The Experts below are selected from a list of 297 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Xinfeng Zhu - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Lead acetate trihydrate precursor route to synthesize novel ultrafine Lead Oxide from spent Lead acid battery pastes
Journal of Power Sources, 2014Co-Authors: Xiaojuan Sun, Jiakuan Yang, Wei Zhang, Xinfeng Zhu, Danni Yang, Xiqing Yuan, Jinxin Dong, Haifeng Wang, Vasant R KumarAbstract:Abstract A novel green recycling process is investigated to prepare Lead acetate trihydrate precursors and novel ultrafine Lead Oxide from spent Lead acid battery pastes. The route contains the following four processes. (1) The spent Lead pastes are desulphurized by (NH4)2CO3. (2) The desulphurized pastes are converted into Lead acetate solution by leaching with acetic acid solution and H2O2; (3) The Pb(CH3COO)2·3H2O precursor is crystallized and purified from the Lead acetate solution with the addition of glacial acetic acid; (4) The novel ultrafine Lead Oxide is prepared by the calcination of Lead acetate trihydrate precursor in N2 or air at 320–400 °C. Both the Lead acetate trihydrate and Lead Oxide products are characterized by TG-DTA, XRD, and SEM techniques. The calcination products are mainly α-PbO, β-PbO, and a small amount of metallic Pb. The particle size of the calcination products in air is significantly larger than that in N2. Cyclic voltammetry measurements of the novel ultrafine Lead Oxide products show good reversibility and cycle stability. The assembled batteries using the Lead Oxide products as cathode active materials show a good cyclic stability in 80 charge/discharge cycles with the depth of discharge (DOD) of 100%.
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preparation of basic Lead Oxide from spent Lead acid battery paste via chemical conversion
Hydrometallurgy, 2012Co-Authors: Xiaojuan Sun, Xinfeng Zhu, Danni Yang, Linxia Gao, Jianwen LiuAbstract:Abstract A process with potentially reduced environmental impact was studied to recover Lead as ultra-fine Lead Oxide from Lead paste in spent Lead acid batteries. The Lead paste was desulfurized first and then reacted with citric acid to produce Lead citrate. Finally, Lead citrate was calcined at low-temperature to obtain ultra-fine Lead Oxide. The desulfurized paste, Lead citrate and the recovered Lead Oxide were characterized by XRD. When desulfurized by Na2CO3, NaHCO3 or (NH4)2CO3, the desulfurization rate of Lead paste was over 99.0% under initial C/S ratio of 2, 35 °C, and slurry density of 100 g/L. The Lead carbonate and basic Lead carbonate could be prepared from desulfurized paste, which was acidified with CO2 gas after being desulfurized by sodium carbonate. The Lead citrate precursor, Pb(C6H6O7)·H2O, was prepared by leaching desulfurized paste with citric acid and H2O2. Ultra-fine PbO/Pb powder with particle size of 100–500 nm was obtained at 370 °C. This process is found to be simple, pollution-free and high efficient in the recovery of valuable Lead Oxide from spent Lead acid battery paste, which can replace the traditional smelting method.
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preparation and characterization of nano structured Lead Oxide from spent Lead acid battery paste
Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2012Co-Authors: Xinfeng Zhu, Danni Yang, Vasant R Kumar, Linxia Gao, Jianwen Liu, Jiakuan YangAbstract:Abstract As part of contribution for developing a green recycling process of spent Lead acid battery, a nanostructural Lead Oxide was prepared under the present investigation in low temperature calcination of Lead citrate powder. The Lead citrate, the precursor for preparation of this Lead Oxide, was synthesized through leaching of spent Lead acid battery paste in citric acid solution. Both Lead citrate and Oxide products were characterized by means of thermogravimetric-differential thermal analysis (TG-DTA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results showed that the Lead citrate was sheet-shape crystal of Pb(C 6 H 6 O 7 )·H 2 O. When the citrate was calcined in N 2 gas, β-PbO in the orthorhombic phase was the main product containing small amount of Pb and C and it formed as spherical particles of 50–60 nm in diameter. On combusting the citrate in air at 370 °C (for 20 min), a mixture of orthorhombic β-PbO, tetragonal α-PbO and Pb with the particle size of 100–200 nm was obtained, with β-PbO as the major product. The property of the nanostructural Lead Oxide was investigated by electrochemical technique, such as cyclic voltammetry (CV). The CV measurements presented the electrochemical redox potentials, with reversibility and cycle stability over 15 cycles.
S.e. Gwaily - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Thermal and mechanical properties of styrene-butadiene rubber/Lead Oxide composites as gamma-radiation shields
Polymer Degradation and Stability, 1997Co-Authors: M. M. Abdel-aziz, S.e. GwailyAbstract:Styrene-butadiene rubber/Lead Oxide composites were prepared as γ-radiation shields. The composites were prepared with three different types of Lead Oxide, namely Lead mono-Oxide (PbO), Lead diOxide (PbO2) and red Lead Oxide (Pb3O4). Concentrations of about 87–88 wt% for the three Lead Oxides were used. The assessment of the linear attenuation coefficient of the SBR/Lead Oxide composites for γ-rays from different γ-radiation point sources was studied. The effect of accumulative irradiation doses up to 3000 kGy on the thermal and physico-mechanical properties of the SBR rubber/Lead Oxide composites was also studied.
Aleš Hampl - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Sub-chronic inhalation of Lead Oxide nanoparticles revealed their broad distribution and tissue-specific subcellular localization in target organs
Particle and Fibre Toxicology, 2017Co-Authors: J. Dumková, T. Smutná, L. Vrlíková, Z. Večeřa, L. Čapka, B. Dočekal, Philippe Le Coustumer, Petr Fictum, Pavel Mikuska, Aleš HamplAbstract:BackgroundLead is well known environmental pollutant, which can cause toxic effects in multiple organ systems. However, the influence of Lead Oxide nanoparticles, frequently emitted to the environment by high temperature technological processes, is still concealed. Therefore, we investigate Lead Oxide nanoparticle distribution through the body upon their entry into lungs and determine the microscopic and ultramicroscopic changes caused by the nanoparticles in primary and secondary target organs.MethodsAdult female mice (ICR strain) were continuously exposed to Lead Oxide nanoparticles (PbO-NPs) with an average concentration approximately 106 particles/cm3 for 6 weeks (24 h/day, 7 days/week). At the end of the exposure period, lung, brain, liver, kidney, spleen, and blood were collected for chemical, histological, immunohistochemical and electron microscopic analyses.ResultsLead content was found to be the highest in the kidney and lungs, followed by the liver and spleen; the smallest content of Lead was found in brain. Nanoparticles were located in all analysed tissues and their highest number was found in the lung and liver. Kidney, spleen and brain contained lower number of nanoparticles, being about the same in all three organs. Lungs of animals exposed to Lead Oxide nanoparticles exhibited hyperaemia, small areas of atelectasis, alveolar emphysema, focal acute catarrhal bronchiolitis and also haemostasis with presence of siderophages in some animals. Nanoparticles were located in phagosomes or formed clusters within cytoplasmic vesicles. In the liver, Lead Oxide nanoparticle exposure caused hepatic remodeling with enlargement and hydropic degeneration of hepatocytes, centrilobular hypertrophy of hepatocytes with karyomegaly, areas of hepatic necrosis, occasional periportal inflammation, and extensive accumulation of lipid droplets. Nanoparticles were accumulated within mitochondria and peroxisomes forming aggregates enveloped by an electron-dense mitochondrial matrix. Only in some kidney samples, we observed areas of inflammatory infiltrates around renal corpuscles, tubules or vessels in the cortex. Lead Oxide nanoparticles were dispersed in the cytoplasm, but not within cell organelles. There were no significant morphological changes in the spleen as a secondary target organ. Thus, pathological changes correlated with the amount of nanoparticles found in cells rather than with the concentration of Lead in a given organ.ConclusionsSub-chronic exposure to Lead Oxide nanoparticles has profound negative effects at both cellular and tissue levels. Notably, the fate and arrangement of Lead Oxide nanoparticles were dependent on the type of organs.
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sub chronic inhalation of Lead Oxide nanoparticles revealed their broad distribution and tissue specific subcellular localization in target organs
Particle and Fibre Toxicology, 2017Co-Authors: J. Dumková, T. Smutná, L. Vrlíková, B. Dočekal, Petr Fictum, Pavel Mikuska, Le P Coustumer, Z Veceřa, Lukas Capka, Aleš HamplAbstract:Lead is well known environmental pollutant, which can cause toxic effects in multiple organ systems. However, the influence of Lead Oxide nanoparticles, frequently emitted to the environment by high temperature technological processes, is still concealed. Therefore, we investigate Lead Oxide nanoparticle distribution through the body upon their entry into lungs and determine the microscopic and ultramicroscopic changes caused by the nanoparticles in primary and secondary target organs. Adult female mice (ICR strain) were continuously exposed to Lead Oxide nanoparticles (PbO-NPs) with an average concentration approximately 106 particles/cm3 for 6 weeks (24 h/day, 7 days/week). At the end of the exposure period, lung, brain, liver, kidney, spleen, and blood were collected for chemical, histological, immunohistochemical and electron microscopic analyses. Lead content was found to be the highest in the kidney and lungs, followed by the liver and spleen; the smallest content of Lead was found in brain. Nanoparticles were located in all analysed tissues and their highest number was found in the lung and liver. Kidney, spleen and brain contained lower number of nanoparticles, being about the same in all three organs. Lungs of animals exposed to Lead Oxide nanoparticles exhibited hyperaemia, small areas of atelectasis, alveolar emphysema, focal acute catarrhal bronchiolitis and also haemostasis with presence of siderophages in some animals. Nanoparticles were located in phagosomes or formed clusters within cytoplasmic vesicles. In the liver, Lead Oxide nanoparticle exposure caused hepatic remodeling with enlargement and hydropic degeneration of hepatocytes, centrilobular hypertrophy of hepatocytes with karyomegaly, areas of hepatic necrosis, occasional periportal inflammation, and extensive accumulation of lipid droplets. Nanoparticles were accumulated within mitochondria and peroxisomes forming aggregates enveloped by an electron-dense mitochondrial matrix. Only in some kidney samples, we observed areas of inflammatory infiltrates around renal corpuscles, tubules or vessels in the cortex. Lead Oxide nanoparticles were dispersed in the cytoplasm, but not within cell organelles. There were no significant morphological changes in the spleen as a secondary target organ. Thus, pathological changes correlated with the amount of nanoparticles found in cells rather than with the concentration of Lead in a given organ. Sub-chronic exposure to Lead Oxide nanoparticles has profound negative effects at both cellular and tissue levels. Notably, the fate and arrangement of Lead Oxide nanoparticles were dependent on the type of organs.
Jiakuan Yang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Preparation of Nanostructured Lead Oxide with Carbon for Application of High-Performance Lead Acid Battery
2015Co-Authors: Hu Yuchen, Wei Zhang, Junxiong Wang, Vasant Kumar, Jiakuan YangAbstract:Nanostructured Lead Oxides containing carbon were prepared in order to fabricate a Lead acid battery from decomposition of Lead citrate precursor (Pb3(C6H5O7)2iƒ—3H2O) which was synthesized firstly by leaching spent Lead acid battery paste in aqueous citrate salt system. The effects of different parameters on particle size and morphology of the final Lead Oxide products were optimized. The products were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, surface area and pore size analysis and electrochemical test. The results show that the morphology of obtained carbon materials vary with the decomposition temperature. The combined Lead Oxide with carbon, when applied as a cathode in a Lead-acid battery, is shown to be capable of conveying 30% higher energy-density and better performance during high-rate partial-state-of-charge (HRPSoC) operations compared with the traditional Leady Oxide made by ball-milled process. The new method has the potential for providing a possibility of manufacturing high-performance Lead acid battery used for hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs). Keywords: Lead Oxide; Carbon; Nanostructure; Lead acid battery; Energy-density; electrochemical test
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Lead acetate trihydrate precursor route to synthesize novel ultrafine Lead Oxide from spent Lead acid battery pastes
Journal of Power Sources, 2014Co-Authors: Xiaojuan Sun, Jiakuan Yang, Wei Zhang, Xinfeng Zhu, Danni Yang, Xiqing Yuan, Jinxin Dong, Haifeng Wang, Vasant R KumarAbstract:Abstract A novel green recycling process is investigated to prepare Lead acetate trihydrate precursors and novel ultrafine Lead Oxide from spent Lead acid battery pastes. The route contains the following four processes. (1) The spent Lead pastes are desulphurized by (NH4)2CO3. (2) The desulphurized pastes are converted into Lead acetate solution by leaching with acetic acid solution and H2O2; (3) The Pb(CH3COO)2·3H2O precursor is crystallized and purified from the Lead acetate solution with the addition of glacial acetic acid; (4) The novel ultrafine Lead Oxide is prepared by the calcination of Lead acetate trihydrate precursor in N2 or air at 320–400 °C. Both the Lead acetate trihydrate and Lead Oxide products are characterized by TG-DTA, XRD, and SEM techniques. The calcination products are mainly α-PbO, β-PbO, and a small amount of metallic Pb. The particle size of the calcination products in air is significantly larger than that in N2. Cyclic voltammetry measurements of the novel ultrafine Lead Oxide products show good reversibility and cycle stability. The assembled batteries using the Lead Oxide products as cathode active materials show a good cyclic stability in 80 charge/discharge cycles with the depth of discharge (DOD) of 100%.
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preparation and characterization of nano structured Lead Oxide from spent Lead acid battery paste
Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2012Co-Authors: Xinfeng Zhu, Danni Yang, Vasant R Kumar, Linxia Gao, Jianwen Liu, Jiakuan YangAbstract:Abstract As part of contribution for developing a green recycling process of spent Lead acid battery, a nanostructural Lead Oxide was prepared under the present investigation in low temperature calcination of Lead citrate powder. The Lead citrate, the precursor for preparation of this Lead Oxide, was synthesized through leaching of spent Lead acid battery paste in citric acid solution. Both Lead citrate and Oxide products were characterized by means of thermogravimetric-differential thermal analysis (TG-DTA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results showed that the Lead citrate was sheet-shape crystal of Pb(C 6 H 6 O 7 )·H 2 O. When the citrate was calcined in N 2 gas, β-PbO in the orthorhombic phase was the main product containing small amount of Pb and C and it formed as spherical particles of 50–60 nm in diameter. On combusting the citrate in air at 370 °C (for 20 min), a mixture of orthorhombic β-PbO, tetragonal α-PbO and Pb with the particle size of 100–200 nm was obtained, with β-PbO as the major product. The property of the nanostructural Lead Oxide was investigated by electrochemical technique, such as cyclic voltammetry (CV). The CV measurements presented the electrochemical redox potentials, with reversibility and cycle stability over 15 cycles.
Vasant R Kumar - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Lead acetate trihydrate precursor route to synthesize novel ultrafine Lead Oxide from spent Lead acid battery pastes
Journal of Power Sources, 2014Co-Authors: Xiaojuan Sun, Jiakuan Yang, Wei Zhang, Xinfeng Zhu, Danni Yang, Xiqing Yuan, Jinxin Dong, Haifeng Wang, Vasant R KumarAbstract:Abstract A novel green recycling process is investigated to prepare Lead acetate trihydrate precursors and novel ultrafine Lead Oxide from spent Lead acid battery pastes. The route contains the following four processes. (1) The spent Lead pastes are desulphurized by (NH4)2CO3. (2) The desulphurized pastes are converted into Lead acetate solution by leaching with acetic acid solution and H2O2; (3) The Pb(CH3COO)2·3H2O precursor is crystallized and purified from the Lead acetate solution with the addition of glacial acetic acid; (4) The novel ultrafine Lead Oxide is prepared by the calcination of Lead acetate trihydrate precursor in N2 or air at 320–400 °C. Both the Lead acetate trihydrate and Lead Oxide products are characterized by TG-DTA, XRD, and SEM techniques. The calcination products are mainly α-PbO, β-PbO, and a small amount of metallic Pb. The particle size of the calcination products in air is significantly larger than that in N2. Cyclic voltammetry measurements of the novel ultrafine Lead Oxide products show good reversibility and cycle stability. The assembled batteries using the Lead Oxide products as cathode active materials show a good cyclic stability in 80 charge/discharge cycles with the depth of discharge (DOD) of 100%.
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preparation and characterization of nano structured Lead Oxide from spent Lead acid battery paste
Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2012Co-Authors: Xinfeng Zhu, Danni Yang, Vasant R Kumar, Linxia Gao, Jianwen Liu, Jiakuan YangAbstract:Abstract As part of contribution for developing a green recycling process of spent Lead acid battery, a nanostructural Lead Oxide was prepared under the present investigation in low temperature calcination of Lead citrate powder. The Lead citrate, the precursor for preparation of this Lead Oxide, was synthesized through leaching of spent Lead acid battery paste in citric acid solution. Both Lead citrate and Oxide products were characterized by means of thermogravimetric-differential thermal analysis (TG-DTA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results showed that the Lead citrate was sheet-shape crystal of Pb(C 6 H 6 O 7 )·H 2 O. When the citrate was calcined in N 2 gas, β-PbO in the orthorhombic phase was the main product containing small amount of Pb and C and it formed as spherical particles of 50–60 nm in diameter. On combusting the citrate in air at 370 °C (for 20 min), a mixture of orthorhombic β-PbO, tetragonal α-PbO and Pb with the particle size of 100–200 nm was obtained, with β-PbO as the major product. The property of the nanostructural Lead Oxide was investigated by electrochemical technique, such as cyclic voltammetry (CV). The CV measurements presented the electrochemical redox potentials, with reversibility and cycle stability over 15 cycles.