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Nimphius Sophia - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Functional basis of asymmetrical lower-body skeletal morphology in professional Australian rules footballers
    'Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)', 2020
    Co-Authors: Hart, Nicolas H., Newton, Robert U., Weber Jason, Spiteri Tania, Rantalainen Timo, Dobbin Michael, Chivers Paola, Nimphius Sophia
    Abstract:

    Hart, NH, Newton, RU, Weber, J, Spiteri, T, Rantalainen, T, Dobbin, M, Chivers, P, and Nimphius, S. Functional basis of asymmetrical lower-body skeletal morphology in elite Australian footballers. J Strength Cond Res 34(3): 791-799, 2020-Bone strength is a product of its material and structural properties and is highly responsive to mechanical load. Given the measureable and adaptable features of Bone, and thus relevance to medical screening, injury prevention, and injury management in athletes, this study describes the lower-body skeletal morphology of professional Australian rules footballers. Using a cross-sectional and quantitative study design, 54 professional Australian rules football players (n = 54; age: 22.4 ± 3.8 years; height: 189.0 ± 7.5 cm; body mass: 86.0 ± 8.6 kg; tibial length: 436.1 ± 29.2 mm; and body fat: 9.9 ± 1.7%) underwent tibiofibular peripheral quantitative computed tomography scans for the kicking and support limbs, and a whole-body dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scans. The support Leg was significantly stronger than the kicking Leg (Bone strength: p ≤ 0.001; d = 0.47) with significantly greater Bone mass (p < 0.001; d = 0.28), cross-sectional areas (p ≤ 0.002; d = 0.20), and greater cortex thickness (p = 0.017; d = 0.20), owing to significantly greater periosteal apposition (p ≤ 0.001; d = 0.29) and endocortical expansion (p = 0.019; d = 0.13), despite significantly lower cortical density (p = 0.002; d = -0.25). Disparate skeletal morphology between limbs highlights context-specific adaptive responses to mechanical loads experienced during game-based tasks. Practitioners should concomitantly measure material and structural properties of musculoskeletal tissue when examining fragility or resilience to better inform medical screening, monitoring, and injury risk stratification. Support Leg axial loading highlights a potential avenue for interventions aiming to remediate or optimize Bone cross-sectional area

  • Functional Basis of Asymmetrical Lower-Body Skeletal Morphology in Professional Australian Rules Footballers
    'Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)', 2020
    Co-Authors: Hart, Nicolas H., Newton, Robert U., Weber Jason, Spiteri Tania, Rantalainen Timo, Dobbin Michael, Chivers Paola, Nimphius Sophia
    Abstract:

    Bone strength is a product of its material and structural properties and is highly responsive to mechanical load. Given the measureable and adaptable features of Bone, and thus relevance to medical screening, injury prevention, and injury management in athletes, this study describes the lower-body skeletal morphology of professional Australian rules footballers. Using a cross-sectional and quantitative study design, 54 professional Australian rules football players (n = 54; age: 22.4 ± 3.8 years; height: 189.0 ± 7.5 cm; body mass: 86.0 ± 8.6 kg; tibial length: 436.1 ± 29.2 mm; and body fat: 9.9 ± 1.7%) underwent tibiofibular peripheral quantitative computed tomography scans for the kicking and support limbs, and a whole-body dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scans. The support Leg was significantly stronger than the kicking Leg (Bone strength: p ≤ 0.001; d = 0.47) with significantly greater Bone mass (p < 0.001; d = 0.28), cross-sectional areas (p ≤ 0.002; d = 0.20), and greater cortex thickness (p = 0.017; d = 0.20), owing to significantly greater periosteal apposition (p ≤ 0.001; d = 0.29) and endocortical expansion (p = 0.019; d = 0.13), despite significantly lower cortical density (p = 0.002; d = −0.25). Disparate skeletal morphology between limbs highlights context-specific adaptive responses to mechanical loads experienced during game-based tasks. Practitioners should concomitantly measure material and structural properties of musculoskeletal tissue when examining fragility or resilience to better inform medical screening, monitoring, and injury risk stratification. Support Leg axial loading highlights a potential avenue for interventions aiming to remediate or optimize Bone cross-sectional area.peerReviewe

Ronald C. Ydenberg - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • the effects of wing loading and gender on the escape flights of least sandpipers calidris minutilla and western sandpipers calidris mauri
    Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 2002
    Co-Authors: James G. Burns, Ronald C. Ydenberg
    Abstract:

    High body mass caused by fat storage during migration is believed to increase a bird's risk of predation by decreasing its ability to escape predators. We demonstrate the negative effect of wing loading (mass/wing area) on escape speed and angle of two migrating species of shorebird. We also show significant differences in escape performance between the species and genders. To help explain these differences, we test two potential proximate causes, wing shape and Leg Bone length. Wing shape is correlated with differences in escape performance between the species, but we found no correlation of wing shape or Leg Bone length with gender. Ultimately, greater predation risk due to habitat use or larger body size, for the species and genders respectively, may have resulted in evolution of enhanced escape ability.

Henry Van Den Brand - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • light dark rhythms during incubation of broiler chicken embryos and their effects on embryonic and post hatch Leg Bone development
    PLOS ONE, 2019
    Co-Authors: Carla W Van Der Pol, C.m. Maatjens, Inge Van Roovertreijrink, B Kemp, Sander W S Gussekloo, S Kranenbarg, Jan Wijnen, Remco P M Pieters, H Schipper, Henry Van Den Brand
    Abstract:

    There are indications that lighting schedules applied during incubation can affect Leg health at hatching and during rearing. The current experiment studied effects of lighting schedule: continuous light (24L), 12 hours of light, followed by 12 hours of darkness (12L:12D), or continuous darkness (24D) throughout incubation of broiler chicken eggs on the development and strength of Leg Bones, and the role of selected hormones in Bone development. In the tibiatarsus and femur, growth and ossification during incubation and size and microstructure at day (D)0, D21, and D35 post hatching were measured. Plasma melatonin, growth hormone, and IGF-I were determined perinatally. Incidence of tibial dyschondroplasia, a Leg pathology resulting from poor ossification at the Bone’s epiphyseal plates, was determined at slaughter on D35. 24L resulted in lower embryonic ossification at embryonic day (E)13 and E14, and lower femur length, and lower tibiatarsus weight, length, cortical area, second moment of area around the minor axis, and mean cortical thickness at hatching on D0 compared to 12L:12D especially. Results were long term, with lower femur weight and tibiatarsus length, cortical and medullary area of the tibiatarsus, and second moment of area around the minor axis, and a higher incidence of tibial dyschondroplasia for 24L. Growth hormone at D0 was higher for 24D than for 12L:12D, with 24L intermediate, but plasma melatonin and IGF-I did not differ between treatments, and the role of plasma melatonin, IGF-I, and growth hormone in this process was therefore not clear. To conclude, in the current experiment, 24L during incubation of chicken eggs had a detrimental effect on embryonic Leg Bone development and later life Leg Bone strength compared to 24D and 12L:12D, while the light-dark rhythm of 12L:12D may have a stimulating effect on Leg health.

  • lighting schedule and dimming period in early life consequences for broiler chicken Leg Bone development
    Poultry Science, 2015
    Co-Authors: Carla W Van Der Pol, C.m. Maatjens, R Molenaar, Christiaan J Buitink, Inge Van Roovertreijrink, Henry Van Den Brand, B Kemp
    Abstract:

    Prolonged (>20 h) light periods during grow-out of broiler chickens have been shown to increase the occurrence of skeletal abnormalities, but the effects of early life light-dark schedules are not well known. The present experiment investigated the effect of lighting schedule and light-dark transition during the first days of a broiler chicken's life on Leg Bone development. In 2 experiments, Ross-308 broiler chicks (n = 2,500 per experiment) were subjected to 1 of 5 treatments for 4 d: 24L; 2L:1D lighting schedule with either an abrupt or gradual light-dark transition ("dimming"); and a 2L:6D lighting schedule with an abrupt transition or dimming. At d 4, tibia and femur weight, length, and diameter, yolk free body mass, organ weights, realized weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion ratio, and mortality were determined. In Experiment 2, chick length and relative asymmetry of the femur and tibia were determined additionally. Data were analyzed using orthogonal contrasts. 24L resulted in higher femur diameter (P<0.028; both experiments), tibia diameter (P<0.001; Experiment 1), relative asymmetry of tibia length (P=0.002; Experiment 2), and relative asymmetry of femur length (P=0.003) than applying a light-dark schedule. A 2L:1D lighting schedule resulted in higher femur length (P=0.039; Experiment 1) and relative asymmetry of tibia length (P=0.032; Experiment 2) and lower relative asymmetry of tibia diameter (P=0.016) than a 2L:6D lighting schedule. An abrupt light-dark transition resulted in higher relative asymmetry of tibia length (P=0.004; Experiment 2) and relative asymmetry of tibia diameter (P=0.018) than dimming. To conclude, Leg Bone development in the first 4 d of a broiler chicken's life was higher for 24L than when a lighting schedule was applied, but relative asymmetry was higher as well, suggesting developmental instability. The effect of dimming on Leg Bone development was less pronounced, but the decreased relative asymmetry levels in the dimming treatment suggested lower environmental stress than for the abrupt light-dark transition.

Alan R Hargens - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

Hart, Nicolas H. - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Functional basis of asymmetrical lower-body skeletal morphology in professional Australian rules footballers
    'Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)', 2020
    Co-Authors: Hart, Nicolas H., Newton, Robert U., Weber Jason, Spiteri Tania, Rantalainen Timo, Dobbin Michael, Chivers Paola, Nimphius Sophia
    Abstract:

    Hart, NH, Newton, RU, Weber, J, Spiteri, T, Rantalainen, T, Dobbin, M, Chivers, P, and Nimphius, S. Functional basis of asymmetrical lower-body skeletal morphology in elite Australian footballers. J Strength Cond Res 34(3): 791-799, 2020-Bone strength is a product of its material and structural properties and is highly responsive to mechanical load. Given the measureable and adaptable features of Bone, and thus relevance to medical screening, injury prevention, and injury management in athletes, this study describes the lower-body skeletal morphology of professional Australian rules footballers. Using a cross-sectional and quantitative study design, 54 professional Australian rules football players (n = 54; age: 22.4 ± 3.8 years; height: 189.0 ± 7.5 cm; body mass: 86.0 ± 8.6 kg; tibial length: 436.1 ± 29.2 mm; and body fat: 9.9 ± 1.7%) underwent tibiofibular peripheral quantitative computed tomography scans for the kicking and support limbs, and a whole-body dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scans. The support Leg was significantly stronger than the kicking Leg (Bone strength: p ≤ 0.001; d = 0.47) with significantly greater Bone mass (p < 0.001; d = 0.28), cross-sectional areas (p ≤ 0.002; d = 0.20), and greater cortex thickness (p = 0.017; d = 0.20), owing to significantly greater periosteal apposition (p ≤ 0.001; d = 0.29) and endocortical expansion (p = 0.019; d = 0.13), despite significantly lower cortical density (p = 0.002; d = -0.25). Disparate skeletal morphology between limbs highlights context-specific adaptive responses to mechanical loads experienced during game-based tasks. Practitioners should concomitantly measure material and structural properties of musculoskeletal tissue when examining fragility or resilience to better inform medical screening, monitoring, and injury risk stratification. Support Leg axial loading highlights a potential avenue for interventions aiming to remediate or optimize Bone cross-sectional area

  • Functional Basis of Asymmetrical Lower-Body Skeletal Morphology in Professional Australian Rules Footballers
    'Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)', 2020
    Co-Authors: Hart, Nicolas H., Newton, Robert U., Weber Jason, Spiteri Tania, Rantalainen Timo, Dobbin Michael, Chivers Paola, Nimphius Sophia
    Abstract:

    Bone strength is a product of its material and structural properties and is highly responsive to mechanical load. Given the measureable and adaptable features of Bone, and thus relevance to medical screening, injury prevention, and injury management in athletes, this study describes the lower-body skeletal morphology of professional Australian rules footballers. Using a cross-sectional and quantitative study design, 54 professional Australian rules football players (n = 54; age: 22.4 ± 3.8 years; height: 189.0 ± 7.5 cm; body mass: 86.0 ± 8.6 kg; tibial length: 436.1 ± 29.2 mm; and body fat: 9.9 ± 1.7%) underwent tibiofibular peripheral quantitative computed tomography scans for the kicking and support limbs, and a whole-body dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scans. The support Leg was significantly stronger than the kicking Leg (Bone strength: p ≤ 0.001; d = 0.47) with significantly greater Bone mass (p < 0.001; d = 0.28), cross-sectional areas (p ≤ 0.002; d = 0.20), and greater cortex thickness (p = 0.017; d = 0.20), owing to significantly greater periosteal apposition (p ≤ 0.001; d = 0.29) and endocortical expansion (p = 0.019; d = 0.13), despite significantly lower cortical density (p = 0.002; d = −0.25). Disparate skeletal morphology between limbs highlights context-specific adaptive responses to mechanical loads experienced during game-based tasks. Practitioners should concomitantly measure material and structural properties of musculoskeletal tissue when examining fragility or resilience to better inform medical screening, monitoring, and injury risk stratification. Support Leg axial loading highlights a potential avenue for interventions aiming to remediate or optimize Bone cross-sectional area.peerReviewe