyllene and β-sesquiphellandrene as the dominant compounds. RNA sequencing was performed to profile the transcriptome of L. odoratus flowers. Bioinformatic analysis identified eight TPS genes (acronymed as LoTPS) that were successfully cloned, heterologously expressed and functionally analyzed. LoTPS4 and LoTPS7, belonging to the TPS-b clade, biochemically catalyzed the formation of monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes. LoTPS3 and LoTPS8, placed in the TPS-a clade, also generated monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes, while LoTPS12 belonging to the TPS-g clade showed linalool/nerolidol synthase activity. Notably, biochemical assays of the recombinant LoTPS proteins revealed their catalytic promiscuity, and the enzymatic products were basically consistent with major volatile compounds released from sweet pea flowers. The data from our study lay the foundation for the chemical ecology, molecular genetics and biotechnological improvement of sweet pea and other legumes (Fabaceae).
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the molecular basis for an ancient colour mutant in sweet pea Lathyrus odoratus
Canadian Journal of Plant Science, 2017Co-Authors: Xinxin Xue, Quentin C B CronkAbstract:The classic A1 locus in sweet pea (Lathyrus odoratus) was investigated by Bateson, Punnett, and Saunders in the early 20th century history of Mendelian genetics. The mutation, in the form of the pink and white cultivar ‘Painted Lady’, is known from the 18th century. We show that this locus is associated with a single base pair mutation (332 G/A) in the flavonoid 3′,5′-hydroxylase (F3′5′H) gene. This results in an amino acid change (111 glycine/aspartic acid) in the conserved substrate recognition site 1 of the enzyme. The mutant flower lacks the blue pigment delphinidin and is thus pink and white, rather than purple and blue as in the wild-type. This single amino acid change at a functionally important site appears to convert the enzyme from primary F3′5′H activity to a relatively efficient F3′H, as suggested by heterologous transformation into Arabidopsis PAP1D (a mutant line that produces anthocyanin constitutively).
William J. Dougherty - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Partial inhibition of hemocyte agglutination by Lathyrus odoratus lectin in Crassostrea virginica infected with Perkinsus marinus
Fundação Oswaldo Cruz Fiocruz, 1995Co-Authors: Thomas C. Cheng, William J. DoughertyAbstract:Quantitative determinations of agglutination of hemocytes from oysters, Crassostrea virginica, by the Lathyms odoratus lectin at five concentrations revealed that clumping of hemocytes from oysters infected with Perkinsus mannus is partially inhibited. Although the nature of the hemocyte surface saccharide, which is not D(+)-glucose, D(+)mannose, or alpha-methyl-D-mannoside, remains to be determined it may be concluded that this molecule also occurs on the surface of P. marinus. It has been demonstrated that the panning technique (Ford et al. 1990) is qualitatively as effective for determining the presence of P. marinus in C. virginica as the hemolymph assay method (Gauthier & Fisher 1990)
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Partial inhibition of hemocyte agglutination by Lathyrus odoratus lectin in Crassotrea virginica infected with Perkinsus marinus
Instituto Oswaldo Cruz Ministério da Saúde, 1995Co-Authors: Thomas C. Cheng, William J. DoughertyAbstract:Quantitative determinations of agglutination of hemocytes from oysters, Crassostrea virginica, by the Lathyrus odoratus lectin at five concentrations revealed that clumping of hemocytes from oysters infected with Perkinsus marinus is partially inhibited. Although the nature of the hemocyte surface saccharide, which is not D(+)-glucose, D(+)mannose, or alpha-methyl-D-mannoside, remains to be determined, it may be concluded that this molecule also occurs on the surface of P. marinus. It has been demonstrated that the panning technique (Ford et al. 1990) is qualitatively as effective for determining the presence of P. marinus in C. virginica as the hemolymph assay method (Gauthier & Fisher 1990)
Christine Le Signor - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Tendril-less Regulates Tendril Formation in Pea Leaves
The Plant cell, 2009Co-Authors: Julie Hofer, Lynda Tuner, Carol Moreau, Mike Ambrose, Peter Isaac, Susan Butcher, James Weller, Adeline Dupin, Marion Dalmais, Christine Le SignorAbstract:Tendrils are contact-sensitive, filamentous organs that permit climbing plants to tether to their taller neighbors. Tendrilled legume species are grown as field crops, where the tendrils contribute to the physical support of the crop prior to harvest. The homeotic tendril-less (tl) mutation in garden pea (Pisum sativum), identified almost a century ago, transforms tendrils into leaflets. In this study, we used a systematic marker screen of fast neutron-generated tl deletion mutants to identify Tl as a Class I homeodomain leucine zipper (HDZIP) transcription factor. We confirmed the tendril-less phenotype as loss of function by targeting induced local lesions in genomes (TILLING) in garden pea and by analysis of the tendril-less phenotype of the t mutant in sweet pea (Lathyrus odoratus). The conversion of tendrils into leaflets in both mutants demonstrates that the pea tendril is a modified leaflet, inhibited from completing laminar development by Tl. We provide evidence to show that lamina inhibition requires Unifoliata/LEAFY-mediated Tl expression in organs emerging in the distal region of the leaf primordium. Phylogenetic analyses show that Tl is an unusual Class I HDZIP protein and that tendrils evolved either once or twice in Papilionoid legumes. We suggest that tendrils arose in the Fabeae clade of Papilionoid legumes through acquisition of the Tl gene